Postweaning Experiences and Emotional Responsiveness

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Duke ◽  
J. L. Seaman
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Emotional Responsiveness ◽  
Second Period

One group of albino rats ( N = 22) lived in the stimulating environment of a large cage for 100 days after weaning, while another group ( N = 17) lived in standard cages. After testing, the environments of the two groups were reversed for a second period of 100 days, after which the first tests were repeated. The group reared in the large cage from weaning was less disturbed in the open-field test on both occasions. This group also performed better in water maze and sink-escape problems on the first test, but data from the second test could not be meaningfully evaluated. Results were interpreted as being consistent with research of Levine and Denenberg.

Neurological behaviour of albino rats treated separately and in combination with Cannabis sativa L. and Cannabis indica L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Ashidi ◽  
Irene. E. Emeya ◽  
Folarin O. Owagboriaye ◽  
Roseline T. Feyisola ◽  
Olubukola I. Lawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Cannabis Indica ◽  
The Brain

There has been an increasing rate of cannabis consumption globally, especially among the youths. This study therefore evaluated the neurological behaviours and some brain marker hormones and enzymes of cannabis administered rats. Twenty six albino rats were divided into four groups based on oral cannabis administration (control, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and the combination of the two). At the end of seven days, open field test was conducted on the rats. Also, brain neuro-chemicals, activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were evaluated using spectrophotometry. The results of the Open-Field Test showed an appreciable increase in the level of ambulation (line crossing), grooming, urination and stretched attend posture in the rats administered with Cannabis indica, Cannabis sativa and the combination when compared with the control. Norepinephrine was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the rat groups administered with the combination of Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa. The control group however had the lowest dopamine level. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the rats administered the combination of both Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa. The brain level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was significantly higher in the rats administered with Cannabis indica. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher in the rats administered with Cannabis sativa than the other rat groups. Histopathological evaluation of the brain also revealed various damages in the brain cells of rats administered with cannabis compared to the normal brain structure of the control rats. It is thus said that consumption of C. sativa or C. indica alone produced mild effect on the brain cells and physiology in rats. However, combination of C. sativa and C. indica produced a severe synergistic effect on the neurological function of the exposed rat.

Neurobehavioral alterations in rats exposed to acrylonitrile in drinking water

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Rongzhu ◽  
W Suhua ◽  
X Guangwei ◽  
H Fangan ◽  
C Ziqiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Spatial Water Maze

This study was carried out on rodents, to explore the neurobehavioral effects of acrylonitrile (AN) administered in drinking water. Thirty, male, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: two exposure groups (50 and 200 ppm AN), and one control group (tap water without AN). Three tests, including the open field test, rotarod test and spatial water maze, were applied to evaluate locomotor activities, motor co-ordination and learning and memory, respectively, prior to initiation of the treatment, and at Week 4, 8 and 12 postexposure. There were no consistent changes in the open field test, except for locomotion and grooming episodes. In the rotarod test, AN significantly decreased the latencies to fall in a dose and time-dependent manner. In the spatial water maze test, rats exposed to AN for 12 weeks had significantly more training times and longer escape latencies than control animals. These findings indicate that oral exposure to AN induces neurobehavioral alterations in rats.

BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF PRENATAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION IN THE WHITE RAT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-324
Author(s):  
Jack Werboff ◽  
Jacques S. Gottlieb ◽  
Joan Havlena ◽  
Thomas J. Word
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Conditioned Avoidance ◽  
Maze Learning ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Conditioned Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Increased Activity

Pregnant albino rats received daily injections of reserpine, iproniazid, 5-HTP, BAS, or sterile water during the second trimester of pregnancy. Offspring of these animals were evaluated on a battery of behavioral measures. There were no uniform effects of the administration of drugs to pregnant mothers. These drugs did have generally adverse effects on maternal mortality and total resorption of the litter. Iproniazid appeared to be most toxic. Significant neonatal mortality occurred in all experimental groups, with 100% mortality of the offspring of mothers receiving iproniazid. Weight of the experimental offspring was less than that of the control offspring, with differences becoming more apparent as the animals grew older. No effect on motor maturation was observed. Activity on the small open field test yielded inconclusive results. However, activity on the inclined plane revealed that offspring of mothers that had been treated with 5-HTP and BAS were significantly faster than control offspring. Increased activity and increased emotionality was observed in the experimental offspring on the open field test. Greater susceptibility to seizures produced by audiogenic stimuli was also found in the experimental animals. In contrast, there were no defects in learning ability in the experimental offspring in either the maze learning or conditioned avoidance behavior situation.

