BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF PRENATAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION IN THE WHITE RAT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-324
Author(s):  
Jack Werboff ◽  
Jacques S. Gottlieb ◽  
Joan Havlena ◽  
Thomas J. Word
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Conditioned Avoidance ◽  
Maze Learning ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Conditioned Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Increased Activity

Pregnant albino rats received daily injections of reserpine, iproniazid, 5-HTP, BAS, or sterile water during the second trimester of pregnancy. Offspring of these animals were evaluated on a battery of behavioral measures. There were no uniform effects of the administration of drugs to pregnant mothers. These drugs did have generally adverse effects on maternal mortality and total resorption of the litter. Iproniazid appeared to be most toxic. Significant neonatal mortality occurred in all experimental groups, with 100% mortality of the offspring of mothers receiving iproniazid. Weight of the experimental offspring was less than that of the control offspring, with differences becoming more apparent as the animals grew older. No effect on motor maturation was observed. Activity on the small open field test yielded inconclusive results. However, activity on the inclined plane revealed that offspring of mothers that had been treated with 5-HTP and BAS were significantly faster than control offspring. Increased activity and increased emotionality was observed in the experimental offspring on the open field test. Greater susceptibility to seizures produced by audiogenic stimuli was also found in the experimental animals. In contrast, there were no defects in learning ability in the experimental offspring in either the maze learning or conditioned avoidance behavior situation.

Neurological behaviour of albino rats treated separately and in combination with Cannabis sativa L. and Cannabis indica L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Ashidi ◽  
Irene. E. Emeya ◽  
Folarin O. Owagboriaye ◽  
Roseline T. Feyisola ◽  
Olubukola I. Lawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Cannabis Indica ◽  
The Brain

There has been an increasing rate of cannabis consumption globally, especially among the youths. This study therefore evaluated the neurological behaviours and some brain marker hormones and enzymes of cannabis administered rats. Twenty six albino rats were divided into four groups based on oral cannabis administration (control, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and the combination of the two). At the end of seven days, open field test was conducted on the rats. Also, brain neuro-chemicals, activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were evaluated using spectrophotometry. The results of the Open-Field Test showed an appreciable increase in the level of ambulation (line crossing), grooming, urination and stretched attend posture in the rats administered with Cannabis indica, Cannabis sativa and the combination when compared with the control. Norepinephrine was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the rat groups administered with the combination of Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa. The control group however had the lowest dopamine level. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the rats administered the combination of both Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa. The brain level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was significantly higher in the rats administered with Cannabis indica. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher in the rats administered with Cannabis sativa than the other rat groups. Histopathological evaluation of the brain also revealed various damages in the brain cells of rats administered with cannabis compared to the normal brain structure of the control rats. It is thus said that consumption of C. sativa or C. indica alone produced mild effect on the brain cells and physiology in rats. However, combination of C. sativa and C. indica produced a severe synergistic effect on the neurological function of the exposed rat.

scholarly journals The effect of sire line on growth, ambulating in novel environment and maze learning in heifers

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Broucek ◽  
S. Mihina ◽  
M. Uhrincat ◽  
P. Kisac ◽  
A. Hanus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Maze Learning ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Novel Environment ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Growth Movement

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sire's lineage on live body growth, movement in open-field arena and time of acrossing the maze of heifers. 54 Holstein heifers, which descended from 7 sires, were used. The highest growth from the birth to 21 months was found in the progeny of sire D, the lowest growth in daughters of sire line B (0.74 ± 0.05 kg vs. 0.62 ± 0.08 kg; P < 0.01). Number of crossed squares in open-field tests did not vary significantly among sire lines. Significant differences were found among sires in the time across of the maze (P < 0.01). Daughters after F and E sires solved the maze more quickly then the others. We found significant relationships between a number of crossed squares during 5 minute open-field test and daily weight gains from the birth to the 6th month of life (r = 0.3712** at the age of 16 weeks and r = 0.3792** at the age of 18 months). Under consideration of the low number of animals analyses showed, that sire's lineage has impact on the growth and maze behaviour.

