Temporal Patterns of the Use of Non-Prescribed Drugs

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1239-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Robert Sinnett ◽  
Jeff B. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Tv Watching ◽  
Recreational Use

Licit and illicit non-prescribed drugs, regardless of their classification, are used in a common temporal pattern with the possible exceptions of caffeine and cocaine. The temporal patterns of drug use are highly correlated with the nationwide temporal pattern of TV watching, suggesting a pleasure-oriented, recreational use. The peak times for substance use and abuse may have implications for the delivery of professional or paraprofessional services.

Drug Use by Pregnant Women

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Fentiman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse ◽  
Weak Evidence

This chapter examines the use of drugs—both legal and illegal–by pregnant women, noting increased medical and legal supervision of pregnancy and women’s substance use and abuse. Many states require health care professionals to report pregnant women who admit to, or are suspected of, using alcohol or other drugs. The result can be involuntary detention commitment for “treatment.” Women have been prosecuted for homicide after they suffer a stillbirth despite weak evidence that the stillbirth was caused by drug use. Prosecution of these women is counterproductive, because it drives pregnant drug users underground, away from both prenatal care and drug treatment.

A Primer on Substance Use and Islam

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Mitchell Brent Mackinem ◽  
Christi Sporl
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Single Variable ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Specific Country

There is a paucity of research on the rates of alcohol and drug use among Muslim peoples. Many of the publications on substance use and abuse among Muslims tend to focus on the Qur'an's explicit prohibition against the use of mood-altering substances. Epidemiological studies of use, if they show lower use in a specific country, tend to ascribe the lower rates of use to the religious prohibitions is Islam. Such models are overly simplistic in that the perceived outcome is ascribed to a single variable: religion. This chapter will explore the value of the ecological model of substance use/abuse in understanding, assessing, and treating Muslim clients. The ecological model helps move Muslims from a unidimensional characterization to a fuller and nuanced understanding.

Temporal Patterns of Drug Use—A Pilot Study

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Robert Sinnett
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Pilot Data ◽  
Recreational Use

Examination of pilot data for classes of drugs showed significant coefficients of concordance for ranked times of most common to least common use. Marijuana, psychedelics, and amphetamines were used most commonly from 6 to 10 p.m., coincidental with temporal patterns for viewing television suggests recreational use. Use times for caffeine were completely different.

Temporal Patterns of Alcohol Use by Alcoholics

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Albott ◽  
E. Robert Sinnett ◽  
N. Boneff ◽  
K. Gregoire ◽  
K. Hines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Common Time

Examination of data gathered from 21 hospitalized alcoholics regarding rank order of time intervals for use (most common to least common) of alcohol showed a significant correspondence to the temporal pattern for drug use in young polydrug users ( rho = .943). The most common time for use was 6 PM to 10 PM.

Cannabis use in Switzerland: The role of attribution of drug use to friends, urbanization and repression 1The study was supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (Bundesamt für Gesundheit BAG) Grant 316.96.5980.

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Model ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
Hbsc Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Individual Use

Cannabis use does not show homogeneous patterns in a country. In particular, urbanization appears to influence prevalence rates, with higher rates in urban areas. A hierarchical linear model (HLM) was employed to analyze these structural influences on individuals in Switzerland. Data for this analysis were taken from the Switzerland survey of Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study, the most recent survey to assess drug use in a nationally representative sample of 3473 15-year-olds. A total of 1487 male and 1620 female students indicated their cannabis use and their attributions of drug use to friends. As second level variables we included address density in the 26 Swiss Cantons as an indicator of urbanization and officially recorded offences of cannabis use in the Cantons as an indicator of repressive policy. Attribution of drug use to friends is highly correlated with cannabis use. The correlation is even more pronounced in urban Cantons. However, no association between recorded offences and cannabis use was found. The results suggest that structural variables influence individuals. Living in an urban area effects the attribution of drug use to friends. On the other hand repressive policy does not affect individual use.

