Experienced Lengthening and Shortening of a Straight Line Fixated in the Middle and Briefly Exposed

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1023-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Holt-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Full Length ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Red Line

The stimulus was a vertical, straight, red line, 17 cm. long and about 2 mm. wide, which for 60 msec. was projected onto a medium grey screen 2 m. from S. Fixating the midpoint of the line S reported that the line lengthened upwards and downwards from the point of fixation to full length and then shortened to the point of fixation. The measured time of lengthening-shortening with fixation of the midpoint was identical with that of fixation of the nethermost point of the same line.

Perception of a Straight Line Briefly Exposed

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Holt-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Relation ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Oscillating Processes ◽  
Red Line

The stimulus was a vertical, straight, red line, 17 cm. long and about 2 mm. wide, which for 60 msec. was projected onto a medium grey screen 2 m. from S. Fixating the nethermost point of the line S experienced that the line grew from the point of fixation to full length in order and then decreased in length to the point of fixation. The experienced time of lengthening-shortening, which on an average was about 570 msec. for 37 Ss, was measured by means of a special methodology. At measurable time of lengthening-shortening of Ss' experiences of the line were a regular oscillating phenomenon of perception. We have sought a functional relation between the oscillating phenomenon of perception mentioned and the oscillating processes of the brain.

Duration of Experienced Expansion and Contraction of a Circle

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Holt-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Full Length ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Vertical Straight Line ◽  
Straight Line

The stimulus was a white outline circle which for 60 msec. was projected onto a screen 2 m. from S. The diameter of the circle was 10 cm. and the circle line was approximately 1.5 mm. wide. Fixating the center of the circle Ss reported experiencing the circle as expanding from the point of fixation to full size and then contracting to the point of fixation. Ss' experiences fell in two classes. The durations of Ss' experience of expansion-contraction were measured in msec. Ss also participated in experiments in which they fixated the nethermost point of a 17-cm. vertical straight line which was 2 mm. wide. Ss experienced the line as lengthening from the point of fixation to full length and then shortening to the point of fixation. For a given S the durations of the experienced expansion-contraction of the circle and the experienced lengthening-shortening of the straight line were the same.

scholarly journals A very straight and collimated outflow in the core of OMC-1

1991 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 491-493
Author(s):  
J. Schmid-Burgk ◽  
R. Güsten ◽  
R. Mauersberger ◽  
A. Schulz ◽  
T. L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Position Angle ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Hii Region ◽  
The Core ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Outflow System

We have recently discovered a large-scale (200″) outflow system in the core of OMC-1 (fig. 1), centered about 100″ South of IRc2 and extending over some 120″ (red lobe) resp. 60″ (blue) along a position angle of —31° (Schmid-Burgk et al. 1990). The blue lobe which might actually protrude into the HII region M42 is poorly defined in CO 2-1, but the red lobe reveals a number of remarkable properties which we summarize here:The outflow is very straight and smooth. Over the full length of 120″, the center of any cross scan deviates by not more than about 1″ from a straight line. This line passes to within 2″ the peak of the submm source FIR4 of OMC-1 (Mezger, Wink and Zylka 1990) and the mm continuum peak CS3 (Mundy et al. 1986); it also cuts across the red and blue SiO-outflow lobes recently discovered some 5-10″ to either side of FIR4 (Ziurys, Wilson and Mauersberger 1990). It thus seems that the “base” of our large-scale CO jet can be seen as well.

scholarly journals A very straight and collimated outflow in the core of OMC-1

1991 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 491-493
Author(s):  
J. Schmid-Burgk ◽  
R. Güsten ◽  
R. Mauersberger ◽  
A. Schulz ◽  
T. L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Position Angle ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Hii Region ◽  
The Core ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Outflow System

We have recently discovered a large-scale (200″) outflow system in the core of OMC-1 (fig. 1), centered about 100″ South of IRc2 and extending over some 120″ (red lobe) resp. 60″ (blue) along a position angle of —31° (Schmid-Burgk et al. 1990). The blue lobe which might actually protrude into the HII region M42 is poorly defined in CO 2-1, but the red lobe reveals a number of remarkable properties which we summarize here:The outflow is very straight and smooth. Over the full length of 120″, the center of any cross scan deviates by not more than about 1″ from a straight line. This line passes to within 2″ the peak of the submm source FIR4 of OMC-1 (Mezger, Wink and Zylka 1990) and the mm continuum peak CS3 (Mundy et al. 1986); it also cuts across the red and blue SiO-outflow lobes recently discovered some 5-10″ to either side of FIR4 (Ziurys, Wilson and Mauersberger 1990). It thus seems that the “base” of our large-scale CO jet can be seen as well.

A multisensor electronic traveling aid for the visually impaired

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abimbola M. Jubril ◽  
Segun J. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Edge Detection ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensing ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Wearable Electronic ◽  
Mobility Aid ◽  
Fusion Approach ◽  
Red Line

BACKGROUND: This paper considered the development of a wearable electronic mobility aid. METHODS: The developed system is based on the multisensor fusion approach of detection which combined three techniques, namely: a source of laser light, a camera and an ultrasonic sensor. A red line generating laser source is used to project a straight line and this is captured by the camera. The red line is deformed differently on coming in contact with holes or standing obstacles. The pattern of deformation is then extracted for obstacle and pothole recognition. The visibility of laser light is greatly reduced when the scene is extremely illuminated, so this is complemented with edge detection. The edge detection uses edges in the identification of holes and obstacles. This is combined with ultrasonic sensing, so that the presence of obstacles can be differentiated from that of holes. The outcome of detection and the distance of obstacles from the blind are relayed via an audio cue. REDULTS: Its evaluation showed better performance compared to the guide cane. It showed a reduction in collision rate by 83.25% and reduction in falling rate by 84.62%. The device received good acceptability from the users.