Postweaning Experiences and Emotional Responsiveness

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Duke ◽  
J. L. Seaman
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Emotional Responsiveness ◽  
Second Period

One group of albino rats ( N = 22) lived in the stimulating environment of a large cage for 100 days after weaning, while another group ( N = 17) lived in standard cages. After testing, the environments of the two groups were reversed for a second period of 100 days, after which the first tests were repeated. The group reared in the large cage from weaning was less disturbed in the open-field test on both occasions. This group also performed better in water maze and sink-escape problems on the first test, but data from the second test could not be meaningfully evaluated. Results were interpreted as being consistent with research of Levine and Denenberg.

scholarly journals Toxicity and Neuropharmacological Effects of Elenine

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Navarro ◽  
S. J. Alonso ◽  
R. Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Traction Test ◽  
Central Depressant

Elenine is the aglycone of elenoside, a cytotoxic arylnaphthalene lignan (NSC 644013-W/1) derived fromJusticia hyssopifolia. (Family: Acanthaceae). Elenoside is a β-D-glucoside, with a similar chemical structure to etoposide, exhibiting central depressant activity. In the present study, elenine was given to mice and rats at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. Acute toxicity (24 h) and general behaviour in mice was studied as well as its effects on muscular relaxant activity, locomotor activity (Varimex test), and the open-field test and were compared with 10 mg/kg of chlorpromazine. Elenine produced a reduction in the permanence time in muscular relaxant activity (traction test). Spontaneous activity was lower in the Varimex test. The ambulation and rearing were lower compared with the control group, and an increase in boluses was observed in the open-field test. Thus, it can be concluded that elenine has central sedative effects at lower doses than those used with elenoside and has a possible application in conditions of anxiety.

scholarly journals Participation ofGABAAChloride Channels in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of a Fatty Acid Mixture

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Gaba Binding ◽  
Defensive Burying

Human amniotic fluid and a mixture of eight fatty acids (FAT-M) identified in this maternal fluid (C12:0, lauric acid, 0.9 μg%; C14:0, myristic acid, 6.9 μg%; C16:0, palmitic acid, 35.3 μg%; C16:1, palmitoleic acid, 16.4 μg%; C18:0, stearic acid, 8.5 μg%; C18:1cis, oleic acid, 18.4 μg%; C18:1trans, elaidic acid, 3.5 μg%; C18:2, linoleic acid, 10.1 μg%) produce anxiolytic-like effects that are comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats, suggesting the involvement ofγ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, a possibility not yet explored. Wistar rats were subjected to the defensive burying test, elevated plus maze, and open field test. In different groups, threeGABAAreceptor antagonists were administered 30 min before FAT-M administration, including the competitive GABA binding antagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg),GABAAbenzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (5 mg/kg), and noncompetitiveGABAAchloride channel antagonist picrotoxin (1 mg/kg). The FAT-M exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the defensive burying test and elevated plus maze, without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test. TheGABAAantagonists alone did not produce significant changes in the behavioral tests. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline or flumazenil blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of the FAT-M. Based on the specific blocking action of picrotoxin on the effects of the FAT-M, we conclude that the FAT-M exerted its anxiolytic-like effects throughGABAAreceptor chloride channels.

Acute effects of ethanol on behavioral responses of male and female zebrafish in the open field test with the influence of a non-familiar object

2021 ◽  
pp. 104474
Author(s):  
Thiele P. Souza ◽  
Francini Franscescon ◽  
Flavia V. Stefanello ◽  
Talise E. Müller ◽  
Laura W. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Familiar Object ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Zebrafish

Garcinia Camobogia Extract Alters Anxiety, Sociability, and Dopamine Turnover in Male Swiss Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Ibrahim ◽  
Marina Aboelsaad ◽  
Fatma Tony ◽  
Moustafa Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Dopamine Turnover ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Garcinia Cambogia ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

Abstract Background: Obesity is a global concern, closely allied with somatic and psychosomatic disorders. Herbal drugs are available in modern medicine to treat obesity. Garcinia camobogia being used by so many people trying to lose weight produces various systemic side effects. The study was conducted to assess its effect on anxiety, sociability, and dopamine turnover in male mice. Methodology: Male Swiss albino mice of either were divided into three groups with seven mice in each group. Different groups were given distilled water (0.5ml p.o.) and Garcinia cambogia extract at two different doses (100mg/kg and 500 mg/kg p.o.). Effect of test drugs on anxiety was evaluated using open field test. Sociability and social novelty were evaluated using three chambers test. Results (mean ± standard deviation) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test. Result: Garcinia cambogia extract significantly increased the time spent in the corners in the open field test, significantly reduced sociability and social novelty in the three chamber test, significantly reduced dopamine turnover and increased D2 receptor expression in ventral tegmental area. Conclusion: Garcinia cambogia extract have significant anxiogenic effect along with reduced sociability and social novelty in male mice. Moreover, these effects could be related to the altered dopamine turnover and D2 receptor expression in mice brain.

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