Effect of Stimulus Pulse Duration and Interstimulus Interval on Cross-Modal Matching of Auditory and Lingual Vibrotactile Stimuli

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1079-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Daniel Harris ◽  
Linda Petrosino
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulus ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Stimulus Pulse ◽  
Regression Effect ◽  
Psychophysical Scaling ◽  
Interstimulus Intervals ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Cross-modal matching functions for eight intensity levels of a 1000-Hz auditory stimulus and a 250-Hz lingual vibrotactile stimulus were obtained for two groups of subjects. Group 1 adjusted the vibrotactile stimulus to match the auditory stimulus, and Group 2 adjusted the auditory stimulus to match the vibrotactile stimulus. Stimulus-pulse durations and interstimulus intervals were varied over six experimental conditions for both groups. The variations in stimulus-pulse durations and interstimulus intervals had no appreciable effect on mean matching-function exponents for the two groups. A possible regression effect consistent with data from other psychophysical scaling studies was noted for matching functions of the two stimuli.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bite Force in Patients After Treatment of Mandibular Fractures With 3-Dimensional Locking Miniplate and Standard Miniplates

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Gaurav Singh ◽  
Madan Mishra ◽  
Amit Gaur ◽  
Dhritiman Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Drilling Conditions ◽  
Group 1

Background: Fractures of the mandible can be studied and described in anatomic terms, functional considerations, treatment strategies, and outcome measures. The performance of any fixation system depends on multiple factors including plate adaptation, screw placement, bone quality, drilling conditions, and postoperative patient compliance. Bite force assesses masticatory muscle function under clinical and experimental conditions. Method: 30 patients with isolated, noncomminuted mandibular fractures were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group 1 patients were treated using 3-dimensional locking miniplates and group 2 patients were treated with standard miniplates. The bite forces were recorded at definite time intervals: preoperatively, and second week, sixth week, third month, and sixth month postoperatively. Result: At 6 weeks postoperative, 3 month postoperative, and 6 month postoperative, the mean bite force was found to be significantly higher among group 1 patients as compared to those in group 2 in all the sites. While at 2 week postoperative, the mean bite force was found to be significantly higher in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 at incisor region. Conclusion: The overall results of the present study show better performance in bite force for the 3-dimensional locking miniplate when compared with standard miniplates.

Effects of Exposure to Psychophysical Scaling on Lingual Vibrotactile Magnitude Estimation and Magnitude Production

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Daniel Harris ◽  
Elise Mc Math ◽  
Linda Petrosino
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Magnitude Production ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Psychophysical Scaling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scaling Methods ◽  
Production Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of the present study was to determine if the results obtained by the scaling methods of magnitude estimation and magnitude production could be influenced by providing subjects with prior exposure to psychophysical scaling in the form of magnitude estimation or magnitude production. Group 1 ( n = 10, Mage = 21.1 yr.) performed lingual vibrotactile-magnitude estimation followed by lingual vibrotactile magnitude production. Group 2 ( n = 10, Mage = 19.7 yr.) performed lingual vibrotactile-magnitude production (using the magnitude-estimation responses provided by Group 1), followed by lingual vibrotactile-magnitude estimation. For the magnitude estimations there was no over-all statistically significant difference between the two groups, but there was for the magnitude-production values. Magnitude-estimation scaling was apparently not influenced by prior exposure to magnitude production, while magnitude-production scaling was influenced by prior exposure to magnitude estimation. The results are discussed in terms of how subjective scaling behavior in psychophysical experimentation may be influenced by the interaction between an absolute internal scaling mechanism and parameters set by the experimenter, such as scaling method and range of stimulus intensity.

Cross Modal Generalization in Conditioned Galvanic Skin Response Audiometry

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne G. Cann
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sensory Mode ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Skin Responses ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Galvanic Skin Responses ◽  
Group 1

Four groups of ten university students with normal hearing were conditioned using GSR audiometry. Group 1 was conditioned to a 40 dB 250 Hz air-conducted auditory stimulus followed by 25 extinction trials of the same stimulus. Group 2 was conditioned to the same air-conducted auditory stimulus followed by 25 extinction trials of a 40 dB 250 Hz vibrotactual stimulus generated by a bone transducer. Group 3 was conditioned to the vibrotactual stimulus followed by 25 extinction trials of the same auditory stimulus. Group 4 was conditioned to the vibrotactual stimulus followed by 25 extinction trials of the same vibrotactual stimulus. Conditioning across sensory modes, as measured by the number of galvanic skin responses during the extinction trials, occurred at a level almost as high as conditioning and extinction in the same sensory mode.

