Using Spanish as the Language of Instruction with Mexican-American Head Start Children: A Re-Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa K. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Head Start Children

Data from an earlier study of a cognitively-based English-language training program for 67 Mexican-American Head Start children were re-analyzed using meta-analysis. A comparison of posttest and follow-up test results on various instruments showed that the use of Spanish as the language of instruction resulted in larger effect sizes than did the use of English, both languages, or a control treatment using arts, crafts, and music activities. Recently expressed doubts about the efficacy of beginning instruction in non-English speakers' native languages are questioned.

scholarly journals A call to action for delirium research: Meta-analysis and regression of delirium associated mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
May Zin Aung Thein ◽  
Jarett V. Pereira ◽  
Anita Nitchingham ◽  
Gideon A. Caplan
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Elderly Inpatients ◽  
Registration Number

Abstract Background Delirium is an extremely common hospital complication. No study to date has assessed whether a priori defined covariates; type of hospital setting and year of study publication, influence the relationship between delirium and mortality. This is also the first study to examine the longitudinal trend of delirium-associated mortality over recent decades, to analyse the trajectory of our efforts in combating this disease. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO, were searched from January 1981 to May 2018 for English-language primary articles. Rigorous title and abstract screen and full-text screen were conducted independently by two reviewers. This paper adhered to MOOSE guidelines. Data was extracted independently by one reviewer using standardised data-collection sheets, with a separate reviewer verifying for accuracy. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Unadjusted effect sizes and event counts were analysed with a random effects model in primary meta-analysis and meta-regression, whereas a mixed effect model was used in secondary sub-group analysis. Mortality data at longest follow-up and cumulative mortality (hospital mortality combined with mortality at longest follow-up) data were analysed. Results As part of a larger project, 446 of 6790 articles were retrieved, including 71 studies that measured mortality. Our results demonstrate that elderly inpatients with delirium had significantly greater odds of mortality (OR 3.18 [95%CI: 2.73, 3.70]) compared to non-delirious controls. Patients with delirium in the ICU had the highest odds for mortality (OR: 7.09 [95%CI: 3.60, 14.0]); double the risk compared to the average. Curiously, despite advancements in delirium research, delirium associated in-hospital odds of mortality has not changed in 30 years. Conclusion This is the largest meta-analysis to confirm the association between delirium and mortality, in older (age ≥ 65) hospital inpatients. The current meta-analysis highlights the significant odds of mortality after an episode of delirium, and these odds are much higher for ICU patients. However, in contrast to other medical conditions that have seen a decrease in associated mortality over the past few decades, delirium associated mortality remains unchanged. These findings underscore the urgent need for better delirium treatments. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42018098627, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=98627

Quick Socio-Emotional Screening of Mexican-American and Other Ethnic Head Start Children

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Roberto Flores De Apodaca ◽  
Bonnie Lowenthal ◽  
Nancy Linden ◽  
Alan S. Lowenthal
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Head Start Children

scholarly journals Are digital technology interventions effective to reduce loneliness in older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ghulam Sarwar Shah ◽  
David Nogueras ◽  
Hugo Cornelis van Woerden ◽  
Vasiliki Kiparoglou
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Objective: To review the latest literature on the effectiveness of DTIs in reducing loneliness in (older) adults. Data Sources: Electronic searches in PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science covering publication period from 1 January 2010 to 31 July 2019. Subjects: Adult men and women Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis Main Outcome Measure: Loneliness. Study Selection: Primary studies that used DTIs for tackling loneliness in adults (aged ≥18 years) with follow-up measurements at least three months or more and publication in the English language. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Two researchers independently screened articles and extracted data on several variables: participants, interventions, comparators and outcomes. Data was extracted on the primary outcome i.e. loneliness measured at the baseline and follow-up measurements at three, four, six and twelve months after the intervention. Results: Six studies were selected from 4939 articles screened. Selected studies included 5 clinical trials (4 RCTs and 1 quasi experimental study) and one before and after study, which enrolled 646 participants (men =154 (24%), women =427 (66%), no gender information =65 (10%) with average age between 73 and 78 years (SD 6-11). Five clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis and standardised mean differences (SMD) were calculated for each trial and pooled across studies using a random effects model. The overall effect estimates were not statistically significant in follow-up measurements at three months (SMD= 0.02, 95% CI= -0.36, 0.40; P=0.92), four months (SMDs= -1.11, 95% CI= -2.60, 0.38; P=0.14) and six months (SMD= -0.11, 95% CI= -0.54, 0.32; P=0.61). The quality of evidence was very low to moderate in these trials. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to make conclusions that DTIs are effective in reducing loneliness in older adults. Future research may consider RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer duration of interventions and follow-up.

