Attention Can Be Oriented to Intermediate Locations within the Large Area of the Visual Field

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 806-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soichi Ando ◽  
Masahiro Kokubu ◽  
Noriyuki Ktda ◽  
Shingo Oda
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Equal Probability ◽  
Horizontal Meridian ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Random Location ◽  
The Right

The present study examined whether attention can be evenly distributed within the large area of the visual field. The stimulus was presented at one of four locations on the horizontal meridian (0°, 10°, 20°, and 30° to the right). In the Fixed Location condition, the stimulus appeared repeatedly at the same location. In the Random Location condition, the stimulus appeared at one of four locations as determined randomly with equal probability. Reaction times (RTs) in the Random Location condition were significantly Longer than those in the Fixed Location condition at the 0° and 30° locations, while there were no significant differences at the 10° and 20° locations. The differences in the RT between conditions were significantly larger at the 0° and 30° locations than those at the 10° and 20° locations. These results suggest that attention was oriented to intermediate locations within the large area of the visual field.

scholarly journals Lateralization of attention in adults with ADHD: Evidence of pseudoneglect

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Helfer ◽  
Stefanos Maltezos ◽  
Elizabeth Liddle ◽  
Jonna Kuntsi ◽  
Philip Asherson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Incentive Condition ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background. We investigated whether adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show pseudoneglect—preferential allocation of attention to the left visual field (LVF) and a resulting slowing of mean reaction times (MRTs) in the right visual field (RVF), characteristic of neurotypical (NT) individuals —and whether lateralization of attention is modulated by presentation speed and incentives. Method. Fast Task, a four-choice reaction-time task where stimuli were presented in LVF or RVF, was used to investigate differences in MRT and reaction time variability (RTV) in adults with ADHD (n = 43) and NT adults (n = 46) between a slow/no-incentive and fast/incentive condition. In the lateralization analyses, pseudoneglect was assessed based on MRT, which was calculated separately for the LVF and RVF for each condition and each study participant. Results. Adults with ADHD had overall slower MRT and increased RTV relative to NT. MRT and RTV improved under the fast/incentive condition. Both groups showed RVF-slowing with no between-group or between-conditions differences in RVF-slowing. Conclusion. Adults with ADHD exhibited pseudoneglect, a NT pattern of lateralization of attention, which was not attenuated by presentation speed and incentives.

Vocal Reaction Times to Tachistoscopically Presented High- and Low-Frequency Verbs: Some Evidence for Selective Minor Hemisphere Linguistic Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Catherine Loren
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Intact Brain ◽  
The Right

The current study investigated the capacity of the right hemisphere to process verbs using a paradigm proven reliable for predicting differential, minor hemisphere lexical analysis in the normal, intact brain. Vocal reaction times of normal subjects were measured to unilaterally presented verbs of high and of low frequency. A significant interaction was noted between the stimulus items and visual fields. Post hoc tests showed that vocal reaction times to verbs of high frequency were significantly faster following right visual-field presentations (right hemisphere). No significant differences in vocal reaction time occurred between the two visual fields for the verbs of low frequency. Also, significant differences were observed between the two types of verbs following left visual-field presentation but not the right. These results were interpreted to suggest that right-hemispheric analysis was restricted to the verbs of high frequency in the presence of a dominant left hemisphere.

Comparison of Spatial Discrimination in the Temporal and Nasal Sectors of the Monocular Visual Field

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Wyke ◽  
Stephan L. Chorover
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Discrimination ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Horizontal Meridian ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male College ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visual Discriminations

A study comparing monocular visual spatial discrimination in temporal and nasal half-fields was undertaken with the Tuebinger perimeter of Harms (1960). Twenty normal male college students performed a series of spatial visual discriminations in which “standard” and “comparison” stimuli were successively presented at varying distances from a fixation point along the mid-horizontal meridian. The results show that under conditions of relatively prolonged presentation of the test stimuli (1.0 sec.) monocular visual discriminations of this type are performed better with the left eye than with the right. The superiority of the left eye was maintained irrespective of whether nasal or temporal half-fields were tested. Furthermore, for a given eye, there was no significant difference in the performance of nasal and temporal half-fields.