scholarly journals Some Evidence for Colour-Blindness in Octopus

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
J. B. MESSENGER ◽  
A. P. WILSON ◽  
A. HEDGE
Keyword(s):  
Visual Response ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Light Blue ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Special Apparatus ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dark Blue ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Group 1

1. Groups of O. vulgaris were trained successively to make brightness and hue discriminations with painted vertical rectangles. These were of approximately the same physical intensity and were equally preferred. 2. Using one-cue discrimination training we found that (a) Seven octopuses that discriminated between dark blue and light blue did not discriminate between dark blue and dark red shapes. (b) Nine octopuses that discriminated between light red and black did not discriminate between light red and light green shapes. (c) Fifteen octopuses that discriminated between medium green and light green did not discriminate between medium green and medium blue shapes. All these octopuses later discriminated between black and white shapes. 3. Another group of octopuses was trained with two cues, one or both of which were relevant. The cues used were brightness (dark or light) and hue (blue or green). (a) Group 1 (N = 14) discriminated between dark and light shapes where hue was irrelevant. (b) Group 2 (N = 14) discriminated between dark blue and light green shapes. (c) Group 3 (N = 14) failed to discriminate between blue and green shapes where brightness was irrelevant. Overall the scores of Groups 1 and 2 did not differ significantly. 4. Thus under experimental conditions where octopuses rapidly learned to make brightness discriminations they did not learn discriminations based on hue alone; even if colour is perceived, it seems a relatively unimportant cue for this animal. 5. Another group of octopuses (N = 10) was tested, in a special apparatus, for nystagmus and optomotor responses. 6. Such responses were always given when stripes of different brightness moved relative to the retina, but when stripes of the same subjective brightness but different hue moved across the eyes they rarely occurred. Such occurrences were no more frequent than the responses given to a plain grey background. 7. Similar results were obtained under conditions of illumination ranging from less than 1 lux to 7.5 x 104 lux. 8. The absence of visual response to moving coloured stripes suggests that the failure of octopuses to learn a hue discrimination may be the result of an inherent incapacity at the retinal level. Together with other findings, which are discussed, this strongly suggests that O. vulgaris is colour-blind.

scholarly journals Contributions to the biology of molting and growth of the Longarm river prawn Macrobrachium tenellum (Decapoda: Paleamonidae) in Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yamasaki-Granados ◽  
M. Ruíz-Fregozo ◽  
F. Vega-Villasante ◽  
L.D. Espinosa-Chaurand ◽  
E. Cortés-Jacinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molt Cycle ◽  
Molting Cycle ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Complete Cycle ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Growth And Reproduction ◽  
Group 1

Studies on the molting cycle of Macrobrachium tenellum are not available, which limits the scope of studies of growth and reproduction. The duration of the molt cycle was determined under controlled experimental conditions. The prawns were divided into four groups according to weight: Group 1 (1.0-1.9 g), Group 2 (2.0-2.9 g), Group 3 (3.0-3.9 g), and Group 4 (4.0-9.0 g). The increase in total weight was higher in groups 2 (23.4%) and 3 (20.3%) than in group 1 (~18%) and 4 (~18%). The increase in size after molting among all groups was statistically different: in group 1 it increased 6.1% (highest) and in group 2 it increased 2.2% (lowest). The duration of a complete cycle was 8.9, 9.4, 10.4, and 15.1 days for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The lengths of the molting cycles were not significantly different between groups 1 and 2, but group 4 was different from group 1.

The Effect of Examiner Social Behavior on Children’s Articulation Test Performance

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vocal Imitation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Group 1

Forty-eight first- and second-grade children with /r/ or /s/ errors met with an articulation examiner once a week for three consecutive weeks. During each session, the investigator role-played social behaviors of a supportive examiner (S) or a non-supportive examiner (N) (Relationship Segment) and then administered a Vocal Imitation Task and an imitative Articulation Task (Testing Segment). Subjects were divided into four groups balanced by sex, error sound, grade, and therapy experience. The sequence of experimental conditions for each group was Group 1 (SSS); Group 2 (NNN); Group 3 (SNS); and Group 4 (NSN). Two questions were posed: Do supportive versus nonsupportive examiner social behaviors affect articulation performance? Do differences in examiner social behaviors affect children’s test-retest reliability? No main or interaction effects for the type of examiner behaviors were obtained on either dependent variable. Comparison of the Pearson correlation coefficients for each group indicated that Group 1 obtained the highest temporal reliability, 0.92, while Groups 2, 3, and 4 obtained average coefficients of 0.67, 0.76, and 0.62, respectively. Clinical and theoretical implications of these data point to the value of using intensive designs for further study of interpersonal variables in the clinical process.

