scholarly journals Functional differentiation related to decomposing complex carbohydrates of intestinal microbes between two wild zokor species based on 16SrRNA sequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zou ◽  
Nannan Liang ◽  
Xuxin Zhang ◽  
Chongxuan Han ◽  
Xiaoning Nan
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Subterranean Rodent ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
Limited Food

Abstract Background The intestinal microbes in mammals play a key role in host metabolism and adaptation. As a subterranean rodent, zokor digs tunnels for foraging and mating. These digging activities of zokors increase the energy expenditure relative to their aboveground counterparts. However, relatively little is known regarding intestinal microbes of zokor and how they make full use of limited food resources underground for high energy requirements. Results Eospalax cansus and Eospalax rothschildi had distinct intestinal microbes. Although the composition of intestinal microbes is similar in two species, the proportion of bacterium are distinctly different between them. At phylum level, 11 phyla were shared between two species. Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were two dominant microbes in both of two species, while Eospalax cansus have a significantly high proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota than that of Eospalax rothschildi. At genus level, norank_f_Muribaculaceae were dominant microbes in both of two zokor species. The relative abundance of 12 genera were significantly different between two species. Some bacterium including unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminococcus and Eubacterium_siraeum_group associated with cellulose degradation were significantly enriched in Eospalax cansus. Although alpha diversity was with no significant differences between Eospalax cansus and Eospalax rothschildi, the intestinal microbes between them are significant distinct in PCoA analysis. We have found that trapping location affected the alpha diversity values, while sex and body measurements had no effect on alpha diversity values. PICRUSt metagenome predictions revealed significant enrichment of microbial genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in Eospalax cansus rather than Eospalax rothschildi. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that Eospalax cansus harbor a stronger ability of fermentation for dietary plants than Eospalax rothschildi. The stronger ability of fermentation and degradation of cellulose of intestinal microbes of Eospalax cansus may be a long-time adaptation to limited food resources underground.

A Stationary Solution of High-Energy Electron Reflection (HEER) for An Arbitrary Surface

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
YIQUN MA
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Solution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Bloch Wave ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Periodic Surface ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Electron Reflection ◽  
Long Time

For a long time, the development of dynamical theory for HEER has been stagnated for several reasons. Although the Bloch wave method is powerful for the understanding of physical insights of electron diffraction, particularly electron transmission diffraction, it is not readily available for the simulation of various surface imperfection in electron reflection diffraction since it is basically a method for bulk materials and perfect surface. When the multislice method due to Cowley & Moodie is used for electron reflection, the “edge effects” stand firmly in the way of reaching a stationary solution for HEER. The multislice method due to Maksym & Beeby is valid only for an 2-D periodic surface.Now, a method for solving stationary solution of HEER for an arbitrary surface is available, which is called the Edge Patching method in Multislice-Only mode (the EPMO method). The analytical basis for this method can be attributed to two important characters of HEER: 1) 2-D dependence of the wave fields and 2) the Picard iteractionlike character of multislice calculation due to Cowley and Moodie in the Bragg case.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic power of lightning superbolts from Earth to space

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Ripoll ◽  
T. Farges ◽  
D. M. Malaspina ◽  
G. S. Cunningham ◽  
E. H. Lay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Power ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
High Energy Tail ◽  
Van Allen Probes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Low Frequency Waves

AbstractLightning superbolts are the most powerful and rare lightning events with intense optical emission, first identified from space. Superbolt events occurred in 2010-2018 could be localized by extracting the high energy tail of the lightning stroke signals measured by the very low frequency ground stations of the World-Wide Lightning Location Network. Here, we report electromagnetic observations of superbolts from space using Van Allen Probes satellite measurements, and ground measurements, and with two events measured both from ground and space. From burst-triggered measurements, we compute electric and magnetic power spectral density for very low frequency waves driven by superbolts, both on Earth and transmitted into space, demonstrating that superbolts transmit 10-1000 times more powerful very low frequency waves into space than typical strokes and revealing that their extreme nature is observed in space. We find several properties of superbolts that notably differ from most lightning flashes; a more symmetric first ground-wave peak due to a longer rise time, larger peak current, weaker decay of electromagnetic power density in space with distance, and a power mostly confined in the very low frequency range. Their signal is absent in space during day times and is received with a long-time delay on the Van Allen Probes. These results have implications for our understanding of lightning and superbolts, for ionosphere-magnetosphere wave transmission, wave propagation in space, and remote sensing of extreme events.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF UNCERTAINTIES IN MODEL FREE PARAMETERS AND SEA LEVEL RISE ON SHORELINE CHANGES: A 20-YEAR HINDCAST AT TRUC VERT BEACH, SW FRANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Maurizio D'Anna ◽  
Deborah Idier ◽  
Bruno Castelle ◽  
Goneri Le Cozannet ◽  
Jeremy Rohmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Shoreline Evolution ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sw France

Chronic erosion of sandy coasts is a continuous potential threat for the growing coastal communities worldwide. The prediction of shoreline evolution is therefore key issue for robust decision making worldwide, especially in the context of climate change. Shorelines respond to various complex processes interacting at several temporal and spatial scales, making shoreline reconstructions and predictions challenging and uncertain, especially on long time scales (e.g. decades or century). Despite the increasing progresses in addressing uncertainties related to the physics of Sea Level Rise, very little effort is made towards understanding and reducing the uncertainties related to wave driven coastal response. To fill this gap, we analyse the uncertainties associated with long-term (2 decades) modelling of the cross-shore transport dominated high-energy sandy coast around Truc Vert beach, SW France, which has been surveyed semi-monthly over the last 12 years.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/_NBJ2v-koMs

