Feeding strategy of wild herbivores in habitats of limited food resources

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kamler
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Limited Food

scholarly journals INTERAKSI TROFIK KOMUNITAS IKAN DI DANAU MATANO, SULAWESI SELATAN PASCA BERKEMBANGNYA IKAN ASING INVASIF

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Dimas Angga Hedianto ◽  
Agus Arifin Sentosa
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Lake Matano ◽  
Alien Fish ◽  
Alien Fish Species

Interaksi trofik pasca masuknya ikan introduksi ataupun ikan asing invasif merupakan dasar untuk mengkaji tekanan ekologis terhadap ikan asli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interaksi trofik komunitas ikan pasca berkembangnya jenis-jenis ikan asing invasif di Danau Matano, Sulawesi Selatan. Ikan contoh diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan jaring insang percobaan, jala lempar, dan seser pada Mei, Oktober, dan November 2015 serta Februari, Juli, dan September 2016. Analisis ekologi trofik yang dilakukan meliputi indeks bagian terbesar, tingkat trofik, luas relung dan tumpang tindih relung makanan, serta pola strategi makan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komunitas ikan yang tertangkap di Danau Matano terdiri atas 9 famili, 11 genera, dan 17 spesies. Ikan louhan mendominasi komunitas ikan di Danau Matano sebesar 53,62%. Makanan alami yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh sejumlah ikan dalam komunitas adalah insekta (Diptera), Gastropoda (Tylomelania sp.), dan larva insekta (Chironomidae). Kelompok trofik komunitas ikan di Danau Matano terdiri atas detritivora, herbivora, insektivora, zoobentivora, dan piscivora. Masuknya ikan introduksi memunculkan kelompok trofik baru (detritivora dan herbivora). Ikan introduksi cenderung memiliki luas relung makanan yang lebih bervariasi. Kompetisi terhadap makanan alami kategori moderat banyak terjadi antara ikan asli dengan louhan. Strategi pola makan ikan asli di Danau Matano cenderung bersifat spesialis, sedangkan ikan introduksi memiliki strategi pola makan yang lebih bervariasi dan oportunistik. Ikan louhan sebagai ikan introduksi dominan yang bersifat invasif mampu memanfaatkan seluruh sumber daya makanan alami yang tersedia dan menempati tingkat trofik tertinggi di Danau Matano. Tekanan ekologi terhadap ikan asli oleh ikan asing invasif di Danau Matano terjadi karena adanya kompetisi terhadap makanan alami.Trophic interactions post-develpment of non-native fish or invasive alien fish species are the basis knowledge for assessing and preventing the ecological pressure on native fish. This research aims to analyze the trophic interactions of fish community post-development of invasive alien fish species in Lake Matano, South Sulawesi. Fish samples were obtained from the catch of experimental gill nets, cast nets, and push nets in May, October, and November 2015 along with February, July, and September 2016. Trophic ecological analysis carried out included index of preponderance, trophic level, niche breadth and niche overlap of natural food, and feeding strategy. The fish community caught in Lake Matano consists of 9 families, 11 genera, and 17 species. Flowerhorn cichlid dominates the fish community in Lake Matano by 53.62%. Natural foods that are widely used by a number of fish in the community are Insecta (Diptera), Gastropods (Tylomelania sp.), and larvae of Insecta (Chironomidae). The guild trophic of fish community in Lake Matano consists of detritivores, herbivores, insectivores, zoobentivores, and piscivores. The introduction of non-native species bring up to new guilds (detritivores and herbivores). Non-native fishes tends to have a variety niche breadth. Moderate competition for natural food resources between native fish and flowerhorn cichlid is quite high. Feeding strategy of native species in Lake Matano tend to be specialist, while non-natives species have more variety and opportunistic. Flowerhorn cichlid as dominant invasive alien fish species is able to utilize all natural food resources and occupies the highest trophic level in Lake Matano. Ecological pressure on native fish by invasive alien fish species in Lake Matano occurs due to competition in obtaining natural food resources.

Ethical Allocation of Scarce Food Resources During Public Health Emergencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Sarah Wetter ◽  
James G. Hodge ◽  
Emily Carey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Food Banks ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Limited Food

AbstractEscalating demands for limited food supplies at America’s food banks and pantries during the COVID-19 pandemic have raised ethical concerns underlying “first-come, first-served” distributions strategies. A series of model ethical principles are designed to guide ethical allocations of these resources to assure greater access among persons facing food insecurity.

Difference in diet as an epiphenomenon: space regulates salamanders

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia C. Maiorana
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Critical Resource ◽  
Spatial Resources

Observations on prey size and spatial dispersion of two plethodontid salamanders widely sympatric in California suggest that food resources do not regulate the densities of the salamanders and hence are not the critical resource for their coexistence. Competition may still occur for limited food resources but such competition may influence only relative size or fecundities of the species and not their densities. Observations are consistent with the hypothesis that spatial resources regulate salamander densities. These observations include the following (1) when large prey is scarce the larger Aneides lugubris can consume smaller prey efficiently (as a consequence, its diet overlaps almost completely that of the smaller Batrachoseps attenuatus); (2) size groups that overlap most in diet also overlap most in space; (3) individuals of Batrachoseps seem to be distributed with respect to spatial rather than food resources since large differences in fatness and stomach size among individuals occur within small areas of continuous habitat; and (4) the abundance of Aneides relative to Batrachoseps is greatest in habitats with the greatest abundance of large cavities that adult Aneides can use for protection. The above observations are relevant to the general problem of competition for size-dependent resources between microsympatric vertebrate insectivores.