Magnitude Estimation and Cross-Modal Matching of Lingual Vibrotactile and Auditory Sensation

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Harris ◽  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Linda Petrosino
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Thenar Eminence ◽  
Stimulus Range ◽  
Psychophysical Scaling ◽  
Scaling Methods ◽  
Response Biases

The present experiment was a preliminary attempt to use the psychophysical scaling methods of magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching to investigate suprathreshold judgments of lingual vibrotactile and auditory sensation magnitudes for 20 normal young adult subjects. A 250-Hz lingual vibrotactile stimulus and a 1000-Hz binaural auditory stimulus were employed. To obtain judgments for nonoral vibrotactile sensory magnitudes, the thenar eminence of the hand was also employed as a test site for 5 additional subjects. Eight stimulus intensities were presented during all experimental tasks. The results showed that the slopes of the log-log vibrotactile magnitude estimation functions decreased at higher stimulus intensity levels for both test sites. Auditory magnitude estimation functions were relatively constant throughout the stimulus range. Cross-modal matching functions for the two stimuli generally agreed with functions predicted from the magnitude estimation data, except when subjects adjusted vibration on the tongue to match auditory stimulus intensities. The results suggested that the methods of magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching may be useful for studying sensory processing in the speech production system. However, systematic investigation of response biases associated with vibrotactile-auditory psychophysical scaling tasks appears to be a prerequisite.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

The influence of continuous local wound infusion on postoperative pain in patients undergoing transfemoral amputation

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Uhl ◽  
Thomas Betz ◽  
Andrea Rupp ◽  
Markus Steinbauer ◽  
Ingolf Töpel
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Phantom Pain ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Postoperative Wound ◽  
Stump Pain ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract. Summary: Background: This pilot study was set up to examine the effects of a continuous postoperative wound infusion system with a local anaesthetic on perioperative pain and the consumption of analgesics. Patients and methods: We included 42 patients in this prospective observational pilot study. Patients were divided into two groups. One group was treated in accordance with the WHO standard pain management protocol and in addition to that received a continuous local wound infusion treatment (Group 1). Group 2 was treated with analgesics in accordance with the WHO standard pain management protocol, exclusively. Results: The study demonstrated a significantly reduced postoperative VAS score for stump pain in Group 1 for the first 5 days. Furthermore, the intake of opiates was significantly reduced in Group 1 (day 1, Group 1: 42.1 vs. Group 2: 73.5, p = 0.010; day 2, Group 1: 27.7 vs. Group 2: 52.5, p = 0.012; day 3, Group 1: 23.9 vs. Group 2: 53.5, p = 0.002; day 4, Group 1: 15.7 vs. Group 2: 48.3, p = 0.003; day 5, Group 1 13.3 vs. Group 2: 49.9, p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups, neither in phantom pain intensity at discharge nor postoperative complications and death. Conclusions: Continuous postoperative wound infusion with a local anaesthetic in combination with a standard pain management protocol can reduce both stump pain and opiate intake in patients who have undergone transfemoral amputation. Phantom pain was not significantly affected.

Abnormal Haemostasis and Blood Viscosity in Malignant Hypertension

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 253-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Isles ◽  
G D O Lowe ◽  
B M Rankin ◽  
C D Forbes ◽  
N Lucie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SummaryWe have previously shown abnormalities of haemostasis suggestive of intravascular coagulation in patients with malignant hypertension, a condition associated with retinopathy and renal fibrin deposition. To determine whether such abnormalities are specific to malignant hypertension, we have measured several haemostatic and haemorheological variables in 18 patients with malignant hypertension (Group 1), 18 matched healthy controls (Group 2), and 18 patients with non-malignant hypertension (Group 3) matched for renal pathology, blood pressure and serum creatinine with Group 1. Both Groups 1 and 3 had increased mean levels of fibrinogen, factor VIIIc, beta-thrombo- globulin, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity (corrected for haematocrit); and decreased mean levels of haematocrit, antithrombin III and platelet count. Mean levels of fast antiplasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin were elevated in Group 1 but not in Group 3. We conclude that most blood abnormalities are not specific to malignant hypertension; are also present in patients with non-malignant hypertension who have similar levels of blood pressure and renal damage; and might result from renal damage as well as promoting further renal damage by enhancing fibrin deposition. However increased levels of fibrinolytic inhibitors in malignant hypertension merit further investigation in relation to removal of renal fibrin.

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