Visual attention in preschool children prenatally exposed to cocaine: Implications for behavioral regulation

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMY K. HEFFELFINGER ◽  
SUZANNE CRAFT ◽  
DESIRÉE A. WHITE ◽  
JAYE SHYKEN
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Cocaine ◽  
The Right

The presence of cocaine during the prenatal period disrupts the development of neural systems involved in mediating visual attention; therefore, it is possible that prenatal cocaine exposure results in impairments in visual attention in early childhood. In the current study we hypothesized that preschool children with prenatal cocaine exposure would exhibit difficulties in the disengagement operation of visual attention and in sustaining attention, particularly for targets presented in the right visual field. Fourteen cocaine-exposed children and 20 control children between 14 and 60 months of age were assessed on measures of visual attention, cognition, and behavior. Cocaine-exposed children had slower reaction times on disengagement trials in the second half of our attention task, supporting our hypotheses that impairments in disengagement and sustained attention are associated with prenatal cocaine exposure. There was a trend for slower reaction times to targets presented in the right visual field, but not to targets presented in the left visual field. Cocaine-exposed children also exhibited greater difficulties in behavioral regulation. Overall, our findings suggest that children with prenatal cocaine exposure demonstrate specific impairments in visual attention and behavioral regulation. (JINS, 2002,8, 12–21.)

scholarly journals Dissociation between red and white stimulus perception: A perimetric quantification of protanopic color vision deficiencies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260362
Author(s):  
Denise Wetzel ◽  
Judith Ungewiss ◽  
Michael Wörner ◽  
Helmut Wilhelm ◽  
Ulrich Schiefer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Field Extension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Horizontal Meridian ◽  
Field Extensions ◽  
Kinetic Perimetry ◽  
Color Vision Deficiencies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

Significance Horizontal visual field extension was assessed for red and white stimuli in subjects with protanopia using semi-automated kinetic perimetry. In contrast to a conventional anomaloscope, the “red/white dissociation ratio” (RWR) allows to describe protanopia numerically. For the majority of subjects with protanopia a restriction for faint red stimuli was found. Purpose Comparing the horizontal visual field extensions for red and white stimuli in subjects with protanopia and those with normal trichromacy and assessing the related intra-subject intra-session repeatability. Methods The subjects were divided into groups with protanopia and with normal trichromacy, based on color vision testing (HMC anomaloscope, Oculus, Wetzlar/FRG). Two stimulus characteristics, III4e and III1e, according to the Goldmann-classification, were presented with semi-automated kinetic perimetry (Octopus 900 perimeter, Haag-Streit, Köniz/CH). They moved along the horizontal meridian, with an angular velocity of 3°/s towards the visual field center, starting from either the temporal or nasal periphery. If necessary, a 20° nasal fixation point offset was chosen to capture the temporal periphery of the visual field. For each condition the red/white dissociation ratio (RWR); Pat Appl. DPMA DRN 43200082D) between the extent of the isopter for red (RG610, Schott, Mainz/ FRG) and white stimuli along the horizontal meridian was determined. Results All data are listed as median/interquartile range: Five males with protanopia (age 22.1/4.5 years) and six males with normal trichromacy (control group, age 30.5/15.2 years) were enrolled. The RWR is listed for the right eye, as no clinically relevant difference between right and left eye occurred. Protanopes’ RWR for mark III4e (in brackets: control group) was 0.941/0.013 (0.977/0.019) and for mark III1e 0.496/0.062 (0.805/0.051), respectively. Conclusions In this exploratory “proof-of-concept study” red/white dissociation ratio perimetry is introduced as a novel technique aiming at assessing and quantifying the severity of protanopia. Further effort is needed to understand the magnitude of the observed red-/white dissociation and to extend this methodology to a wider age range of the sample and to anomalous trichromacies (protanomalia) with varying magnitude.

Cognitive Arithmetic: Evidence for Right Hemispheric Mediation in an Elementary Component Stage

1980 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert N. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Order ◽  
Elementary Component ◽  
Cognitive Arithmetic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Field Errors

Earlier studies involving the lateralization of arithmetic abilities have provided evidence for both right and left hemisphere superiorities. It is argued here that part of this inconsistency could be due to the complexity of the arithmetic computations which have been examined. The present studies examined a subprocess shown to be involved in more complex tasks, such as subtraction. The subprocess is the identification of which of two numbers is greater, and was tested by the flashing of a pair of digits to either the left or right visual field. Errors, reaction-times to make a decision, and examination of hand × visual field interactions all indicated that this subprocess is mediated by the right hemisphere. Correlational analysis was used to identify the operations underlying the observed lateralization of this ability. This analysis indicated that an operation indexed by the spatial order in which the digits were presented was effective in the right hemisphere but not the left hemisphere. Speculations on the nature of these operations were presented.

