Cerebral Dominance and Attentional Bias in Word Recognition

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Leventhal
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Cerebral Dominance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Functional Localization ◽  
Left And Right

This study investigated the role of cerebral dominance, functional localization, and attentional bias on the recognition of neutral and emotionally charged words presented unilaterally and bilaterally by a tachistoscope to the left and right visual fields of 42 left and 42 right handers. The major findings were: (1) Over-all, right handers perceived more words than left handers; (2) Although more neutral words were perceived, there were no interactive effects for type of word; (3) Unilateral presentation: LVF = RVF for left and right handers; Bilateral presentation: left handers evidenced a left visual-field advantage, right handers evidenced a right visual-field advantage; (4) Directional cuing did not magnify the existing visual field advantage but increased efficiency of recognition for words presented to the correctly cued nondominant visual field and decreased efficiency of recognition for words presented to the incorrectly cued dominant visual field. It was concluded that, although each hemisphere was equally capable of processing single words, cerebral dominance and functional localization interact with attentional bias to produce the observed differential in word recognition of the left and right visual fields.

The Effect of Orthographic Uniqueness and Deviation Points on Lexical Decisions: Evidence from Unilateral and Bilateral-Redundant Presentations

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annukka K. Lindell ◽  
Michael E.R. Nicholls ◽  
Anne E. Castles
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Stimulus Orientation ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Sequential Effects ◽  
Uniqueness Point ◽  
Left And Right

Words with an early or late orthographic uniqueness point and nonwords with an early or late orthographic deviation point were presented to the left, right, or both visual fields simultaneously. In Experiment 1, 20 participants made lexical decision judgements to horizontal stimulus presentations. In Experiment 2, a further 20 participants completed the task using vertical presentations to control for attentional biases. Consistent with previous research, words with earlier orthographic uniqueness points prompted faster responses across visual fields, regardless of stimulus orientation. Although research has suggested that the left hemisphere's superiority for language processing stems from a comparatively parallel processing strategy, with the right hemisphere reliant upon a serial mechanism, left and right visual field presentations were not differentially affected by orthographic uniqueness point. This suggests that differential sequential effects previously reported result during processes other than retrieval from the lexicon. The overall right visual field advantage observed using horizontal presentations disappeared when stimuli were presented vertically. Contrary to expectations, there was a facilitatory effect of late orthographic deviation point for horizontal nonword presentations. Overall, the results were interpreted as being consistent with predictions of a cohort model of word recognition, and they highlighted the effect of stimulus orientation on left and right hemisphere word recognition.

Models of Response Time to Peripheral Stimuli

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-533
Author(s):  
D.S. Kochhar ◽  
T.M. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Stimulus Location ◽  
Stimulus Size ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Simulated Driving ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

The variable contribution of peripherally presented stimuli in a A sensory motor task has been explored in terms of stimulus and environmental variables. A simulated driving task was chosen as being a representative compensatory tracking task. Empirical models have been developed using response surface methodology, statistical design and data collected on a simulator with a 240° wrap-around screen and projection systems very much like cinerama. In this research, seven factors were isolated for a study of their effects on detection latency to peripherally presented stimuli when the subject was ‘driving’. These factors were stimulus size (circular stimuli between 18′ and 60′), stimulus color (red, white and green), stimulus-background contrast (background luminance 1ft.L and stimulus luminance of 30, 60 and 90 ft.L), stimulus location along the horizontal (between ± 90°) and vertical meridians (between ± 26°), intensity of continuous white noise (between 52 and 100 dbA), and complexity of the continuous central tracking task measured in terms of the simulated driving speed. Three levels of each variable were selected in a 7 factor Box-Behnken design. Twenty undergraduates between the ages 19 and 26 participated in the experiment. It was found that, in this multivariable environment when all seven factors were simultaneously varied, the effects of noise, stimulus location in the visual field and stimulus size were the more important determinants of response latency. In addition, marked differences for the left and right visual fields were observed for the right-handed subject population. Four models have been developed: two for the left visual field, with and without the continuous central task (CCT), and two for the right visual field for the same conditions. The response was found to be of the form 1/Yr = f (xi); i= 1,2,… 7 for both the left and right visual fields in the presence of the CCT. In the absence of the CCT the model was of the form Yr = f (xr) for the left and 1/2 = f (xi) for the right visual field where Yr = response time in millisec. and Yr xi = variables in equations. Response curves have been presented to illustrate the variation of response time with each of the seven variables for regions where response time may be expected to be a minimum. The implications of these curves and the models on which they are based have been examined from the design point of view.

