Effect of Hashish on Vigilance Performance

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toufik Bahri ◽  
Taha Amir
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Vigilance Performance

A group of 11 hashish users were compared with 11 controls on a visual sustained attention (vigilance) task. Analysis indicated that hashish use affected subjects' sensitivity. Subjects who used hashish responded in an indiscriminate manner, making more false alarms (8.7) than controls (2.6). The importance of vigilance in the assessment of adverse effects of hashish is discussed.

Performance in Vigilance Tasks is Related to Both State and Contextual Motivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1145-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis R. Dewar ◽  
Nicholas W. Fraulini ◽  
Victoria L. Claypoole ◽  
James L. Szalma
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
State Motivation

Vigilance, or sustained attention, is the ability to maintain attention to stimuli over a prolonged period of time. Synonymous with the study of sustained attention is the vigilance decrement, which is a decline in performance as a function of time on task. In the present study, we examined the effects of state motivation (i.e., motivation measured immediately prior to the task) and context-based motivation (i.e., motivation that stems from task instructions) on vigilance performance in a sensory-based vigilance task. Forty-three participants completed a 24-minute vigilance task, as well as measures of stress and workload. The results indicated that those higher in state intrinsic motivation and motivating instructions outperformed their peers in terms of hits and false alarms. We conclude that motivation may help facilitate vigilant attention.

scholarly journals Exploring Sex Differences in Vigilance Performance with Knowledge of Results

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1321-1325
Author(s):  
Grace E. Waldfogle ◽  
Michaela R. Hagerty-Koller ◽  
Lindsey R. Lane ◽  
Allison E. Garibaldi ◽  
James L. Szalma
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Sex Influence

Vigilance, also referred to as sustained attention, is the ability to maintain attention for extended periods of time while monitoring for, oftentimes, critical signals. In attempt to aid performance decrements in vigilance tasks, previous research has examined the effects of knowledge of results (KR). In essence, KR provides feedback on performance, and is argued to enhance the understanding of task structure and motivation to complete the task successfully. However, relatively little is known about how individual differences, such as observer sex, influence KR effects in vigilance. In the present study, 73 observers completed a 25-minute vigilance task in which they were required to monitor flight paths. Observers were randomly assigned to either a KR condition, in which feedback was given for correct detections, false alarms, and misses, or a control condition, where no feedback was provided. The results indicated that small sex differences were found for correct detections and false alarms, as a function of KR.

Individual Differences in Achievement Motivation are related to Vigilance Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1298-1302
Author(s):  
Alexis R. Neigel ◽  
Yu Miao ◽  
Nicole Montagna ◽  
Cristina A. Chirino ◽  
James L. Szalma
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Human Motivation ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Attention Performance

Vigilance, or sustained attention, tasks require observers to attend to information over a prolonged period of time. One individual difference that may be associated with sustained attention performance is achievement motivation, given recent findings in the literature that indicate a relationship between human motivation and attention. Fifty-nine participants were randomly assigned to either a cognitive or sensory vigilance task. The present study indicated that individuals high in achievement motivation detected more critical signals and made fewer false alarms in the cognitive vigilance task. Participants high in achievement motivation in the cognitive condition also demonstrated some of the highest distress and worry scores post-task. Implications for sustained attention tasks are discussed.

Exploring the Effects of Extraversion on Social Facilitation and Vigilance Task Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1216-1220
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Claypoole ◽  
Grace E. Waldfogle ◽  
Alexis R. Neigel ◽  
James L. Szalma
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
And Task

Vigilance, or sustained attention, is the ability to maintain attention for extended periods of time. Recently, research on vigilance has focused on identifying individual differences and task design factors that may improve cognitive-based vigilance performance. One such factor is social facilitation, which leads to improved task performance when at least one individual is present. But, relatively little is known about the personality factors, such as extraversion or introversion, which may influence the effects of social presence, and in turn affect vigilance performance. Given this gap in the literature, the present research seeks to determine how personality, specifically extraversion, is related to vigilance performance in the presence of another individual. A total of 39 observers completed a 24-minute vigilance task either alone, in the mere presence of another person, or in the evaluative presence of another person (i.e., an individual monitoring their performance). The results indicated that extraversion was negatively correlated to the proportion of correct detections and sensitivity ( A’).