scholarly journals Provision of Bilingual Dispensing Labels to Non-Native English Speakers: An Exploratory Study

Pharmacy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Helena Herrera ◽  
Murtada Alsaif ◽  
Ghalib Khan ◽  
Nicola Barnes ◽  
Paul Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Third Party ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Labelling Information ◽  
Medicine Administration

Patients with limited English proficiency living in the U.K. receive prescribed medication labels in English. These patients are at risk of worse health outcomes compared with the general population. This article describes a service evaluation of the use of bilingual dispensing labels to facilitate patient understanding of medicine administration instructions. Recruited patients answered two questionnaires to assess engagement with and understanding of their medicine labels. The first was completed at the point of dispensing, and the second within six weeks. Questionnaires were either self-completed or via facilitation over the telephone. A total of 151 participants completed the first questionnaire, and 130 completed the follow-up. Key findings highlighted the lack of engagement by participants with English-language labels and their reliance on asking for help from pharmacy staff, friends, or family to understand the information. However, when provided with information in their preferred language, they reported high levels of understanding and sought help less frequently from a third party. This study has shown that this service has improved understanding of labelling information in this target group.

Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Clare Harris ◽  
Brian Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
English Language ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mortality Ratio

BackgroundMental disorders have a strong association with suicide. This meta-analysis, or statistical overview, of the literature gives an estimate of the suicide risk of the common mental disorders.MethodWe searched the medical literature to find reports on the mortality of mental disorders. English language reports were located on MEDLINE (1966–1993) with the search terms mental disorders', ‘brain injury’, ‘eating disorders’, ‘epilepsy’, ‘suicide attempt’, ‘psychosurgery’, with ‘mortality’ and ‘follow-up studies’, and from the reference lists of these reports. We abstracted 249 reports with two years or more follow-up and less than 10% loss of subjects, and compared observed numbers of suicides with those expected. A standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated for each disorder.ResultsOf 44 disorders considered, 36 have a significantly raised SMR for suicide, five have a raised SMR which fails to reach significance, one SMR is not raised and for two entries the SMR could not be calculated.ConclusionsIf these results can be generalised then virtually all mental disorders have an increased risk of suicide excepting mental retardation and dementia. The suicide risk is highest for functional and lowest for organic disorders with substance misuse disorders lying between. However, within these broad groupings the suicide risk varies widely.

Lateral versus vertical hemispheric disconnection for epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Massimo Cossu ◽  
Michele Nichelatti ◽  
Alessandro De Benedictis ◽  
Michele Rizzi
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Outcome Analysis ◽  
Seizure Outcome ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects

OBJECTIVE Lateral periinsular hemispherotomy (LPH) and vertical parasagittal hemispherotomy (VPH) are the most popular disconnective techniques for intractable epilepsies associated with unilateral hemispheric pathologies. The authors aimed to investigate possible differences in seizure outcome and complication rates between patients who underwent LPH and VPH. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Embase identified English-language articles published from database inception to December 2019 that reported series (minimum 12 patients with follow-up ≥ 12 months) on either LPH or VPH. Pooled rates of seizure freedom and complications (with a particular focus on hydrocephalus) were analyzed using meta-analysis to calculate both fixed and random effects. Heterogeneity (Cochran’s Q test) and inconsistency (fraction of Q due to actual heterogeneity) were also calculated. RESULTS Twenty-five studies were included. Data from 825 patients were available for seizure outcome analysis (583 underwent LPH and 242 underwent VPH), and data from 692 patients were available for complication analysis (453 underwent LPH and 239 underwent VPH). No differences were found in the pooled rates of Engel class I seizure outcome between patients who underwent LPH (80.02% and 79.44% with fixed and random effects, respectively) and VPH (79.89% and 80.69% with fixed and random effects, respectively) (p = 0.953). No differences were observed in the pooled rates of shunted hydrocephalus between patients who underwent LPH (11.34% and 10.63% with fixed and random effects, respectively) and VPH (11.07% and 9.98% with fixed and random effects, respectively) (p = 0.898). Significant heterogeneity and moderate inconsistency were determined for hydrocephalus occurrence in patients who underwent both LPH and VPH. CONCLUSIONS LPH and VPH techniques present similar excellent seizure outcomes, with comparable and acceptable safety profiles.