The Effects of Aqueous Extract of Boswellia Serrata on Memory Impairment Induced by Lipopolysaccharide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Borooni ◽  
Fahimeh Nourbakhsh ◽  
Elahe Tajbakhsh ◽  
Parisa Behshood
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Cerebral Inflammation

Background and Aims: The therapeutic effects of the olibanum, the resin of Boswellia serrata (B. serrata) from the Burseraceae family in inflammatory disease have been reported. There are more than 200 active ingredients in this resin, including Boswellic acid. It is proposed that aqueous extract of B. serrata can improve memory impairment induced by cerebral inflammation result in the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and Methods: In this study, after the treatment of rats with LPS, brain toxicity induction was performed, and finally, the behavioral tests were evaluated. Following cerebral inflammation induction and treatment, behavioral performance biochemistry tests and molecular methods were assessed in all groups. Results: LPS administration increased the duration and distance to find the platform in the Morris water maze test compared to the control group in 5 days (p<0.05 to p<0.001). Furthermore, LPS reduced the peripheral, central, and total locomotion compared to the control group (p< 0.001) in the open field test. Pretreatment with both doses of aqueous extract of B. serrata enhanced performances of the rats in Morris water maze (p<0.05 to p<0.01) and open field test (p<0.01 to p<0.001). LPS also increased hippocampus Interleukin-6, malondialdehyde levels (p<0.001). Conclusion: Aqueous extract of B. serrata can be a useful drug in memory impairment caused by LPS-induced inflammation.

scholarly journals Huang Qin Hua Shi decoction for high-temperature- and high-humidity-induced cognitive-behavioral disorder in rats is associated with deactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 5752-5766
Author(s):  
Yong Luo ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Mingyang Guo ◽  
Xiaolong Zhong ◽  
Yonghe Hu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
High Humidity

Objective To investigate the effects of Huang Qin Hua Shi (HQ) decoction on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in rats under high-temperature (hT)- and high-humidity (hH)-induced stress. Methods Male rats were randomized into four groups: rats without stress; rats induced with hT (35 ± 1°C) and hH (85 ± 5% humidity); rats induced with hT and hH and treated with HQ decoction; and rats induced with hT and hH and treated with mifepristone. After 3 weeks, rats underwent the Morris water maze and open-field test. Rat hypothalami were analyzed pathologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression was evaluated by in situ hybridization. Serum levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosteroid (CORT) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The administration of mifepristone or HQ in stressed rats significantly improved their performance in the Morris water maze test and increased the central-to-peripheral ratio and incidence of deep rearing in the open-field test. Mifepristone and HQ also reversed histological changes in the hypothalami of stressed rats. Compared with control rats, GR mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and serum CRH, ACTH, and CORT were significantly elevated in rats stressed with hT and hH, and these changes were attenuated by mifepristone and HQ. Conclusion HQ decoction protects against hT- and hH-induced cognitive-behavioral disorder and its therapeutic effect is associated with decreased HPA axis activity.

scholarly journals Toxicity and Neuropharmacological Effects of Elenine

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Navarro ◽  
S. J. Alonso ◽  
R. Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Traction Test ◽  
Central Depressant

Elenine is the aglycone of elenoside, a cytotoxic arylnaphthalene lignan (NSC 644013-W/1) derived fromJusticia hyssopifolia. (Family: Acanthaceae). Elenoside is a β-D-glucoside, with a similar chemical structure to etoposide, exhibiting central depressant activity. In the present study, elenine was given to mice and rats at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. Acute toxicity (24 h) and general behaviour in mice was studied as well as its effects on muscular relaxant activity, locomotor activity (Varimex test), and the open-field test and were compared with 10 mg/kg of chlorpromazine. Elenine produced a reduction in the permanence time in muscular relaxant activity (traction test). Spontaneous activity was lower in the Varimex test. The ambulation and rearing were lower compared with the control group, and an increase in boluses was observed in the open-field test. Thus, it can be concluded that elenine has central sedative effects at lower doses than those used with elenoside and has a possible application in conditions of anxiety.

scholarly journals Participation ofGABAAChloride Channels in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of a Fatty Acid Mixture

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Gaba Binding ◽  
Defensive Burying

Human amniotic fluid and a mixture of eight fatty acids (FAT-M) identified in this maternal fluid (C12:0, lauric acid, 0.9 μg%; C14:0, myristic acid, 6.9 μg%; C16:0, palmitic acid, 35.3 μg%; C16:1, palmitoleic acid, 16.4 μg%; C18:0, stearic acid, 8.5 μg%; C18:1cis, oleic acid, 18.4 μg%; C18:1trans, elaidic acid, 3.5 μg%; C18:2, linoleic acid, 10.1 μg%) produce anxiolytic-like effects that are comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats, suggesting the involvement ofγ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, a possibility not yet explored. Wistar rats were subjected to the defensive burying test, elevated plus maze, and open field test. In different groups, threeGABAAreceptor antagonists were administered 30 min before FAT-M administration, including the competitive GABA binding antagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg),GABAAbenzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (5 mg/kg), and noncompetitiveGABAAchloride channel antagonist picrotoxin (1 mg/kg). The FAT-M exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the defensive burying test and elevated plus maze, without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test. TheGABAAantagonists alone did not produce significant changes in the behavioral tests. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline or flumazenil blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of the FAT-M. Based on the specific blocking action of picrotoxin on the effects of the FAT-M, we conclude that the FAT-M exerted its anxiolytic-like effects throughGABAAreceptor chloride channels.

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