Numerical study of head-on droplet collisions at high Weber numbers

2016 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 785-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Liu ◽  
D. Bothe
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Collision Dynamics ◽  
Noise Disturbance ◽  
Droplet Collisions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Thin Lamella ◽  
Noise Disturbances ◽  
Good Agreement

Head-on collisions of binary water droplets at high Weber numbers are studied by means of direct numerical simulations (DNS). We modify the lamella stabilization method of Focke & Bothe (J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., vol. 166 (14), 2011, pp. 799–810), which avoids the artificial rupture of the thin lamella arising in high-energy collisions, and validate it in the regime of high Weber numbers. The simulations are conducted with and without initial disturbances and the results are compared with the experimental work of Pan et al. (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 80 (3), 2009, 036301). The influence of initial white noise disturbance on the collision dynamics is identified and good agreement between the simulation results and the experimental results is obtained when the initial noise disturbances are properly exerted. In order to include the stochastic nature of the disturbance, we conduct several simulations with white noise disturbance of same strength and average the spectrum diagram for the unstably developing rim of the collision complex. We show that the magnification of rim perturbation can be predicted by Plateau–Rayleigh theory over a long time span.

scholarly journals Pre- and postnatal nutrition in sheep affects β-cell secretion and hypothalamic control

2013 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna H Kongsted ◽  
Sanne V Husted ◽  
Malin P Thygesen ◽  
Vibeke G Christensen ◽  
Dominique Blache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Cell Secretion ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Prenatal Undernutrition ◽  
Limited Food

Maternal undernutrition increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome later in life, particularly upon postnatal exposure to a high-energy diet. However, dysfunctions of, for example, the glucose–insulin axis are not readily detectable by conventional tests early in life, making it difficult to identify individuals at risk. Thus, other methods are required. We hypothesised that prenatally undernourished individuals (but not postnatally overnourished ones) are adapted to a life with limited food availability, which would be evident under conditions reflecting starvation, stress and short-term abundance of food. In this study, twin-pregnant sheep were fed diets meeting 100% (NORM) or 50% (LOW) of energy and protein requirements during the last trimester. Twin offspring were fed either a normal moderate (CONV) diet or a high-carbohydrate–high-fat (HCHF) diet from 3 days to 6 months of age (approximately puberty) and the same moderate diet thereafter until 2 years of age (young adulthood; only females), resulting in four groups: NORM-CONV, LOW-CONV, NORM-HCHF and LOW-HCHF. At the age of 6 months and 2 years respectively, they were subjected to fasting and propionate (nutrient abundance) and adrenalin challenges. At 6 months of age, postnatal HCHF diet exposure caused metabolic alterations, reflecting hypertriglyceridaemia and altered pancreatic β-cell secretion. Irrespective of postnatal diet, prenatal undernutrition was found to be associated with unexpected endocrine responses of leptin, IGF1 and cortisol during fasting (lack of or the opposite response compared with the controls) in 2-year-old adults. In conclusion, a HCHF diet interfered with β-cell function, whereas maternal undernutrition did not lead to any changes in the LOW offspring, except to abnormal hormone responses, suggesting that fetal programming interferes with hypothalamic integration of important endocrine axis.

scholarly journals Autonomous Power Supply System for Light Sensor of Illumination Measurement Test Bench

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olegs Tetervenoks ◽  
Ilya Galkin ◽  
Jelena Armas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Light Sensor ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Wireless Device ◽  
Illumination Measurement ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Abstract Usually wireless devices require autonomous power supply. They are equipped with radio frequency transceiver modules with relatively high energy consumption especially in data transmission mode. This also means that autonomous power supply of wireless device requires relatively large energy storage. Rechargeable battery in this case is a good solution, but the charging process of a battery takes a long time. In this paper the use of supercapacitor as energy storage for autonomous power supply of wireless node is further elaborated on the example of light sensor for illumination measurement test bench.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a new visualization and analytics solution for slow control data for large scale experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Laura Sargsyan ◽  
Filipe Martins
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Control System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Test Version ◽  
Long Time

Large experiments in high energy physics require efficient and scalable monitoring solutions to digest data of the detector control system. Plotting multiple graphs in the slow control system and extracting historical data for long time periods are resource intensive tasks. The proposed solution leverages the new virtualization, data analytics and visualization technologies such as InfluxDB time-series database for faster access large scale data, Grafana to visualize time-series data and an OpenShift container platform to automate build, deployment, and management of application. The monitoring service runs separately from the control system thus reduces a workload on the control system computing resources. As an example, a test version of the new monitoring was applied to the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter using the CERN Cloud Process as a Service platform. Many dashboards in Grafana have been created to monitor and analyse behaviour of the High Voltage distribution system. They visualize not only values measured by the control system, but also run information and analytics data (difference, deviation, etc.). The new monitoring with a feature-rich visualization, filtering possibilities and analytics tools allows to extend detector control and monitoring capabilities and can help experts working on large scale experiments.

scholarly journals Accelerate the Aging of Polymer as Energy-Saving Method Prior to the Pyrolysis Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Further Development ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Pyrolysis technology has appeared a long time ago, but it has not been widely recognized and used in the area of waste plastic/rubber management. The key reason is that the high energy consumption of pyrolysis is the most important problem that plagues the further development of pyrolysis. Prior to the pyrolysis of waste plastics/rubbers, in addition to dehydration and drying can save part of the energy consumption of pyrolysis, in this study, we have first reviewed and discussed high irradiance exposure to artificially accelerate the aging process of waste plastics/rubbers as pretreatment. The results from our preliminary experiments show that the pyrolysis process of the plastic that has undergone UV accelerated aging was speed up, accordingly to achieve saving energy in thermal cracking.

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