Interaction of Locus of Control, Skill vs Chance Instructions, and Task Difficulty

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1059-1069
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Hart ◽  
J. Wesley Libb
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
First Response ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
To Receive ◽  
And Task

Previous studies on locus of control and instructions have been interpreted to support the position of either a social learning theory or an anxiety. 144 college students were separated into locus of control categories based on scores on Rotter's I-E Scale and randomly assigned to receive skill or chance instructions and one of three anagram tasks of varying levels of difficulty. Primary dependent variables were number of correct anagrams and latency to the first response. The ratio of typical shifts to the total number of shifts in expectancy of success served as a third dependent variable. A check on the credibility of the instructions was also performed. The results of the moderate task showed that internals given chance instructions responded faster and solved more anagrams correctly than when given skill instructions. When the credibility of instructions was taken into account, significant differences between the groups were found for only those who did not believe the instructions. Assessment of credibility of instructions provided valuable clarification since disbelief of instructions may account for the results found in earlier research as well.

ADHD symptoms and entrepreneurial intention among Vietnamese college students: an empirical study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Doanh Duong ◽  
Thi Loan Le
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Desirability

Purpose This study aims to develop a conceptual framework that integrated insights from Shapero and Sokol (1982)’s model of entrepreneurial event, Bandura (1977)’s social learning theory and clinical psychology to empirically test and discover the underlying mechanism of how attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) symptoms can influence student entrepreneurial intention. Design/methodology/approach The study uses structural equation modeling with a sample of 2,218 students from 14 universities in Vietnam. Findings The research reveals that although ADHD symptoms are not found to have the direct role in shaping student perceived feasibility entrepreneurial intention, these psychiatric symptoms have more influences and significances in the growth of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived desirability. Also, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived desirability are found to be full mediators in ADHD symptoms and entrepreneurial intention linkage. Besides, both perceived desirability and perceived feasibility partially mediate the entrepreneurial self-efficacy effect on entrepreneurial intention. Practical implications The findings provide policymakers and universities with important insights into how to nurture intention to become entrepreneurs among college students, especially those individuals. Originality/value The present study offers a new insight about the linkage between ADHD symptoms and entrepreneurial intention. Also, the model of entrepreneurial event and the social learning theory are shown to be unifying theoretical construct of the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and entrepreneurial intention among Vietnamese students.

scholarly journals Parental Antecedents of Locus of Control of Reinforcement: A Qualitative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Carton ◽  
Mikayla Ries ◽  
Stephen Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Qualitative Review ◽  
Psychological Concept ◽  
Previous Review ◽  
Wide Range

The construct of locus of control of reinforcement has generated thousands of studies since its introduction as a psychological concept by Julian Rotter (1966). Although evidence indicates its importance for a wide range of outcomes, comparatively little research has been directed toward identification of potential developmental antecedents of internal/external expectancies. A previous review of antecedent findings (Carton and Nowicki, 1994) called for more research to be completed, particularly using observational and/or longitudinal methodologies. The current paper summarizes and evaluates antecedent research published in the intervening years since Carton and Nowicki’s review. Results largely were consistent with expectations based on Rotter’s social learning theory, although there is still a need for researchers to use observational, rather than self-report methodologies, and to include data from non-western cultures.

COLLEGE STUDENTS AND BINGE DRINKING: AN EVALUATION OF SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith F. Durkin ◽  
Timothy W. Wolfe ◽  
Gregory A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory

Ideal Gender Identity Related to Parent Images and Locus of Control: Jungian and Social Learning Perspectives

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1187-1201
Author(s):  
Hiroko Shimoda ◽  
Soili Keskinen
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
University Students ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Gender Images ◽  
The Ideal

In this research, we wanted to clarify how gender images are different or invariant and related to parents, attributes, and the attitude of controlling life (locus of control) in two cultural contexts, Japan and Finland. For this purpose, students' ideal gender images, consisting of ideal mother, female, father and male images, and parents' similarity to the four ideal gender images were studied in 135 Japanese and 119 Finnish university students. Major findings were (a) Japanese students' ideal gender images were more stereotypic than those of Finnish students; (b) students' ideal mother image and parents' similarity to the ideal mother image were related only to their sex, which supports Jung's theory; (c) students socially learned other ideal gender images, but these did not fit with expectation from social learning theory; (d) Japanese students' mothers are models or examples of gender images, but Finnish male students did not seem to base their ideal gender images on their parents. Implication of measures was discussed.

Reward versus Response Cost as Incentives for Children Differing in Locus of Control for Positive and Negative Outcomes

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-645
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Howell ◽  
W. Larry Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Response Cost ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Intellectual Achievement ◽  
Responsibility Scale

An experiment was performed to compare the effects of reward and response cost on children differing in locus of control as assessed by the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Scale. Rather than utilizing total scores to categorize as internal and external, the positive and negative subscales were used to classify children into four locus of control categories. Students who scored consistently internal or external for both positive and negative outcomes did not differ in performance when given reward or response cost instructions, but internal subjects outperformed external ones. Students who were internal for negative outcomes and external for positive outcomes, and students who were external for negative outcomes and internal for positive outcomes performed better under response cost instructions. On the whole these results were interpreted as consistent with social learning theory and inconsistent with cue explication. Classroom applications are discussed, and it is suggested that researchers utilize the subscales more frequently.

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