The Speed of Information Processing of 9- to 13-Year-Old Intellectually Gifted Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoju Duan ◽  
Zhou Dan ◽  
Jiannong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Inspection Time ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Intellectually Gifted

In general, intellectually gifted children perform better than non-gifted children across many domains. The present validation study investigated the speed with which intellectually gifted children process information. 184 children, ages 9 to 13 years old (91 gifted, M age = 10.9 yr., SD = 1.8; 93 non-gifted children, M age = 11.0 yr., SD = 1.7) were tested individually on three information processing tasks: an inspection time task, a choice reaction time task, an abstract matching task. Intellectually gifted children outperformed their non-gifted peers on all three tasks obtaining shorter reaction time and doing so with greater accuracy. The findings supported the validity of the information processing speed in identifying intellectually gifted children.

Comparison of Two Reaction-Time Tasks and Their Relation to Intelligence

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Small ◽  
J. F. Raney ◽  
Terry J. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Time Parameters

Two reaction time tasks were compared as measures of information-processing speed. A multiple R between the WAIS—R Full, Performance, and Verbal scales and several reaction time parameters was calculated for 28 college students. Results indicate that the reaction-time task used in exploring the relationships between speed of information processing and IQ can be less complex than those used to date.

Relationships Between University Students’ Gender and Physical Activity (PA) and Their Exercise Self-Schemas, Processing of PA-Related Information, and PA Decision-Making

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110601
Author(s):  
In Kyoung Park ◽  
Youngho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
University Students ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Future Behavior ◽  
Self Schema

In the current study, we investigated the effects of gender and regular physical activity (PA) on PA decision-making and speed of information processing. We enrolled 110 university students ( Mage = 20.91, SD =2.28 years) in an experiment involving two tasks and a questionnaire. One of the two tasks assessed how much participants agreed with presented PA words and phrases and the other task predicted behavior and responses to future situations. We collected and measured the participants’ choices and the time they took to make them. The questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), consisted of exercise self-schema and PA questions. We conducted a 2 (gender: male or female) ×2 (regular PA or not) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and found statistically significant differences between variables as a function of participants’ gender (λ = .66, p < .001) and regular PA engagement (λ = .51, p < .001). In a regression analysis, we also found gender differences [males showed relationships between agreement with PA information and information processing speed for decisions on future behavior ( R 2 = .31, F = 12.50); females showed relationships between their exercise self-schema ( R 2 = .26, F = 18.18) and regular PA such that, in the non-regular PA group, exercise self-schema was related to reaction time in making decisions on future behavior ( R 2 = .29, F = 11.23), and in the regular PA group, agreement with PA information was related to reaction time for PA-related words, and agreement with non-PA information ( R 2 = .29, F = 8.91)]. These results highlight the need to consider participant characteristics when designing exercise interventions, and we present supplementary data regarding exercise self-schemas, decision-making, and the speed of processing PA information.

Information Processing Components of Digit Symbol Performance in Schizophrenia

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1329-1330
Author(s):  
D. R. Hemsley
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Choice Reaction Time Task ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Time Task ◽  
The Relationship

The present report is of the relationship between digit symbol performance in schizophrenia and measures derived from a visual choice reaction-time task. The ability to ignore irrelevant visual stimuli was most closely related to digit symbol performance, other measures adding little to the predicted variance.

Divided Attention After Closed Head Injury

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederiec K. Withaar ◽  
Wiebo H. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Complex Tasks ◽  
Mental Flexibility ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Closed Head

Abstract: One of the most persisting sequelae of closed head injury (CHI) is a general slowing of information processing. With neuropsychological testing, the effect is already apparent in simple reaction time tests. The slowing is more pronounced in complex tasks requiring divided attention. This study aims at explaining impairments in divided attention in terms of reduced speed of information processing, and impaired mental flexibility. Three types of mental flexibility are proposed: Stimulus driven (four choice reaction time and auditory reaction time task), memory driven (Trailmaking B test), and strategy driven flexibility tasks (continuous tracking task and arrow identification task). Divided attention paradigms were studied in 26 subacute CHI patients and 25 orthopedic control subjects. Results demonstrated that a reduced speed of information processing was largely responsible for divided attention impairments. Additional impairments in complex divided attention tasks only emerged in the most complex tasks (that is in the strategy driven flexibility task).

scholarly journals Evidence of an early information processing speed deficit in unipolar major depression

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. TSOURTOS ◽  
J. C. THOMPSON ◽  
C. STOUGH
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Inspection Time ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Anticholinergic Effects ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Current Mood

Background. Slowing of the speed of information processing has been reported in geriatric depression, but it is not clear if the impairment is present in younger patients, if motor retardation is responsible, or if antidepressant medications play a role.Method. Twenty unmedicated unipolar depressed inpatients were compared with 19 medicated depressed in-patients and 20 age-, sex- and verbal IQ-matched controls on inspection time (IT), a measure of speed of information processing that does not require a speeded motor response. We also examined the relationship between IT and current mood and length of depressive illness.Results. Unmedicated depressed patients showed slowing of information processing speed when compared to both medicated depressed patients and controls. The latter two groups were not significantly different from each other. Slowing of IT was not associated with current mood, but was negatively correlated with length of illness since first episode. No differences in IT were found between patients receiving medication with anticholinergic effects and patients receiving medication with no anticholinergic effects.Conclusions. The findings indicate that unipolar depression is associated with a slowing of speed of information processing in younger patients who have not received antidepressant medication. This does not appear to be a result of motor slowing.

Computerized Simple Reaction Time and Balance in Nondemented Parkinson’s Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aida Arroyo-Ferrer ◽  
Jorge Andreo ◽  
José A. Periáñez ◽  
Marcos Ríos-Lago ◽  
Genny Lubrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients are known to suffer from subtle cognitive and balance deficits from the early stages although they usually manifest in advanced stages. Postural instability (PI) has been correlated with slower information processing speed. Simple reaction time (SRT) tasks can be used to measure the speed of information processing. The main objective of this study was to examine the usefulness of SRT as a valid predictor of balance in PD, thus providing a simple and complementary assessment method. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This cross-sectional study included 52 PD patients without dementia who were evaluated for balance using the pull test (PT) maneuver and Biodex® limits of stability (LOS). In addition, a reaction time task was used to measure processing speed. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The performance of SRT tasks was correlated with the evaluation of LOS% and PT, suggesting that the SRT may be a predictor of balance performance. Longer reaction time and poorer postural stability were also associated with disease duration but not with age. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Poor performance in a simple reaction task can predict altered PI and can complement staging and evaluation in PD patients.

Modeling Within-Person Variance in Reaction Time Data of Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rast ◽  
Daniel Zimprich
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Time Task ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Wave

In order to model within-person (WP) variance in a reaction time task, we applied a mixed location scale model using 335 participants from the second wave of the Zurich Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging. The age of the respondents and the performance in another reaction time task were used to explain individual differences in the WP variance. To account for larger variances due to slower reaction times, we also used the average of the predicted individual reaction time (RT) as a predictor for the WP variability. Here, the WP variability was a function of the mean. At the same time, older participants were more variable and those with better performance in another RT task were more consistent in their responses.

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