AQAD PROGRAM BANTUAN DINAS PERTANIAN KELOMPOK TANI BAGI DALAM TINJUAN FIQH MUAMALAH (Studi di Jorong Bulan Sarik Nagari Sungai Jambu Kecamatan Pariangan Kabupaten Tanah Datar)

The problem of this research is how the form of assistance at the Department of Agriculture is given to farmer groups, what type of contract is the provision of assistance to farmer groups. The purpose of this study was to identify and explain the form of assistance at the Department of Agriculture given to farmer groups, what types of contracts for providing assistance to farmer groups. The research method that the author uses is a qualitative research method using field research with observation and interview data collection techniques. Primary data sources consist of the head of the field extension, the village guardian, the head and members of the farmer group. The data processing carried out here is qualitative. Based on the results of the research that the author has done, the implementation of the provision of assistance in 2019, 2020, and 2019 from the Department of Agriculture to farmer groups in Jorong Bulan Sarik Nagari Sungai Jambu was carried out by handing over assistance provided in the form of freelance assistance which could be utilized by members and the head of the farmer group, the assistance is in the form of plant seeds and farming machinery. After the assistance is given, there is no form of return agreement with the Agriculture service or the village guardian. In the utilization of harvests from the assistance of the Department of Agriculture will also be enjoyed by farmer groups who receive the assistance. So the implementation of providing assistance to the group that occurs contains a halal element because there are no arguments that prohibit it.

Dissociation between red and white stimulus perception: A perimetric quantification of protanopic color vision deficiencies

Significance Horizontal visual field extension was assessed for red and white stimuli in subjects with protanopia using semi-automated kinetic perimetry. In contrast to a conventional anomaloscope, the “red/white dissociation ratio” (RWR) allows to describe protanopia numerically. For the majority of subjects with protanopia a restriction for faint red stimuli was found. Purpose Comparing the horizontal visual field extensions for red and white stimuli in subjects with protanopia and those with normal trichromacy and assessing the related intra-subject intra-session repeatability. Methods The subjects were divided into groups with protanopia and with normal trichromacy, based on color vision testing (HMC anomaloscope, Oculus, Wetzlar/FRG). Two stimulus characteristics, III4e and III1e, according to the Goldmann-classification, were presented with semi-automated kinetic perimetry (Octopus 900 perimeter, Haag-Streit, Köniz/CH). They moved along the horizontal meridian, with an angular velocity of 3°/s towards the visual field center, starting from either the temporal or nasal periphery. If necessary, a 20° nasal fixation point offset was chosen to capture the temporal periphery of the visual field. For each condition the red/white dissociation ratio (RWR); Pat Appl. DPMA DRN 43200082D) between the extent of the isopter for red (RG610, Schott, Mainz/ FRG) and white stimuli along the horizontal meridian was determined. Results All data are listed as median/interquartile range: Five males with protanopia (age 22.1/4.5 years) and six males with normal trichromacy (control group, age 30.5/15.2 years) were enrolled. The RWR is listed for the right eye, as no clinically relevant difference between right and left eye occurred. Protanopes’ RWR for mark III4e (in brackets: control group) was 0.941/0.013 (0.977/0.019) and for mark III1e 0.496/0.062 (0.805/0.051), respectively. Conclusions In this exploratory “proof-of-concept study” red/white dissociation ratio perimetry is introduced as a novel technique aiming at assessing and quantifying the severity of protanopia. Further effort is needed to understand the magnitude of the observed red-/white dissociation and to extend this methodology to a wider age range of the sample and to anomalous trichromacies (protanomalia) with varying magnitude.

On the construction of tame supercuspidal representations

Let $F$ be a non-archimedean local field of residual characteristic $p \neq 2$ . Let $G$ be a (connected) reductive group over $F$ that splits over a tamely ramified field extension of $F$ . We revisit Yu's construction of smooth complex representations of $G(F)$ from a slightly different perspective and provide a proof that the resulting representations are supercuspidal. We also provide a counterexample to Proposition 14.1 and Theorem 14.2 in Yu [Construction of tame supercuspidal representations, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 14 (2001), 579–622], whose proofs relied on a typo in a reference.

PERANAN PENYULUH PADA USAHATANI PADI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI DESA SAMBORA KECAMATAN TOHO KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of field extension workers on the productivity of rice farming. During the Covid-19 pandemic, physical contact and social contact were greatly reduced, it had an impact on the role that extension workers. To measure the data on the role of the extension worker, a Likert scale is used.. The results showed that a slowdown in extension activities, indicated by an average of over 70% of farmers saying there was no extension to farmers individually or in groups. The level of the role of the extension worker is 1.84 which is included in the Medium category. This means that from the overall average value of the role of the extension agent starting from the extension agent as an advisor, as an organizer, as a technician, as a liaison and as an agent of renewal, the role is sufficient for farmers.