Cerebral Asymmetry in Facial Affect Perception by Women: Neuropsychological Effects of Depressed Mood

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1667-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. David Crews ◽  
David W. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Hemispheric Processing ◽  
Neuropsychological Effects ◽  
Arousal Theory ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
The Right

40 right-handed women, half of whom had been classified with depressed mood and the other half as nondepressed, participated in a tachistoscopic study of the influence of depressed mood on the cerebral hemispheric processing of Ekman and Friesen's 1976 happy, sad, and neutral emotional faces using a forced-choice reaction-time paradigm with only happy and sad alternatives as response manipulanda. The women with depressed mood were also characterized by elevated scores on both state and trait anxiety, suggestive of an anxious-depressive state with heightened arousal. Primary findings for the tachistoscopic data indicated that women with depressed mood as compared to nondepressed women displayed significantly faster reaction times to sad faces presented in the right visual field and happy faces presented in the left visual field. These results are suggestive of differential arousal of both the left and right cerebral hemispheres in this sample of anxious-depressed women and are discussed in light of arousal theory.

scholarly journals Neuroticism, recall bias and attention bias for valenced probes: a twin study

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Rijsdijk ◽  
H. Riese ◽  
M. Tops ◽  
H. Snieder ◽  
W. H. Brouwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Dot Probe ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
The Right

BackgroundPrior research on the nature of the vulnerability of neuroticism to psychopathology suggests biases in information processing towards emotional rather than neutral information. It is unclear to what extent this relationship can be explained by genetic or environmental factors.MethodThe genetic relationship between a neuroticism composite score and free recall of pleasant and unpleasant words and the reaction time on negative probes (dot-probe task) was investigated in 125 female twin pairs. Interaction effects were modelled to test whether the correlation between neuroticism and cognitive measures depended on the level of the neuroticism score.ResultsThe only significant correlation was between neuroticism and the proportion of recalled unpleasant words (heritability is 30%), and was only detectable at the higher end of the neuroticism distribution. This interaction effect seems to be due to environmental effects that make people in the same family more similar (e.g. parental discipline style), rather than genetic factors. An interesting sub-finding was that faster reaction times for left versus right visual field probes in the dot-probe task suggest that cognitive processing in the right hemisphere is more sensitive to subliminal (biologically relevant) cues and that this characteristic is under substantial genetic control (49%). Individual differences in reaction times on right visual field probes were due to environmental effects only.ConclusionsThere is no evidence that the predisposition of individuals to focus on negative (emotional) stimuli is a possible underlying genetic mechanism of neuroticism.

scholarly journals The role of orthographic neighbourhood effects in lateralized lexical decision: a replication study and meta-analysis

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11266
Author(s):  
Adam J. Parker ◽  
Ciara Egan ◽  
Jack H. Grant ◽  
Sophie Harte ◽  
Brad T. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Facilitative Role ◽  
The Right ◽  
Future Work

The effect of orthographic neighbourhood size (N) on lexical decision reaction time differs when words are presented in the left or right visual fields. Evidence suggests a facilitatory N effect (i.e., faster reaction times for words with larger neighbourhoods) in the left visual field. However, the N effect in the right visual field remains controversial: it may have a weaker facilitative role or it may even be inhibitory. In a pre-registered online experiment, we replicated the interaction between N and visual field and provided support for an inhibitory N effect in the right visual field. We subsequently conducted a pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise the available evidence and determine the direction of N effects across visual fields. Based on the evidence, it would seem the effect is inhibitory in the right visual field. Furthermore, the size of the N effect is considerably smaller in the right visual field. Both studies revealed considerable heterogeneity between participants and studies, and we consider the implications of this for future work.

Visual attention in children with prenatal cocaine exposure

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMY HEFFELFINFGER ◽  
SUZANNE CRAFT ◽  
JAYE SHYKEN
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Preschool Language ◽  
The Right

Previous studies have reported that developmental disruption of dopaminergic systems results in lateralized deficits in visual attention (Posner et al., 1991; Craft et al., 1992). Infants who were prenatally exposed to cocaine were hypothesized to have increased reaction times to targets in the right visual field on measures of visual attention compared with infants who were not exposed to cocaine. Seventeen children without prenatal exposure to cocaine and 14 children who were exposed to cocaine (age range from 8–40 months) completed a visual attention task, the Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition; and the Preschool Language Scale, Third Edition. Cocaine-exposed children were slower to orient to stimuli in the right visual field after repeated trials, especially after attention was first cued to the left visual field. They were also less likely to orient to the right when given a choice. Results suggest that the left hemisphere visual attention system is disproportionately affected by prenatal exposure to cocaine. (JINS, 1997, 3, 237–245.)

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