Relation of Eye Movements to Errors on the Rod-and-Frame Test

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Blowers ◽  
K. P. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Large Error ◽  
Small Error ◽  
Attention Model ◽  
Number Magnitude ◽  
Performance Frame ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

By a selective-attention model of rod-and-frame test performance frame-independent (small error) subjects are better able than frame-dependent (large error) subjects to select out relevant cues (the rod) while suppressing irrelevant ones (the frame). However, certain clinical studies have implied that smaller errors can be obtained by employing eye-movement strategies that ignore rather than actively suppress irrelevant cues. In this study the number, magnitude, and rate of eye movements were measured in 15 subjects actively engaged in the test. While no discernible relationship of these variables to test errors was determined for frame-dependent subjects, significant negative correlations of rate and magnitude of movement with errors were demonstrated for frame-independent subjects. Group differences were observed in number and magnitude of eye movements. These findings are discussed as support for the hypothesis of selective attention.

Relationship of Rod-And-Frame Test Performance to two Dimensions of the Personality Assessment System

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-752
Author(s):  
Harry Frank ◽  
Randy Tubbs
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

It was hypothesized that performance on the rod-and-frame test taps primitive level Externalizer-lnternalizer and Regulated-Flexible functioning as conceptualized in Gittinger's Personality Assessment System. Four criterion groups (primitive Flexible Externalizers, Flexible Internalizers, Regulated Externalizers, and Regulated Internalizers), each of which included 8 Ss, were defined by configural nomethetic scores on the Block Design and Digit Span subtests of the WAIS. A two-way analysis of variance indicated that rod-and-frame test scores were significantly related to primitive Externalizer-lnternalizer (p < .005) and to primitive Regulated-Flexible (p < .05) tendencies. Discussion considers personality correlates of WAIS performance and the construct validity of field dependence-independence.

Instructions, Illusory Self-Tilt and the Rod-and-Frame Test

1979 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Sigman ◽  
Donald R. Goodenough ◽  
Michael Flannagan
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Midline ◽  
Adjustment Error ◽  
Gravitational Vertical ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

If an illusion of self-tilt is involved in rod-and-frame test performance, then instructions to adjust the rod to the body midline (egocentric instructions) should result in less rod adjustment error than the standard instructions for the rod-and-frame test to adjust the rod to the gravitational vertical. Two experiments were designed to examine this possibility. The results of the first experiment indicate that the tilted rod-and-frame display induces an illusion of self-tilt in the opposite direction. Significant differences between instructional conditions were found in the second experiment as expected. Other rod-and-frame studies are discussed in view of these findings.

Measurement of Rod-and-Frame Test Performance

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Allen ◽  
Marta Garcia ◽  
Linda Banerdt Bealessio
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Frame Effect ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Data from 50 male and 50 female adult volunteers were analyzed for reliability and validity of three alternative scoring systems for the Rod and Frame Test, an absolute scoring system and two alternative algebraic scoring systems. Subjects took the Rod and Frame Test, Portable Rod and Frame Test, and the Embedded Figures Test. Absolute and algebraic frame-effect scores were reliable and valid. Rod-effect algebraic scores were less reliable and valid. Correlations were higher for females and correlations with the Embedded Figures Test were so low that the interchangeability of these field articulation measures is questionable.

The Rod-and-Frame Test: Further Comments on Methodology

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 624-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Long
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Illumination Level ◽  
Constant E ◽  
Low Illumination ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame ◽  
Room Lighting

Two variables significantly affected Rod-and-frame Test performance. Low illumination level gave significantly larger RFT scores than “normal” room lighting. S-paced RFT trials during which the rate of rod rotation was determined by S‘s rate of responding yielded lower RFT scores than constant E-paced trials. Possible interpretations of data were briefly discussed as well as important implications for numerous investigations that have compared distributions of RFT scores across studies.

Young Children's Rod-and-Frame Test Performance

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Haywood ◽  
Janet Teeple ◽  
Michael Givens ◽  
Judy Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Developmental Trend ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Frame Tilt ◽  
Order Of Presentation ◽  
Direction Opposite ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Research on children's performance on the Witkin Rod-and-frame Test has suggested that children rely heavily on contextual cues in perceiving verticality but that this reliance decreases with age. In the present study this developmental trend in children younger than those previously tested was studied. The effect on performance of the conventional practice of tilting subjects in a chair which rotates about a seat axis, thus displacing the head away from the stimulus, was also studied. After a short training session 14 boys and 11 girls, 4.70 to 10.95 yr. old, were given 12 trials of the standard test while tilted about a seat axis and, on another day, 12 trials while tilted about a head axis. Although the axis of tilt and the order of presentation were nonsignificant, data tended to confirm the existence of a developmental trend in young children. An alternate scoring procedure to investigate errors in the direction opposite frame-tilt indicated that the initial tilt of the rod relative to the frame significantly affects the accuracy of judgments of the vertical.

Rate of Optokinetic Nystagmus to the Left and Right and Performance on the Portable Rod and Frame Test

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male College ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Deviations from the true vertical on the Rod and Frame Test were studied in relation to optokinetic nystagmus response during varied mental activities in 14 right-handed male college students. Judgment of the vertical was more accurate for 7 subjects whose frequency of optokinetic nystagmus was high or low in both directions than for those 7 whose optokinetic nystagmus frequency was high in one direction and low in the other. Asymmetries in the degree to which subjects' optokinetic nystagmus frequency was raised during periods when they were instructed to perform presumed left-hemisphere mental tasks were related to asymmetries in their Rod and Frame Test performance.

Scoring Rod-and-Frame Tests: Quantitative and Qualitative Considerations

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Haller ◽  
Eugene S. Edgington
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Fortran Program ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Computer Scoring ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Inconsistent Responding ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

An examination of current scoring procedures on the rod-and-frame test showed that these procedures depend on unrealistic assumptions about subjects' performance on the rod-and-frame test. A more general scoring procedure with more realistic assumptions was outlined and illustrated. Like the 1974 Nyborg procedure, this one (a) corrects for constant error, an error unrelated to current concepts of field dependence, (b) is sensitive to a subject's response strategy and choice of cues, i.e., a subject's qualitative aspects of rod-and-frame test performance, and (c) discriminates consistent from inconsistent responding. However, unlike Nyborg's procedure, this one also expresses field dependence relative to maximal field dependence given a subject's response strategy and choice of cue and utilizes all available information. This procedure is useful for the investigation of qualitative and quantitative aspects of rod-and-frame test performance and individual differences in laterality bias as defined by a constant error. Since this scoring procedure relies on computer scoring, a FORTRAN program has been made available.

Field Dependence and Distraction in a Simple Psychomotor Task with a Constant Foreperiod

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1239-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey H. Blowers
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Rod-and-frame errors are thought to reflect differential abilities in selective attention. For this reason a study of the relationship of field dependence to distraction should involve Ss whose field-dependence scores have been determined specifically by the rod-and-frame test. It is thought that discrepancies in the results of previous work might be accounted for by lack of consistent use of these scores. The present study involved distraction in a simple reaction-time paradigm using 10 field-dependent and 10 field-independent Ss. There was no correlation between distraction and field dependence although it may be that a larger difference in field-dependence scores between groups is required to detect differences in susceptibility to distraction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document