Left—Right Visual Field Asymmetry in Bistable Motion Perception

Perception ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Casco ◽  
Donatella Spinelli
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group Movement ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry

Twelve observers viewed two alternating frames, each consisting of three rectangular bars which were displaced laterally by one cycle in one frame with respect to the other. At long interframe intervals (IFIs) observers perceived a group of three elements moving as a whole (group movement), whereas with IFIs shorter than 40–60 ms the overlapping elements in each frame appeared stationary while the third element appeared to move from one end of the display to the other (end-to-end movement). The percentage of group movement responses in central viewing was compared to those obtained for stimulus presentation in the left and right visual fields (4 deg eccentricity), for opposite horizontal directions of motion. All ten right-handed subjects showed a left-field advantage in sensitivity to group movement. The two left-handed subjects showed a similar advantage in sensitivity with right-field presentation. The effects of monocular vision, hand used in the task, spatial frequency, and contrast on visual field asymmetry were all investigated in two right-handed subjects. None of these factors affected the left—right asymmetry.

Differential Recognition of Tachistoscopically Presented English and Hebrew Words in Right and Left Visual Fields

1965 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin I. Barton ◽  
Harold Goodglass ◽  
Amnon Shai
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Left Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Cerebral Dominance ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Differential Recognition ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Areas

In this study, the role of lateral cerebral dominance in the consistent finding of lower tachistoscopic thresholds in the right than in the left visual field for alphabetic material was tested for readers of Hebrew and English. Twenty Israeli Ss were presented with Hebrew and English three-letter words, printed vertically, through a monocular tachistoscope, displaced to left or right of fixation by 2°21′. Ten American Ss were also tested for three-letter English words, under similar conditions. Significantly lower thresholds in the right field were found for both groups and for both languages, despite the fact that Hebrew, unlike English, is read from right to left. These findings tend to support the hypothesis that alphabetic stimuli arriving in the major cerebral hemisphere are more readily recognized than similar stimuli arriving in the hemisphere contralateral to the language areas.

Technology Study on the Perception of Stereopsis in Fovea Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 1022 ◽  
pp. 341-344
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Xiang Bo Han ◽  
Hui Ling Shen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Technology Study ◽  
Random Dot Stereograms ◽  
Left And Right

Random-dot stereograms were used as stimuli to investigate the perception of stereopsis in fovea field. The response of every subject was recorded in different positions in the fovea field: upper, lower, left, right field and with different eccentricities of 1.39º, 1.93º, 2.48º, 3.02º, 3.57º. The results showed that reaction times increased with increasing eccentricities wherever the disparity zone was presented relative to the fixation point. No significant differences were found between reaction times to the upper and lower visual fields. And there were no significant differences between left and right visual field. But there were marked superiorities for reaction times between upper and right field at all eccentricities.

scholarly journals The role of orthographic neighbourhood effects in lateralized lexical decision: a replication study and meta-analysis

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11266
Author(s):  
Adam J. Parker ◽  
Ciara Egan ◽  
Jack H. Grant ◽  
Sophie Harte ◽  
Brad T. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Facilitative Role ◽  
The Right ◽  
Future Work

