Experimenter-Subject Interaction in Verbal Conditioning: Review of the Literature

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kessel ◽  
K. J. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Interpersonal Attraction ◽  
Psychological Test ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interpersonal Influence ◽  
Verbal Conditioning ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Interaction Variable

This paper reviews investigations of the E-S interaction variable in verbal conditioning. The research is viewed in terms of the constructs of interpersonal attraction and interpersonal influence and is categorized under the headings: (a) experiments in which Es with different physical and personality characteristics are used; (b) experiments in which S's attraction to E is manipulated by S's interaction with him (resultant interpersonal attraction); (c) experiments in which S's attraction to E is manipulated by matching Es with Ss on the basis of psychological test scores; (d) experiments in which S's attraction to E is manipulated by having a collaborator give S information about E (induced interpersonal attraction). Major findings are summarized and suggestions for future research mentioned.

Values and Psychotherapy: A Review of the Literature

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 669-690E ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kessel ◽  
John F. McBrearty
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Attraction ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Interpersonal Influence ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Value Similarity ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Relationship ◽  
Analogue Research ◽  
Patient Value

This paper reviews theoretical literature and empirical investigations concerning the role of values in psychotherapy. Contrary to traditional psychoanalytic conceptualization, the psychotherapeutic relationship is viewed in terms of interpersonal attraction and interpersonal influence and some degree of therapist-patient value similarity is considered a prerequisite for positive attraction, effective communication, and influence of therapist over patient. The importance of matching therapist-patient pairs on the value dimension is stressed. Psychotherapy-analogue research is cited as a vehicle for exploring the role of values in psychotherapy.

scholarly journals Smart teachers, successful students? A systematic review of the literature on teachers’ cognitive abilities and teacher effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bardach ◽  
Robert Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Teacher Effectiveness ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
College Entrance ◽  
College Entrance Exam ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores

This study provides a systematic review of the literature on teachers’ cognitive abilities (intelligence test scores and proxies of cognitive abilities such as college entrance exam scores and basic skills test scores) and teacher effectiveness. Twenty-seven studies conducted between 2000 and 2019 constitute the sample for this review. Studies using intelligence test scores were rare, with the results indicating no or negative associations with teacher effectiveness. Studies on proxies of cognitive abilities yielded, at most, small positive relations with teacher effectiveness. However, behind these overall results regarding proxies of cognitive abilities lie interesting heterogeneities, as several studies analyzing different test domains uncover a differentiated pattern of findings. We also identify key limitations related to construct measurement, sampling approaches, statistical analyses and the interpretation and reporting of the included studies, and outline a path for future research on teachers’ cognitive abilities and teacher effectiveness.

Telepractice for Adult Speech-Language Pathology Services: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Weidner ◽  
Joneen Lowman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Delivery Model ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Screening Assessment

Purpose We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding adult telepractice services (screening, assessment, and treatment) from approximately 2014 to 2019. Method Thirty-one relevant studies were identified from a literature search, assessed for quality, and reported. Results Included studies illustrated feasibility, efficacy, diagnostic accuracy, and noninferiority of various speech-language pathology services across adult populations, including chronic aphasia, Parkinson's disease, dysphagia, and primary progressive aphasia. Technical aspects of the equipment and software used to deliver services were discussed. Some general themes were noted as areas for future research. Conclusion Overall, results of the review continue to support the use of telepractice as an appropriate service delivery model in speech-language pathology for adults. Strong research designs, including experimental control, across multiple well-described settings are still needed to definitively determine effectiveness of telepractice services.

Sustainability Certification and Green Public Procurement: Ideals and Outcomes in a New Jersey School District

2021 ◽  
pp. 097340822110125
Author(s):  
Cluny Mendez ◽  
Christopher L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
School District ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Green Public Procurement ◽  
The Subject

The implementation of sustainability and green public procurement (GPP) initiatives in school districts has been the subject of some debate; questions over definitions and programme goals have led to inconsistency and concerns about programme achievements. The legitimacy of programmes rests not only with the announcement of policy by officials, but with adherence to policy and staff buy-in. This study examines barriers districts face, and makes recommendations based upon district experience on ways to successfully implement sustainability and GPP initiatives. A review of the literature on GPP and legitimacy in the execution of public functions within the education domain begins the study. Major components relative to best practices for GPP programmes are studied through the review of GPP-related documents from a school district in New Jersey considered as an exemplar of such programmes. Analysis of an interview with the district’s representatives suggests that, despite the normative approval such programmes receive, and widespread understanding of the rationale for pursuing such initiatives, there remain critical failings in implementation of these programmes, stemming from education, resourcing of initiatives and prioritization of green procurement in relation to other district priorities. The study concludes with lessons learned from this case, which is important given its positioning within New Jersey as an exemplar and recommendations for future research where work in this area is needed.