A meta-analysis of tumor control rates and treatment-related morbidity for patients with glomus jugulare tumors

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 1299-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Ivan ◽  
Michael E. Sughrue ◽  
Aaron J. Clark ◽  
Ari J. Kane ◽  
Derick Aranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cranial Neuropathy ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Tumor Control Rate ◽  
Glomus Jugulare

Object Because of the rarity of glomus jugulare tumors, a variety of treatment paradigms are currently used. There is no consensus regarding the optimal management to control tumor burden while minimizing treatment-related morbidity. In this study, the authors assessed data collected from 869 patients with glomus jugulare tumors from the published literature to identify treatment variables that impacted clinical outcomes and tumor control rates. Methods A comprehensive search of the English-language literature identified 109 studies that collectively described outcomes for patients with glomus jugulare tumors. Univariate comparisons of demographic information between treatment cohorts were performed to detect differences in the sex distribution, age, and Fisch class of tumors among various treatment modalities. Meta-analyses were performed on calculated rates of recurrence and cranial neuropathy after subtotal resection (STR), gross-total resection (GTR), STR with adjuvant postoperative radiosurgery (STR+SRS), and stereotactic radiosurgery alone (SRS). Results The authors identified 869 patients who met their inclusion criteria. In these studies, the length of follow-up ranged from 6 to 256 months. Patients treated with STR were observed for 72 ± 7.9 months and had a tumor control rate of 69% (95% CI 57%–82%). Those who underwent GTR had a follow-up of 88 ± 5.0 months and a tumor control rate of 86% (95% CI 81%–91%). Those treated with STR+SRS were observed for 96 ± 4.4 months and had a tumor control rate of 71% (95% CI 53%–83%). Patients undergoing SRS alone had a follow-up of 71 ± 4.9 months and a tumor control rate of 95% (95% CI 92%–99%). The authors' analysis found that patients undergoing SRS had the lowest rates of recurrence of these 4 cohorts, and therefore, these patients experienced the most favorable rates of tumor control (p < 0.01). Patients who underwent GTR sustained worse rates of cranial nerve (CN) deficits with regard to CNs IX–XI than those who underwent SRS alone; however, the rates of CN XII deficits were comparable. Conclusions The authors' analysis is limited by the quality and accuracy of these studies and may reflect source study biases, as it is impossible to control for the quality of the data reported in the literature. Finally, due to the diverse range of data presentation, the authors found that they were limited in their ability to study and control for certain variables. Some of these limitations should be minimized with their use of meta-analysis methods, which statistically evaluate and adjust for between-study heterogeneity. These results provide the impetus to initiate a prospective study, appropriately controlling for variables that can confound the retrospective analyses that largely comprise the existing literature.

Effect of raloxifene therapy on venous thromboembolism in postmenopausal women: A meta-analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (02) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurga Adomaityte ◽  
Maria Farooq ◽  
Rehan Qayyum
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Receptor Modulator ◽  
Prevention Of Osteoporosis

SummaryRaloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is indicated for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, its effect on the risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) is unclear. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of raloxifene on these outcomes. To identify randomized controlled trials of raloxifene, a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Collaboration databases was performed from the date of inception of these databases to October 2007. Search was limited to trials that were published in peer-reviewed English-language medical journals. Articles were included in the meta-analysis if they had reported on DVT, PE, or thromboembolic events. Nine trials, including 24,523 postmenopausal women, (median age 59.4 years, range 55 to 67 years; median follow-up 24 months, range 3 to 67 months) met inclusion criteria. Therapy with raloxifene was associated with a 62% increase in odds of either DVT or PE (odds ratio = 1.62; 95% confidence interval = 1.25 to 2.09; p-value < 0.001). Similarly, raloxifene therapy was associated with 54% increase in odds of DVT (odds ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval = 1.13 to 2.11; p-value = 0.006) and 91% increase in odds of PE alone (odds ratio = 1.91;95% confidence interval = 1.05 to 3.47; p-value = 0.03). Raloxifene increases the risk of DVT and PE in postmenopausal women.

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