The effect of orthographic neighbourhood size (N) on lexical decision reaction time differs when words are presented in the left or right visual fields. Evidence suggests a facilitatory N effect (i.e., faster reaction times for words with larger neighbourhoods) in the left visual field. However, the N effect in the right visual field remains controversial: it may have a weaker facilitative role or it may even be inhibitory. In a pre-registered online experiment, we replicated the interaction between N and visual field and provided support for an inhibitory N effect in the right visual field. We subsequently conducted a pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise the available evidence and determine the direction of N effects across visual fields. Based on the evidence, it would seem the effect is inhibitory in the right visual field. Furthermore, the size of the N effect is considerably smaller in the right visual field. Both studies revealed considerable heterogeneity between participants and studies, and we consider the implications of this for future work.

Spatio-Temporal Discrimination of Frequency in the Right and Left Visual Fields: A Preliminary Report

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Rao ◽  
Daniel Rourke ◽  
R. Douglas Whitman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Normal right-handed subjects were presented with luminance patterns varying sinusoidally in both space and time to the left and right visual fields. With no temporal variation in the stimuli, detection thresholds for the left visual field were lower than those for the right visual field for all spatial frequencies. However, with increasing temporal variations, a reversal in detection of threshold occurred, with the right visual field surpassing the left. This finding suggests that left and right visual processing may be differentially efficient for temporal and spatial visual information.

Hemispheric Asymmetry as a Function of Handedness: Perception of Facial Affect Stimuli

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Erik Everhart ◽  
David W. Harrison ◽  
W. David Crews
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Hemispheric asymmetry in 14 left- and 14 right-handed persons shown tachistoscopically presented emotional stimuli to left and right visual fields was examined using a forced-choice, reaction-time paradigm in which subjects were asked to identify positive and negative faces. Neutral faces were included within the two-alternative forced-choice paradigm. Reaction time and response-bias measures were recorded. Analysis indicated differential lateralization for left-handed and right-handed subjects with respect to neutral affective stimuli. While right-handed subjects' perceptions of neutral stimuli remained consistent across visual fields, left-handed ones identified neutral stimuli as more positive (happy) when presented to the left visual field and negative (angry) when presented to the right visual field. Implications for differential lateralization patterns among left- and right-handed adults are discussed.

Analysis of Superiority of the Right Visual Field in Bilateral Tachistoscopic Word-Recognition

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fudin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Left Visual Field ◽  
Cerebral Dominance ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
The Right

McKeever and Huling questioned procedures in experiments on lateral differences in the recognition of horizontally oriented multi-letter stimuli, tachistoscopically exposed bilaterally. They effected three major changes in this method and found superior scores for material in the right than left visual field, a result in the opposite direction of prior findings. Ideas from directional scanning and cerebral dominance accounts of lateral asymmetries suggest that McKeever and Huling's methodological innovations produced their result. Directional scanning notions indicate that horizontal targets impede measures of differences in processing skills of the cerebral hemispheres. These obstacles can be overcome by exposing vertically oriented targets.

Role of Visual Acuity in Tachistoscopic Recognition of Three-Letter Words

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Curcio ◽  
William Mackavey ◽  
Jeffrey Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Vertical Meridian ◽  
Line Target ◽  
Tachistoscopic Recognition ◽  
The Right

It has been suggested that a correlation between word recognition and visual acuity would constitute a confounding influence in word-recognition studies within a laterality paradigm. 20 Ss made binary judgments concerning the presence or absence of a spatial gap in a tachistoscopically presented line target positioned at .75°, 1.5°, 3.0°, and 6.0° in either visual field. Gap detection was superior in the right visual field ( p = .02) at the 6.0° position. Word recognition was determined for tachistoscopically presented three-letter words positioned along a 6.0° vertical meridian in either visual field. Visual acuity performance was not related to word recognition either for the group or for individual Ss. The data therefore do not encourage the view that normal variations in acuity significantly affect word recognition in laterality studies.

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