Mnemonic Instruction of LD Students: A Field-Based Evaluation

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Scruggs ◽  
Margo A. Mastropieri
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Age ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Mnemonic Instruction ◽  
Sizeable Number

A sizeable number of research studies have demonstrated the potential of mnemonic instruction with learning disabled (LD) students. However, reports of actual classroom applications of this type of instruction are lacking. In the present investigation, three classrooms of LD junior-high-school-age students were taught U.S. history content over an 8-week period, in which mnemonic and nonmnemonic materials were alternated. Evaluation of chapter test scores indicated that students learned significantly (and substantially) more information when instructed mnemonically, and that they were assigned higher grades for chapters which had been instructed mnemonically. Furthermore, teacher ratings indicated that mnemonic materials were significantly more appropriate for the needs of LD students than traditional textbook-based materials. Implications for future research and practice are addressed.

scholarly journals Microvascular decompression for tinnitus: systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 1148-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenton Nash ◽  
Matthew L. Carlson ◽  
Jamie J. Van Gompel
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Microvascular Decompression ◽  
English Language ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Preoperative Symptom ◽  
Operative Outcomes ◽  
Review Reports

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine operative outcomes in cases of microvascular decompression (MVD) of cranial nerve (CN) VIII for tinnitus through a critical review of the literature. METHODS Forty-three English-language articles were gathered from PubMed and analyzed. In this review, two different case types were distinguished: 1) tinnitus-only symptomatology, which was defined as a patient with tinnitus with or without sensorineural hearing loss; and 2) mixed symptomatology, which was defined as tinnitus with symptoms of other CN dysfunction. This review reports outcomes of those with tinnitus-only symptoms. RESULTS Forty-three tinnitus-only cases were found in the literature with a 60% positive outcome rate following MVD. Analysis revealed a 5-year cutoff of preoperative symptom duration before which a good outcome can be predicted with 78.6% sensitivity, and after which a poor outcome can be predicted with 80% specificity. CONCLUSIONS As the 60% success rate is more promising than several other therapeutic options open to the chronic tinnitus sufferer, future research into this field is warranted.

scholarly journals Factors related to sense of competence in family caregivers of people living with dementia in the community: a narrative synthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 799-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacki Stansfeld ◽  
Nadia Crellin ◽  
Martin Orrell ◽  
Jennifer Wenborn ◽  
Georgina Charlesworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sense Of Competence ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Quality Rating ◽  
Clinical Concept ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

ABSTRACTObjectives:Sense of competence defines a caregiver’s feeling of being capable to manage the caregiving task and is an important clinical concept in the caregiving literature. The aim of this review was to identify the factors, both positive and negative, associated with a caregiver’s perception of their sense of competence.Design:A systematic review of the literature was conducted, retrieving both quantitative and qualitative papers from databases PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Medline. A quality assessment was conducted using the STROBE and CASP checklists, and the quality rating informed the inclusion of papers ensuring the evidence was robust. Narrative synthesis was employed to synthesize the findings and to generate an updated conceptual model of sense of competence.Results:Seventeen papers were included in the review, all of which were moderate to high quality. These included 13 quantitative, three mixed-methods and one qualitative study. Factors associated with sense of competence included: behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), caregiver depression, gratitude, and the ability to find meaning in caregiving.Conclusions:The results of this review demonstrate that both positive and negative aspects of caring are associated with caregiver sense of competence. Positive and negative aspects of caregiving act in tandem to influence caregiver perception of their competence. The proposed model of sense of competence aims to guide future research and clinical interventions aimed at improving this domain but requires further testing, as due to the observational nature of the include papers, the direction of causality could not be inferred.

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