A Chained Adjusting Ratio Schedule

John J. Randolph; William R. Sewell

doi:10.2466/pr0.1968.22.3.989

A Chained Adjusting Ratio Schedule

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1968.22.3.989 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 989-995 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John J. Randolph ◽

William R. Sewell

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Ratio Schedule ◽

Preceding Interval

3 pigeons were exposed to a chained FI 2, adjusting ratio schedule in which the ratio was equal to the number of responses emitted in the preceding interval. When the correlation between the interval output and the following ratio was removed, interval rates declined. A descriptive analysis of sequential interval output suggested an explanation for these findings.

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Behavior during Extended Exposure to a Multiple Fixed-Interval Adjusting Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1969.24.1.319 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 319-322

Author(s):

John J. Randolph

Keyword(s):

Response Rates ◽

Fixed Interval ◽

Ratio Schedule ◽

Ratio Requirement ◽

Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽

Preceding Interval ◽

Interval Ratio ◽

Extended Exposure ◽

Ratio Response

Three pigeons were exposed to a multiple FI 2 adjusting ratio schedule of reinforcement for periods up to 218 sessions. The ratio requirement was equal to the number of responses in the preceding interval. Ratio response rates varied between those normally found with VR schedules and patterns of responding similar to those produced by FI contingencies.

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The Elicited Language Analysis Procedure

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1301.37 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

Larry J. Mattes

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Quality Measures ◽

Analysis Procedure ◽

Elicited Imitation ◽

Response Quality ◽

Semantic Relationships ◽

Language Analysis

Elicited imitation tasks are frequently used as a diagnostic tool in evaluating children with communication handicaps. This article presents a scoring procedure that can be used to obtain an in-depth descriptive analysis of responses produced on elicited imitation tasks. The Elicited Language Analysis Procedure makes it possible to systematically evaluate responses in terms of both their syntactic and semantic relationships to the stimulus sentences presented by the examiner. Response quality measures are also included in the analysis procedure.

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Response Strength of Young Children in Operant Audiometry

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.2804.539 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 539-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Michael A. Primus ◽

Gary Thompson

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Response Strength ◽

Ratio Schedule ◽

Intermittent Reinforcement ◽

Response Recovery ◽

Conditioning Rate ◽

Response Performance ◽

Response Consistency ◽

Measured Response ◽

Response Habituation

An operant conditioning discrimination paradigm was evaluated in terms of relationships between response behavior of young children and two stimulus components of the paradigm, the discriminative stimulus (DS) and the reinforcing stimulus (RS). Experiment I measured response performance in normal 1-year-old subjects as a function of differences in intensity and/or complexity among three DSs. Results showed no significant differences in conditioning rate, habituation, or consistency of the conditioned response relative to variable properties of the DS. Experiment II examined response performance of normal 2-year-old children as a function of two modifications in the RS, reinforcement schedule and reinforcement novelty. Subjects reinforced on a variable-ratio schedule of intermittent reinforcement and subjects reinforced on a 100% schedule demonstrated equivalent response habituation and consistency. In the second part of the experiment, subjects receiving novel RSs showed significantly greater response recovery than subjects reinforced with familiar RSs. Comparison of normal 1- and 2-year-old children revealed similar rates of conditioning and response consistency. However, 2-year-olds habituated more rapidly than 1-year-olds.

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Perceptions of Adjunctive Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to Prevent Suicidal Behavior Among High Suicide-Risk Outpatient Participants

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000519 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 451-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Megan S. Chesin ◽

Beth S. Brodsky ◽

Brandon Beeler ◽

Christopher A. Benjamin-Phillips ◽

Ida Taghavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Group Treatment ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Treatment Engagement ◽

Suicidal Thinking ◽

Prevention Interventions ◽

Risk Patients

Abstract. Background: Few investigations of patient perceptions of suicide prevention interventions exist, limiting our understanding of the processes and components of treatment that may be engaging and effective for high suicide-risk patients. Aims: Building on promising quantitative data that showed that adjunct mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to prevent suicidal behavior (MBCT-S) reduced suicidal thinking and depression among high suicide-risk patients, we subjected MBCT-S to qualitative inspection by patient participants. Method: Data were provided by 15 patients who completed MBCT-S during a focus group and/or via a survey. Qualitative data were coded using thematic analysis. Themes were summarized using descriptive analysis. Results: Most patients viewed the intervention as acceptable and feasible. Patients attributed MBCT-S treatment engagement and clinical improvement to improved emotion regulation. A minority of patients indicated that factors related to the group treatment modality were helpful. A small percentage of patients found that aspects of the treatment increased emotional distress and triggered suicidal thinking. These experiences, however, were described as fleeting and were not linked to suicidal behavior. Limitations: The sample size was small. Conclusion: Information gathered from this study may assist in refining MBCT-S and treatments to prevent suicidal behavior among high suicide-risk patients generally.

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