The Effect of Examiner Social Behavior on Children’s Articulation Test Performance

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vocal Imitation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Group 1

Forty-eight first- and second-grade children with /r/ or /s/ errors met with an articulation examiner once a week for three consecutive weeks. During each session, the investigator role-played social behaviors of a supportive examiner (S) or a non-supportive examiner (N) (Relationship Segment) and then administered a Vocal Imitation Task and an imitative Articulation Task (Testing Segment). Subjects were divided into four groups balanced by sex, error sound, grade, and therapy experience. The sequence of experimental conditions for each group was Group 1 (SSS); Group 2 (NNN); Group 3 (SNS); and Group 4 (NSN). Two questions were posed: Do supportive versus nonsupportive examiner social behaviors affect articulation performance? Do differences in examiner social behaviors affect children’s test-retest reliability? No main or interaction effects for the type of examiner behaviors were obtained on either dependent variable. Comparison of the Pearson correlation coefficients for each group indicated that Group 1 obtained the highest temporal reliability, 0.92, while Groups 2, 3, and 4 obtained average coefficients of 0.67, 0.76, and 0.62, respectively. Clinical and theoretical implications of these data point to the value of using intensive designs for further study of interpersonal variables in the clinical process.

scholarly journals Clinical and laboratory features of acute intestinal infections with hyemocolitis syndrome in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
O. I. Klimova ◽  
N. V. Gonchar ◽  
L. A. Alekseeva ◽  
Yu. V. Lobzin
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Laboratory Features ◽  
Complicated Course ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Group 1

The acute intestinal infections (AII) with a haemocolitis syndrome represent group of a serious illness at children that defines relevance of studying of their etiology and pathogenesis. The purpose of the work is to study the clinical and laboratory features of AII with hemocolitis syndrome depending on the etiology and complications. Materials and methods. Observed 77 patients of AII aged from 3 months up to 16 years. The etiological diagnosis verified using bacteriological and PCR studies of feces with AmpliSens® OKA screen-FL reagents and serological methods. Hemocolitis syndrome was observed in all patients. Patients with AII of a clarified etiology formed group 1 (n = 59), with AII of unclarified etiology – group 2 (n = 18). Intercurrent diseases were detected as non-specific complications of acute intestinal infections: respiratory (RI) and urinary infections (UI). AII severity was determined by the Clarke-index, the severity of dehydration – according to the WHO clinical scale. To evaluate the data of a research, the Mann-Whitney U-test and Pearson correlation coefficients were used. Results. There was a difference in the age of children in group 1 (3.9 ± 4.2 g) and group 2 (2.2 ± 2.6 g; p = 0.03) and in the frequency of complications: RI is diagnosed in group 1 for 54.5% of children, in group 2 for 83.3% (p=0.001); UI – at 45.5% and 16.7% respectively (p=0.03). In complicated course of AII, macroscopic signs of hemocolitis and inflammatory changes in the hemogram with the inclusion of platelet hemostasis in group 1 observed significantly more often than in group 2. In children of group 1, with uncomplicated acute intestinal infections, there was a significant correlation of signs of inflammation with dehydration and a higher severity of the disease according to the Clarke-index than with a complicated course. Conclusion. The age of children with AII of a clarified etiology was 3.9 ± 0.6 years, with AII of an unclarified etiology – 2.2 ± 0.6 years. AII of a clarified etiology preceded more hard, than AII of unclarified etiology. Complicated course of AII with hemocolitis syndrome characterized by expressiveness of signs of the local and system inflammatory answer.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bite Force in Patients After Treatment of Mandibular Fractures With 3-Dimensional Locking Miniplate and Standard Miniplates

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Gaurav Singh ◽  
Madan Mishra ◽  
Amit Gaur ◽  
Dhritiman Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Drilling Conditions ◽  
Group 1