A Study on the Averaged Visual Evoked Potential as a Correlate of Experience

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Holt-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Vertical Straight Line ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Fixation Area ◽  
Visual Evoked

The averaged visual evoked potentials of 5 subjects were recorded during perception of a tachistoscopically presented stationary, vertical straight line. The subjects had been trained to experience movement of the stimulus, i.e., on each exposure of the straight line they experienced it as lengthening from the fixation area to full length and then shortening back to the fixation area. Subjects' frequencies of experience (duration of perception expressed in Hertz) were 2.4, 2.2, 2.4, 1.6, and 1.7, respectively. For 3 of the 5 subjects the averaged visual evoked potential contained an oscillation at a frequency similar to the subject's frequency of experience.

Duration of Experienced Lengthening and Shortening of Straight Lines

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 987-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Holt-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Full Length ◽  
Short Line ◽  
Working Hypothesis ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Red Line

The stimulus was a vertical, straight, red line which for 60 msec. was projected onto a medium grey screen 2 m. from S. In Exp. I the line was 8.5 cm. long and 2 mm. wide; in Exp. II the line was 17 cm. long and 2 mm. wide. Fixating the nethermost point of the short and long lines, respectively, Ss reported experiencing the line as lengthening from the point of fixation to full length and then shortening to the point of fixation. Ss' durations of experienced lengthening-shortening were measured (in msec.). For a given S the durations of lengthening-shortening of the 8.5-cm. line and the 17-cm. line were identical. Ss reported that the velocity of the experienced movement (lengthening-shortening) of the long line was greater than that of the short line. When 12 Ss were retested from 6 to 8 mo. later, their durations remained constant. Barbiturate caused a significant increase in durations of lengthening-shortening. This is consistent with the notion that the source of experienced lengthening-shortening is to be found in cortical brain processes. An electronic explanation of the experienced movement as a working hypothesis is offered.

Structuring, Motions and Shapes of Corona Emission Line Profiles

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
N. F. Tyagun
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Filling Factor ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Coronal Plasma ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Yellow Line ◽  
Red Line

AbstractThe interrelationship of half-widths and intensities for the red, green and yellow lines is considered. This is a direct relationship for the green and yellow line and an inverse one for the red line. The difference in the relationships of half-widths and intensities for different lines appears to be due to substantially dissimilar structuring and to a set of line-of-sight motions in ”hot“ and ”cold“ corona regions.When diagnosing the coronal plasma, one cannot neglect the filling factor - each line has such a factor of its own.

Microdensitometer—computer correlation analysis of ultrastructural periodicity

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
D.R. Ensor ◽  
C.G. Jensen ◽  
J.A. Fillery ◽  
R.J.K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Screw Thread ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Computer Storage ◽  
Correlation Process ◽  
Electron Microscope Image ◽  
Fixed Beam

Because periodicity is a major indicator of structural organisation numerous methods have been devised to demonstrate periodicity masked by background “noise” in the electron microscope image (e.g. photographic image reinforcement, Markham et al, 1964; optical diffraction techniques, Horne, 1977; McIntosh,1974). Computer correlation analysis of a densitometer tracing provides another means of minimising "noise". The correlation process uncovers periodic information by cancelling random elements. The technique is easily executed, the results are readily interpreted and the computer removes tedium, lends accuracy and assists in impartiality.A scanning densitometer was adapted to allow computer control of the scan and to give direct computer storage of the data. A photographic transparency of the image to be scanned is mounted on a stage coupled directly to an accurate screw thread driven by a stepping motor. The stage is moved so that the fixed beam of the densitometer (which is directed normal to the transparency) traces a straight line along the structure of interest in the image.

Freeze fracture imaging and computer simulation of liposome structure: Membrane geometry and defects

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Zasadzinski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Closed Surfaces ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Concentric Spheres ◽  
Membrane Geometry ◽  
Dupin Cyclides ◽  
Limiting Case

At low weight fractions, many surfactant and biological amphiphiles form dispersions of lamellar liquid crystalline liposomes in water. Amphiphile molecules tend to align themselves in parallel bilayers which are free to bend. Bilayers must form closed surfaces to separate hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains completely. Continuum theory of liquid crystals requires that the constant spacing of bilayer surfaces be maintained except at singularities of no more than line extent. Maxwell demonstrated that only two types of closed surfaces can satisfy this constraint: concentric spheres and Dupin cyclides. Dupin cyclides (Figure 1) are parallel closed surfaces which have a conjugate ellipse (r1) and hyperbola (r2) as singularities in the bilayer spacing. Any straight line drawn from a point on the ellipse to a point on the hyperbola is normal to every surface it intersects (broken lines in Figure 1). A simple example, and limiting case, is a family of concentric tori (Figure 1b).To distinguish between the allowable arrangements, freeze fracture TEM micrographs of representative biological (L-α phosphotidylcholine: L-α PC) and surfactant (sodium heptylnonyl benzenesulfonate: SHBS)liposomes are compared to mathematically derived sections of Dupin cyclides and concentric spheres.

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