Integrated Rock and Fluid Workflow to Optimize Geomodeling and History Matching

Optimized geomodeling and history matching of production data is presented by utilizing an integrated rock and fluid workflow. Facies identification is performed by use of image logs and other geological information. In addition, image logs are used to help define structural geodynamic processes that occurred in the reservoir. Methods of reservoir fluid geodynamics are used to assess the extent of fluid compositional equilibrium, especially the asphaltenes, and thereby the extent of connectivity in these facies. Geochemical determinations are shown to be consistent with measurements of compositional thermodynamic equilibrium. The ability to develop the geo-scenario of the reservoir, the coherent evolution of rock and contained fluids in the reservoir over geologic time, improves the robustness of the geomodel. In particular, the sequence of oil charge, compositional equilibrium, fault block throw, and primary biogenic gas charge are established in this middle Pliocene reservoir with implications for production, field extension,and local basin exploration. History matching of production data prove the accuracy of the geomodel; nevertheless, refinements to the geomodel and improved history matching were obtained by expanded deterministic property estimation from wireline log and other data. Theearly connection of fluid data, both thermodynamic and geochemical, with relevant facies andtheir properties determination enables a more facile method to incorporate this data into the geomodel. Logging data from future wells in the field can be imported into the geomodel allowingdeterministic optimization of this model long after production has commenced. While each reservoir is unique with its own idiosyncrasies, the workflow presented here is generally applicable to all reservoirs and always improves reservoir understanding.

Splitting Fields

Summary. In this article we further develop field theory in Mizar [1], [2]: we prove existence and uniqueness of splitting fields. We define the splitting field of a polynomial p ∈ F [X] as the smallest field extension of F, in which p splits into linear factors. From this follows, that for a splitting field E of p we have E = F (A) where A is the set of p’s roots. Splitting fields are unique, however, only up to isomorphisms; to be more precise up to F -isomorphims i.e. isomorphisms i with i|F = Id F . We prove that two splitting fields of p ∈ F [X] are F -isomorphic using the well-known technique [4], [3] of extending isomorphisms from F 1 → F 2 to F 1(a) → F 2(b) for a and b being algebraic over F 1 and F 2, respectively.

Observer Based Multi-Level Fault Reconstruction for Interconnected Systems

The problem of local fault (unknown input) reconstruction for interconnected systems is addressed in this paper. This contribution consists of a geometric method which solves the fault reconstruction (FR) problem via observer based and a differential algebraic concept. The fault diagnosis (FD) problem is tackled using the concept of the differential transcendence degree of a differential field extension and the algebraic observability. The goal is to examine whether the fault occurring in the low-level subsystem can be reconstructed correctly by the output at the high-level subsystem under given initial states. By introducing the fault as an additional state of the low subsystem, an observer based approached is proposed to estimate this new state. Particularly, the output of the lower subsystem is assumed unknown, and is considered as auxiliary outputs. Then, the auxiliary outputs are estimated by a sliding mode observer which is generated by using global outputs and inverse techniques. After this, the estimated auxiliary outputs are employed as virtual sensors of the system to generate a reduced-order observer, which is caplable of estimating the fault variable asymptotically. Thus, the purpose of multi-level fault reconstruction is achieved. Numerical simulations on an intensified heat exchanger are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

The Needs Technology Analysis for Farming Communities

Chile is one of the leading domestic commodities that almost spread across Indonesia and is required by almost every individual from a variety of social backgrounds. Indonesia's chili production has not met domestic requirements. The district of Magelang is one of the key places in chili that significantly contribute to the supply of central Java chili, a factor that continues to lack the capacity for farmers to grow. This paper aims to identify the need for chili farming technology, in this case the research was conducted in Magelang District, which is the largest chili center in Central Java. The method used in this research was a case study through a focus group discussion (FGD) approach involving 20 resource persons consisting of farmers, field extension officers, and the agricultural office of Magelang District. The productivity of the crop ranges from 1.6 to 4.6 tons per ha, while the production capacity varies from 12 to 17 tons per ha. Chili farming research was undertaken in 2020 on the technology requirements. Focus groups of 20 primary participants said chili production needs to be improved optimally, including information of pest control species (OPT) and farmers' broad awareness of the right culture. As a farmer companion in the field related to industry sub-systems management after culture/downstream, it must improve extension worker skills.

TECHNOLOGIES USING TELEPHONE APPLICATIONS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA

The global crisis in Climate Change (CC) requires Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Information and Technologies (CSAITs) to address it. Mobile Phone Applications (MPAs) among other ICTs could be veritable tools for enhancing job performance of field staff by facilitating their generation and dissemination of relevant information to adapt, cope with and mitigate the effects of CC. This study examined access and dissemination of CSAITs using MPAs by field staff in Edo State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP). Specifically, it described the socio-economic characteristics, access and dissemination of CSA-related information, use of MPAs for CSAITs and the constraints to usage of MPAs among field workers. Data were collected from the 120 field staff comprising 78 Field Extension Workers and 42 Enumerators of Edo State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP), Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Results show that 55.8% of respondents were males and 40.8% were between 41-50 years of age, 54.2% were HND/B.Sc holders and 50.8% had between 11-20years working experience. The CSAITs mostly accessed (≥50%) using MPAs include irrigation and “fadama” farming, weather forecasts and zero or minimal tillage and non-burning while CSAITs mostly disseminated include manure application, mulching, and timely harvesting. The MPAs used for CSA-related tasks include voice calls ( =2.78), Short Messaging Service (SMS) ( =2.53), calculators ( =2.46), camera ( =2.46) and emails ( =2.43). Constraints to using MPAs for CSAITs-related tasks included inadequate knowledge and skills in CSAITs ( =3.72) and in the use of many MPAs and