Background: Fractures of the mandible can be studied and described in anatomic terms, functional considerations, treatment strategies, and outcome measures. The performance of any fixation system depends on multiple factors including plate adaptation, screw placement, bone quality, drilling conditions, and postoperative patient compliance. Bite force assesses masticatory muscle function under clinical and experimental conditions. Method: 30 patients with isolated, noncomminuted mandibular fractures were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group 1 patients were treated using 3-dimensional locking miniplates and group 2 patients were treated with standard miniplates. The bite forces were recorded at definite time intervals: preoperatively, and second week, sixth week, third month, and sixth month postoperatively. Result: At 6 weeks postoperative, 3 month postoperative, and 6 month postoperative, the mean bite force was found to be significantly higher among group 1 patients as compared to those in group 2 in all the sites. While at 2 week postoperative, the mean bite force was found to be significantly higher in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 at incisor region. Conclusion: The overall results of the present study show better performance in bite force for the 3-dimensional locking miniplate when compared with standard miniplates.

scholarly journals Aortic and Internal Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Carotid Stenosis: Semiautomatic Volumetric Analysis of Low-Attenuation Plaque on Curved Planar Reformations Using MDCT Angiographic Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Manaka ◽  
Izumi Torimoto ◽  
Zenjiro Sekikawa ◽  
Keiichiro Kasama ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Plaque Volume ◽  
Angiographic Data ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ica Stenosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

This retrospective study included 65 patients who underwent multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) carotid angiography; 28 patients were <70 years old (group 1), and 37 were ≥70 years old (group 2). Each low-attenuation (<30 Hounsfield units [HU]) plaque volume (LPV) and total uncalcified plaque volume ([TUPV] ≤150 HU) were semiautomatically measured on each aortic arch and internal carotid artery (ICA) curved planar reformations (CPR), using MDCT angiographic data. Correlation coefficients were employed to assess the impact of each plaque volume on various factors including ICA stenosis. The correlations (r > 0.5) were observed between aortic LPV and each ICA stenosis ratio and >30% stenosis in group 1, between aortic TUPV and male gender in group 1, and between ICA-TUPV and each aortic TUPV or the largest plaque thickness in group 2. Marginal correlations were observed between hyperlipidemia and aortic LPV and ICA-TUPV in group 1. There was no association between cerebral infarction and the aortic and ICA plaques. Both the aortic arch and ICA plaque volumes can be measured clinically. The increasing aortic LPV may be a significant factor associated with the development of ICA stenosis in patients younger than 70 years old.

Validity and Reliability of the Computer-Administered Routine Opioid Outcome Monitoring (ROOM) Tool

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3645-3654
Author(s):  
Louisa Picco ◽  
Melissa Middleton ◽  
Raimondo Bruno ◽  
Michala Kowalski ◽  
Suzanne Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Outcome Monitoring ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective The Routine Opioid Outcome Monitoring (ROOM) tool measures outcomes with opioids using an established framework which includes domains such as pain, mood, opioid use disorder, alcohol use, and constipation. This study aims to validate and establish the test-retest reliability of the computer-administered ROOM tool. Design and Setting Cross-sectional analysis of an online sample. Subjects Participants comprised those with chronic noncancer pain who regularly used prescription opioids. Methods Participants self-completed the online ROOM tool along with other validated measures (validation questionnaire), and those who were agreeable also completed the online test-retest questionnaire approximately two weeks later. Subcomponents of the ROOM tool (i.e., pain, mood, alcohol use, opioid use disorder, and constipation) were validated against longer measures of the same construct using Pearson correlation coefficients. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess the stability of the ROOM tool over time. Results A total of 324 participants completed the validation questionnaire, of whom 260 also completed the test-retest questionnaire. The opioid use disorder domain showed good sensitivity (73.6) and specificity (75.8) against the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, any opioid use disorder. All ROOM components showed moderate correlation (r = 0.55–0.73) with their longer counterparts. Test-retest reliability was fair (0.58–0.75), indicating that responses were relatively stable over time. Reliability did vary, however, based on the components being measured and how certain tools were scored. Conclusion The computer-administered ROOM tool is a valid approach for brief monitoring of outcomes with prescribed opioids in primary care settings and appears to be acceptable to people who are using prescribed opioids for chronic pain.