Predicting Cognitive Vigilance Performance from Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity and Task Engagement

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (14) ◽  
pp. 850-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Reinerman ◽  
Gerald Matthews ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
Lisa K. Langheim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Screening Battery

Responses to a brief six-min screening battery involving high-workload tracking, verbal working memory, and line discrimination tasks were used to predict subsequent performance on a 36-min cognitive vigilance task. Two predictors of interest were subjective state, as indexed by the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire (DSSQ), and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), measured via transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. The results testify to the importance of assessing task-induced responses for predicting cognitive vigilance performance. They also indicate that forecasting vigilance performance is a complex endeavor requiring a set of multidimensional predictors. Specifically, higher post-battery task engagement scores on the DSSQ in this study and higher levels of CBFV during performance of the screening battery predicted more correct detections on the subsequent vigilance task. These findings are interpreted in the light of the resource-workload model of vigilance, and their practical significance is discussed.

Attention: Prenatal alcohol and continuities of vigilance and attentional problems from 4 through 14 years

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann P. Streissguth ◽  
Fred L. Bookstein ◽  
Paul D. Sampson ◽  
Helen M. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Self Report ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Grade Teacher ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study examined the longitudinal components of vigilance performance and attentional behaviors across the ages of 4, 7, and 14 years of life as they relate to prenatal alcohol exposure assessed by maternal self-report in midpregnancy for a cohort of 512 children. The vigilance score most salient for prenatal alcohol across this 10-year developmental period was Standard Deviation of Reaction Time (SDRT). Also salient were False Alarms (FA) on the AX task, impulsive errors reflecting difficulty in withholding a response. All 19 of the children with poorest scores on a Vigilance Latent Variable (LV) at 14 years had scored low on a similarly-defined Vigilance LV at age 7 years. Cross-lagged correlations revealed that the 7-year Vigilance LV not only predicted second-grade teacher ratings of attention a year later (r = – .38), but also predicted fourth-fifth-grade teacher ratings of attention (r = – .36). These data reveal considerable consistency across time in the impact of prenatal alcohol on child/adolescent vigilance performance and attention between 4 and 14 years of age.

Behavioural Vigilance in Schizophrenia

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne M. Mar ◽  
David A. Smith ◽  
Martin Sarter
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Behavioural Test ◽  
Signal Detectability ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

BackgroundDespite 30 years of research, some surprisingly fundamental gaps remain in our understanding of schizophrenic input dysfunctions.MethodIn a provisional test of a ‘hyperattention’ hypothesis, schizophrenic patients and control subjects performed a behavioural test that was adapted from a paradigm originally developed for characterising vigilance or sustained attention in animals. On this computerised operant testing procedure, subjects discriminated between signals of various salience and non-signal presentations. Hits and correct rejections resulted in monetary rewards while misses and false alarms entailed monetary costs.ResultsData from in-patients with schizophrenia and age, education and gender-matched controls support hypotheses not only about hyperattentional dysfunctions in schizophrenia with respect to overall signal detectability but also in terms of resistance to the vigilance decrement that normally occurs over trials.ConclusionsThe theoretical importance of impairments of this sort are discussed with respect to the cognitive and perceptual consequences of hypervigilance and ‘input dysfunction’.

scholarly journals The Sustained Attention to Response Task Shows Lower Cingulo-Opercular and Frontoparietal Activity in People with Narcolepsy Type 1: An fMRI Study on the Neural Regulation of Attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Jari K. Gool ◽  
Ysbrand D. van der Werf ◽  
Gert Jan Lammers ◽  
Rolf Fronczek
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Response Task

Vigilance complaints often occur in people with narcolepsy type 1 and severely impair effective daytime functioning. We tested the feasibility of a three-level sustained attention to response task (SART) paradigm within a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment to understand brain architecture underlying vigilance regulation in individuals with narcolepsy type 1. Twelve medication-free people with narcolepsy type 1 and 11 matched controls were included. The SART included four repetitions of a baseline block and two difficulty levels requiring moderate and high vigilance. Outcome measures were between and within-group performance indices on error rates and reaction times, and functional MRI (fMRI) parameters: mean activity during the task and between-group activity differences across the three conditions and related to changes in activation over time (time-on-task) and error-related activity. Patients—but not controls—made significantly more mistakes with increasing difficulty. The modified SART is a feasible MRI vigilance task showing similar task-positive brain activity in both groups within the cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal, arousal, motor, and visual networks. During blocks of higher vigilance demand, patients had significantly lower activation in these regions than controls. Patients had lower error-related activity in the left pre- and postcentral gyrus. The time-on-task activity differences between groups suggest that those with narcolepsy are insufficiently capable of activating attention- and arousal-related regions when transitioning from attention initiation to stable attention, specifically when vigilance demand is high. They also show lower inhibitory motor activity in relation to errors, suggesting impaired executive functioning.

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