Effects of Pretraining with Fear and Escape Conditioning on Shuttlebox Avoidance Acquisition by Goldfish

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Gallon
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Avoidance Acquisition ◽  
Escape Conditioning ◽  
Shuttlebox Avoidance ◽  
Present Procedure

Goldfish received 20 trials of fear conditioning with or without an escape contingency, escape conditioning, shock alone, or adaptation prior to shuttlebox avoidance acquisition. Fear conditioning facilitated acquisition as predicted by two-process theory. The result is interpreted to show that fear conditioning establishes the CS as motivational and that the present procedure enhances the effect of an aversive CS. Neither shock alone nor escape conditioning significantly affected acquisition.

Acquisition and Extinction of Shuttlebox Avoidance in Chinchilla (Chinchilla Lanigera)

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
John B. Carman
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Extinction Training ◽  
Avoidance Acquisition ◽  
Shuttlebox Avoidance ◽  
Optimum Performance ◽  
Superior Avoidance ◽  
A Performance

2 groups of chinchillas ( Chinchilla lanigera) were trained to avoid shock (1.6 mA or 3.0 mA) in a two-way shuttlebox. The less intense US produced substantially superior avoidance acquisition. The higher US intensity generated an unexpected increase in the level of intertrial responding during extinction training. This effect was interpreted in terms of the extinction of “freezing” responses which appeared to account for the inferior avoidance acquisition of the higher US group. Unlike other representatives of the order rodentia which have been subjected to shuttlebox avoidance training, the chinchilla displays a performance which is at least comparable to the optimum performance of the rat.

scholarly journals Discriminative compartimental CSs in shuttlebox avoidance acquisition

1968 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 341-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Freedman ◽  
B. Steven Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Acquisition ◽  
Shuttlebox Avoidance

Effects of Shock Intensity on Shuttlebox Avoidance Conditioning in Goldfish

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gallon
Keyword(s):  
Shock Intensity ◽  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Avoidance Acquisition ◽  
Shuttlebox Avoidance ◽  
Response Decrement ◽  
Physical Limit

40 goldfish were subjected to shuttlebox avoidance acquisition at 4 shock intensity levels from 3 V to 9 V. The results showed an inverted U-shaped curve, similar to that found in dogs, with an optimum at 7 V. The curve for intertrial responding was similar to the acquisition function. Conditioning at 10 V was unsuccessful, so that 9 V may approach the physical limit to which the fish can withstand shock. The response decrement at 9 V may be due to the debilitating effects of shock.

A challenge for predictive coding: Representational or experiential diversity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina G. Vilas ◽  
Lucia Melloni
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Process Theory

Abstract To become a unifying theory of brain function, predictive processing (PP) must accommodate its rich representational diversity. Gilead et al. claim such diversity requires a multi-process theory, and thus is out of reach for PP, which postulates a universal canonical computation. We contend this argument and instead propose that PP fails to account for the experiential level of representations.

Effects of an Anxiety-Specific Psychometric Factor on Fear Conditioning and Fear Generalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Baumann ◽  
Miriam A. Schiele ◽  
Martin J. Herrmann ◽  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Peter Zwanzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
High Anxious ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Fear Generalization

Abstract. Conditioning and generalization of fear are assumed to play central roles in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Here we investigate the influence of a psychometric anxiety-specific factor on these two processes, thus try to identify a potential risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders. To this end, 126 healthy participants were examined with questionnaires assessing symptoms of anxiety and depression and with a fear conditioning and generalization paradigm. A principal component analysis of the questionnaire data identified two factors representing the constructs anxiety and depression. Variations in fear conditioning and fear generalization were solely associated with the anxiety factor characterized by anxiety sensitivity and agoraphobic cognitions; high-anxious individuals exhibited stronger fear responses (arousal) during conditioning and stronger generalization effects for valence and UCS-expectancy ratings. Thus, the revealed psychometric factor “anxiety” was associated with enhanced fear generalization, an assumed risk factor for anxiety disorders. These results ask for replication with a longitudinal design allowing to examine their predictive validity.

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

Role of dorsal and ventral hippocampal muscarinic receptor activity in acquisition and retention of contextual fear conditioning.

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-470
Author(s):  
Claudia C. Pinizzotto ◽  
Nicholas A. Heroux ◽  
Colin J. Horgan ◽  
Mark E. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Muscarinic Receptor ◽  
Contextual Fear Conditioning ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
Contextual Fear
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