Effektivität der Sklerosierungstherapie in Abhängigkeit vom Alter der Patienten

Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
K. Denk ◽  
D. Schliephake ◽  
A. Recke ◽  
B. Kahle
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Injection Sclerotherapy ◽  
Aesthetic Outcome ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SummaryIn clinical practice sclerotherapy of intradermal varicose veins seems to be more effective in elderly patients. Patients, methods: After prior duplex-sonographic investigation 48 patients with intradermal varicose veins (diameter 1–2 mm, C1,EP, AS, PR) were included. 24 patients (group 1) received Polidocanol (0.25% Aethoxysklerol®) injection sclerotherapy and 24 patients (group 2) received sodium chloride injections. In all subjects an area of 100 square centimetres of the lower limb was treated. The borders of each area were marked and photo documented. The injections were performed by an examiner who was unaware of which liquid had been injected. Compression therapy was performed for one week after the treatment. One and four weeks later the results were controlled by the physician who performed the injections and documented by an independent photographer. The glossy prints of the areas before and four weeks after the treatment were sent to two blinded independent external reviewers. The reviewers noted their evaluation on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The reviewers received each anonymous photodocument twice within 3 weeks. Results: The VAS of both experts showed a significant difference between the results in group 1 and group 2 (p < 0.0001). Median of efficacy was 58.5% in group 1 (verum) and 0.5% in group 2 (placebo). Both experts had a stable intraindividual reliability of 85% and further both raters didn´t differ concerning their ratings. In group 1 (verum) the Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between the therapeutic outcome and the age of the treated patients. Conclusions: Injection sclerotherapy of intradermal varicose veins using 0.25 %Polidocanol (Aethoxysklerol) is an efficient treatment that leads to a good aesthetic outcome. In elderly patients sclerotherapy is more efficient.

Adaptation of the Quality of Life in Autism Scale for use in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 960-966
Author(s):  
SM Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Nur E Nahid Shilvy ◽  
Ata A Rabby
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
World Health ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Parent Version

Parents of children with developmental disabilities, particularly Autism Spectrum disorder, are known to be at risk for high levels of psychological distress. The present study aimed to adapt the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire (QoLA, parent-version) in the context of Bangladeshi culture. The sample included 50 participants. Participants were selected from the Institute of Paediatric Neurology and Autism (IPNA, BSMMU) and some special schools of Dhaka city. World Health Organization’s (WHO, 2009) guidelines were followed in translating the QoLA and adaptation for use in Bangladesh. For the parent-report version of the QoLA, Cronbach’s coefficients were 0.880 and 0.725 for part A and part B subscale items, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the test-retest reliability were r =0.964 for part A of the scale and r = 0.954 for part B. These psychometric properties are comparable to those obtained in the initial QoLA validation study (Eapen et al. 2014). Results of this study demonstrate that the Bangla version of the QoLA (Parent version) provides a valid measure of quality of life and is suitable for use in Bangladesh. Bioresearch Commu. 7(1): 960-966, 2021 (January

Abstract 13730: Electrical Axes of P and T but Not QRS Waves on ECG Are New Indicators of Successfulness of the Nuss Operation for Pectus Excavatum Considering Anatomical Severity as Indicated by the Haller Index Acquired by CT

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobusada FUNABASHI ◽  
Yoshio Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Pectus Excavatum ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Haller Index ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
T Waves

Introduction: Pectus excavatum (PEX) is a depression of the sternum which can physically constrict the heart and cause abnormal ECGs. The Nuss operation is a minimally invasive technique for PEX repair. Hypothesis: As right (RA) and left atria (LA) are compressed in PEX, axes of P, QRS, and T waves are abnormal and the Nuss operation normalizes them. We also took the Haller index (HI) into to account. Methods: 17 PEX patients (14 male, 12±6 years) underwent CT and ECG before and after the Nuss operation. Results: All Nuss operations were successful, and HI was significantly improved from 5.62±2.29 to 3.29±0.65 (P=0.0002). There were no significant differences before and after surgery for electrical axes of P waves (46±20 vs 65±55, P=0.20), and QRS waves (75±33 vs 76±23, P=0.72), but T waves were greater thereafter (22±27 vs 40±19, P=0.001). Correlation coefficients (CC) between the degree of axes of P, QRS and T waves, and HI before operation were -0.23, -0.06, and 0.11, respectively. These values after operation were -0.25, -0.06, and 0.19, respectively. As HI is an indirect indicator of heart compression, we evaluated the degree of RA and LA compression qualitatively as none, mild, and moderate/more. Of 17 patients, 5 had moderate/more compression of RA and/or LA by PEX (group 1); the remaining 12 did not show compression (group 2). Only P wave values were significantly smaller in group 1 than 2 before surgery, but these differences disappeared after surgery. In both groups, degree of axes of T waves was significantly greater after the operation. Conclusion: In patients with PEX, axes of T waves after the Nuss operation became significant greater than before the operation in patients with moderate or more compression of RA and/or LA by PEX. For P waves, this was smaller before the operation in those with compression but this was improved by the Nuss operation. P and T wave axes but not QRS could be therefore non-invasive indicators of Nuss operation success in addition to gross PEX appearance.

The Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Cross cultural adaptation, reliability, validity and responsiveness

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Kim ◽  
H. M. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Release ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Korean Version ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The purpose of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire to produce an equivalent Korean version. A total of 53 patients completed the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire pre-operatively and 3 months after open carpal tunnel release. All 53 also completed the Korean version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire pre-operatively and 3 months post-operatively. Reliability was measured by determining the test–retest reliability and internal consistency. Test–retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and paired t-tests, and internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out on the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire scores and the Korean version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores to assess construct validity. Responsiveness was evaluated using effect sizes and standardized response means. The reliability of the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire was good. The scores in the Korean version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand strongly correlated with the scores in the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Standardized response mean and effect size were both large for the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. The study shows that the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire is a reliable, valid and responsive instrument for measuring outcomes in carpal tunnel syndrome.

scholarly journals 3D biometrics for hindfoot alignment using Weight Bearing CT

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0032
Author(s):  
Francois Lintz ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Alessio Bernasconi ◽  
Jianzhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Hindfoot Alignment ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Weightbearing Ct ◽  
Group 1

Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Hindfoot alignment is an important reference for foot and ankle surgery, and the Foot Ankle Offset (FAO) using semi-automatic software has been reported as a valuable hindfoot alignment measurement in weightbearing CT(WBCT). The objective was to assess the clinical relevance and reproducibility of the FAO value for hindfoot alignment and compare it with previous findings. Methods: A prospective study was conducted, with ethics committee approval. Patients were included, clinically examined and divided into 3 groups: normal alignment (Group 1), valgus (Group 2), varus (Group 3). A continuous series of 140 feet (71 patients) were referred from September to December 2017 (65 normal, 41 valgus, and 34 varus). All patients had a bilateral weight bearing CT, and the FAO values were recorded. The long axial view angle(HAct)was measured on Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRR) as comparison. All values were measured and compared by two different investigators. The reproducibility of FAO and HAct were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs) and regression analysis was conducted to study the correlation between the two methods. Results: In Group 1, the mean value for FAO/HAct was 1.69%±2.58%/4.13±2.67, in Group 2, the FAO/HAct was 7.46%±3.18%/9.00±3.43; in Group 3 the values were -6.11%±4.55%/-7.49±6.06. The intra- and interobserver reliability were 0.991/0.992 and 0.976/0.976. There was a good linear correlation between HAct and FAO (R2=0.778, and the regression slope was 1.083. Conclusion: The use of weightbearing CT can help characterize hindfoot alignment objectively using WBCT. The present study is the first prospective comparative assessment of this technology and shows that FAO has good repeatability, and it correlates well with clinical examination,, X ray findings and previous literature. The FAO is a clinically relevant and reproducible method for measuring hindfoot alignment.

Effect of Stimulus Pulse Duration and Interstimulus Interval on Cross-Modal Matching of Auditory and Lingual Vibrotactile Stimuli

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1079-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Daniel Harris ◽  
Linda Petrosino
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulus ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Stimulus Pulse ◽  
Regression Effect ◽  
Psychophysical Scaling ◽  
Interstimulus Intervals ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Cross-modal matching functions for eight intensity levels of a 1000-Hz auditory stimulus and a 250-Hz lingual vibrotactile stimulus were obtained for two groups of subjects. Group 1 adjusted the vibrotactile stimulus to match the auditory stimulus, and Group 2 adjusted the auditory stimulus to match the vibrotactile stimulus. Stimulus-pulse durations and interstimulus intervals were varied over six experimental conditions for both groups. The variations in stimulus-pulse durations and interstimulus intervals had no appreciable effect on mean matching-function exponents for the two groups. A possible regression effect consistent with data from other psychophysical scaling studies was noted for matching functions of the two stimuli.

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