Two Rare Pustulose/spinose Morphotypes of Benthic Foraminifera from Eastern Ross Sea, Antarctica

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech. Majewski ◽  
Jarosław Stolarski ◽  
Philip J. Bart
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
Bottom Currents ◽  
Grounding Line ◽  
Limited Food

Abstract Habitats proximal to grounded ice and below ice shelves are rarely studied for microfossils. A recently described, well-resolved deglaciation record from the Whales Deep Basin of the eastern Ross Sea provided an opportunity to study sub-fossil foraminifera in such settings. Among other foraminiferal taxa, two forms with pustulose/spinose ornamentation were especially important as they were restricted to habitats associated with proximity to the calving front or presence of an ice-shelf. Based on gradation from strongly pustulose/spinose to typical morphologies and existing molecular data, these rarely reported forms are considered to be morphotypes of Globocassidulina biora (Crespin, 1960) and Trifarina earlandi (Parr, 1950). They seemed to flourish in polynya areas near grounding-line and in sub-ice-shelf environments with bottom currents. Their unusual morphologies may be a response to limited food resources. These foraminifera deserve special attention because they appear to be restricted to extreme Antarctic environments and hence are potentially very important for paleoenvironmental reconstructions.

Elevated ability to compete for limited food resources by ‘all-fish’ growth hormone transgenic common carpCyprinus carpio

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1459-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Duan ◽  
T. Zhang ◽  
W. Hu ◽  
L. F. Sundström ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Limited Food

scholarly journals Functional differentiation related to decomposing complex carbohydrates of intestinal microbes between two wild zokor species based on 16SrRNA sequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zou ◽  
Nannan Liang ◽  
Xuxin Zhang ◽  
Chongxuan Han ◽  
Xiaoning Nan
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Subterranean Rodent ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
Limited Food

Abstract Background The intestinal microbes in mammals play a key role in host metabolism and adaptation. As a subterranean rodent, zokor digs tunnels for foraging and mating. These digging activities of zokors increase the energy expenditure relative to their aboveground counterparts. However, relatively little is known regarding intestinal microbes of zokor and how they make full use of limited food resources underground for high energy requirements. Results Eospalax cansus and Eospalax rothschildi had distinct intestinal microbes. Although the composition of intestinal microbes is similar in two species, the proportion of bacterium are distinctly different between them. At phylum level, 11 phyla were shared between two species. Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were two dominant microbes in both of two species, while Eospalax cansus have a significantly high proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota than that of Eospalax rothschildi. At genus level, norank_f_Muribaculaceae were dominant microbes in both of two zokor species. The relative abundance of 12 genera were significantly different between two species. Some bacterium including unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminococcus and Eubacterium_siraeum_group associated with cellulose degradation were significantly enriched in Eospalax cansus. Although alpha diversity was with no significant differences between Eospalax cansus and Eospalax rothschildi, the intestinal microbes between them are significant distinct in PCoA analysis. We have found that trapping location affected the alpha diversity values, while sex and body measurements had no effect on alpha diversity values. PICRUSt metagenome predictions revealed significant enrichment of microbial genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in Eospalax cansus rather than Eospalax rothschildi. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that Eospalax cansus harbor a stronger ability of fermentation for dietary plants than Eospalax rothschildi. The stronger ability of fermentation and degradation of cellulose of intestinal microbes of Eospalax cansus may be a long-time adaptation to limited food resources underground.

scholarly journals A Comparison of digestive Tract Morphology in muskoxen and caribou from Victoria Island, Northwest Territories, Canada

Rangifer ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Staaland ◽  
Jan Z. Adamczewski ◽  
Anne Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Victoria Island

Although caribou and muskoxen coexist in close proximity on southeastern Victoria Island, they appear primarily adapted to different diets and foraging strategies. Visual inspection and analysis of rumen contents for fiber and lignin from the study (unpubl.) also indicate a predominantly graminoid diet in the muskoxen and a more varied diet with a substantial browse component in the caribou.This should reduce the likelihood of competition for limited food resources in winter.

Feeding Strategies and Partition of Food Resources in Deep-Water Decapod Crustaceans (400–2300 m)

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Cartes
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Food Resource Partitioning

Food resource partitioning and trends in feeding strategies were examined in 3882 individual decapod crustaceans collected from 1989 to 1990, using bottom trawls at depths between 380 and 2261 m in the Catalan Sea (western Mediterranean). The vertical distribution of available food resources near the bottom was the most important factor responsible for food resource partitioning among bathyal decapod crustaceans by depth stratum and season. Decapods were assigned to five different trophic groups according to the food resource exploited and feeding strategy employed (macroplankton feeders, macroplankton-epibenthic feeders, epibenthic feeders, epibenthic-endobenthic feeders, and deposit feeders). There was little dietary overlap, indicating that species did partition the available resources. Overall, dietary overlap values among species increased with depth. Although a trend to increase H’ values for diets with depth was observed, this was not significant (P < 0.10), whereas differences in the percentage of empty stomachs and the frequency of foraminiferans and pteropods in the foreguts increased significantly (P < 0.05) with depth. This last result is indicative of a progressive increase in the importance of deposit feeding in decapod crustaceans as depth increases.

Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) Habitat Use and Food Resources on Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Farley ◽  
Herman Griese ◽  
Rick Sinnott ◽  
Jessica Coltrane ◽  
Chris Garner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Air Force Base
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document