Substance Use Portrayal in Oscar-nominated Movies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia ◽  
Felipe Gil ◽  
Antonio Ventriglio ◽  
Julio Torales ◽  
Ligia Florio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Media Content Analysis ◽  
Monitoring Drug ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
Gender Convergence

Background: As one of the forms of media and art most consumed in the world, Oscar-nominated movies should have their drug use representation monitored because of possibly influencing but also reflecting society’s behavior. Objective: To investigate drug use representation in scenes from movies nominated for the Academy Awards (Oscar) from 2008-2011, through media content analysis. Methods: 437 scenes from Oscar-nominated movies (best film, best actor and best actress categories) showing drug consumption and/or its effects were assessed. Each drug represented and identified in a given scene (i.e., drug use incident) was counted as a unit for the present study (n = 515). Survey settings were used to control for over- or under-estimation of the prevalence of a variable in a given year or movie. Results: All the Oscar-nominated movies portrayed at least one scene of drug use. There was a massive predominance of alcohol and tobacco in movies, with a high use among men who also use drugs, habitually or occasionally, but related to stress/tension, predominantly at home. However, there was a significant progressive increase in the use of drugs other than alcohol and tobacco, multiple drugs, and by women. Conclusion: These findings echo epidemiological studies on substance use in western countries, an overall trend towards greater home drug use representation and gender convergence since 1970, which increased since 2000. Monitoring drug use representation in Oscar-nominated movies may represent an important public health tool.

A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Substance Use

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Fred A. Rogosch
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Developmental Systems ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse ◽  
Successful Resolution

In this chapter, a developmental psychopathology conceptualization of child maltreatment is presented as an overarching heuristic with relevance for understanding the development of alcohol and substance use and abuse. This chapter also provides illustrations from research on how child maltreatment contributes to problem substance use in adolescence. Child maltreatment represents an extreme failure of the caregiving environment to provide many of the expectable experiences necessary to facilitate normal developmental processes. Maltreatment ushers in a probabilistic epigenesis for children characterized by an increased likelihood of failure and disruption in the successful resolution of major developmental tasks. These repeated disruptions lead to compromised developmental organizations of diverse developmental systems that increase the probability of the emergence of maladaptation, psychopathology, and substance abuse as negative transactions between the child and the environment ensue. Person-centered personality organizations and genetic moderation of maltreatment risk on substance use outcomes are also highlighted.

Does the Presence of On-Site Medical Services at Outdoor Music Festivals Affect Attendees’ Planned Alcohol and Recreational Drug Use?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Alison Hutton ◽  
Matthew Brendan Munn ◽  
Sydney White ◽  
Peter Kara ◽  
Jamie Ranse
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Recreational Drug ◽  
Recreational Drugs ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
Recreational Drug Use

Abstract Background: Dedicated on-site medical services have long been recommended to improve health outcomes at mass-gathering events (MGEs). In many countries, they are being reviewed as a mandatory requirement. While it is known that perceptions of risk shape substance use plans amongst outdoor music festival (OMF) attendees, it is unclear if attendees perceive the presence of on-site medical services as a part of the safety net. The aim of this paper is to better understand whether attendees’ perceptions of on-site medical services influence high-risk behaviors like alcohol and recreational drug use at OMFs. Method: A questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of attendees entering and attending two separate 20,000-person OMFs; one in Canada (Festival A) and one in New Zealand (Festival B). Responses focused on demographics, planned alcohol and recreational drug use, perceptions of medical services, and whether the absence of medical services would impact attendees’ planned substance use. Results: A total of 851 (587 and 264 attendees for Festival A and Festival B, respectively) attendees consented and participated. Gender distribution was equal and average ages were 23 to 25. At Festival A, 48% and 89% planned to use alcohol and recreational drugs, respectively, whereas at Festival B, it was 92% and 44%. A great majority were aware and supportive of the presence of medical services at both festivals, and a moderate number considered them a factor in attendance and something they would not attend without. There was significant (>10%) agreement (range 11%-46%; or 2,200-9,200 attendees for a 20,000-person festival) at both festivals that the absence of medical services would affect attendees’ planned use of alcohol and recreational drugs. Conclusions: This study found that attendees surveyed at two geographically and musically distinct OMFs had high but differing rates of planned alcohol and recreational drug use, and that the presence of on-site medical services may impact attendees’ perceptions of substance use risk. Future research will aim to address the limitations of this study to clarify these findings and their implications.

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