Experimenter Effect on Sex-Role Preference among Black and White Lower-Class Male Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1295-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy A. Doll ◽  
Hacker J. Fagot ◽  
Joanna D. Himbert
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Experimenter Effect ◽  
Role Preference ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Main Effects

The It Scale for Children (ITSC) was administered to 240 white and black lower-class children at 6-, 9-, and 12-yr.-old age levels. Neither the sex of E nor the age and race of S had any main effects on sex-role preference scores, but there were significant interactions between sex of E, race of S and administration method.

Examiner Effect on Sex-Role Preference among Black and White Lower-Class Female Children

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy A. Doll ◽  
Hacker J. Fagot ◽  
Joanna D. Himbert
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Standard Version ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Role Preference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Female Children

The IT Scale for Children (ITSC) was administered to 240 white and black lower-class gills at 6-, 9-, and 12-yr.-old age levels. On the standard version, race and age of Ss had significant effects on sex-role preference scores, but the sex of the examiner did not. On the concealed version, the sex of the examiner had a significant main effect. In addition, there was significant interaction between sex of examiner and the age and race of Ss.

Sex-Role Preference and Parental Imitation within Groups of Middle-Class Whites and Lower-Class Blacks

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Black Boys ◽  
White Children ◽  
White Girls ◽  
Role Preference

32 second-grade children were assessed on measures of sex-role preference and parental imitation. The middle-class white boys were more masculine in preference than the middle-class white girls were feminine ( t = 3.43, p < .01), and lower-class black girls tended to be more mother imitative than the lower-class black boys were father imitative ( r = 2.09, p < .06). No such differences were found in sex-role preference for blacks or in imitation for whites. The results indicated that there was a dominant masculine influence in the development of sex-role preference among middle-class white children and a dominant feminine influence in parental imitation among lower-class black children.

Sex-Role Preference in Black Preschool Children Using a Modification of the it Scale for Children

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Dill ◽  
Corine E. Bradford ◽  
Suze Prudent ◽  
L. Semaj ◽  
Jay Harper
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Black Boys ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Role Behavior ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Role Preference ◽  
White Sample

In the present study, the facial features of the “IT” figure in the IT Scale for Children were used as a less biased modification for measuring sex-role preference of preschool black children (46 boys, 47 girls). Data showed that the majority of the children identified “IT” as their own sex. Also, significant differences were obtained between the present sample of black boys and those black boys in a comparison sample. No differences existed, however, between the present sample and the original normative white sample of boys. Black girls in the present sample were as feminine as both the black and white comparison samples. The results indicate that the facial features version is appropriate when using the IT Scale. Black children seemed to manifest sex-role preference similar to their white peers although girls' scores were more variable. Previous assumptions regarding the socialization of sex-role behavior of black children are challengeable and must be reconsidered.

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