A Measure of Individual Differences in Sex Stereotyping and Sex Discrimination: The “Macho” Scale

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne J. Villemez ◽  
John C. Touhey
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Stereotyping ◽  
Personality Correlates

A personality measure of individual differences in sex-role stereotyping and sex discrimination was developed. The “Macho” scale fulfills satisfactory psychometric criteria of internal consistency and reliability, and the 28 items are controlled for social desirability. Personality correlates of macho include sex-role orientation among males, and authoritarianism, and the scale discriminates between criterion groups selected from different ethnic and educational subcultures. Research applications of the scale to experimental and correlational studies in personality, social psychology, and sociology are proposed.

Sources of Sex Discrimination in Educational Systems: A Conceptual Model

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Kutner ◽  
Donna Brogan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Cognitive Structures ◽  
Total System ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Independent Variables

A conceptual model is presented which relates numerous variables believed to contribute to sexism in American education. Discrimination is viewed as intervening between two sets of interrelated independent variables and the dependent variable of sex inequalities in educational attainment. The two sets of independent variables are 1) internal psychological-cognitive structures of individuals who participate in the educational system, and 2) the educational system itself. Six internal psychological-cognitive structures are emphasized: sex-role orientation, sex difference stereotypes, ego strength, self-concept, and educational and occupational expectations. Sex-role orientation changes are viewed as the key to significant change in the total system described by the model.

A French Version of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Alain
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
French Version

Research on sex-roles has been extensive in recent years. More researchers are using sex-role orientation as a way to analyze and refine data analysis. The Bern Sex-role Inventory is popular and has been used in different cultural contexts and sometimes in different languages. This study presents a French version. Internal consistency of the inventory and test-retest correlations are high and quite similar to Bern's original (1974) data.

Exploring the Relationship Between Sex-role Orientation and Social-sexual Effectiveness

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Nelson ◽  
Travis Martin ◽  
Deena Oaks ◽  
Rebecca Stuver ◽  
Rick Wright
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
The Relationship

SEX-ROLE ORIENTATION AND MARITAL ADJUSTMENT

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Davidson ◽  
Donna L. Sollie
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theory Interpretation

The relationship between sex-role orientation and marital adjustment was investigated. Using a sample of 112 married couples, husbands and wives separately completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. The hypotheses tested were based on the assumption that an androgynous sex-role orientation, which incorporates both instrumental and expressive capacities, would be most positively related to self and spouse's marital adjustment, while an undifferentiated orientation would be least related. Results indicated that in general both androgynous and sex-typed individuals and their spouses were significantly higher in marital adjustment than were undifferentiated individuals and their spouses. In addition, spousal sex-role types were found to be related and couples in which both partners were classified as undifferentiated reported the lowest levels of marital adjustment while androgynous couples and sex-typed couples reported greater levels of marital adjustment. The results were discussed in relation to their support for a symbolic interaction/ role theory interpretation of the association between sex-role orientation and marital adjustment.

The influence of sex and sex role orientation on sexual coercion

Sex Roles ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 689-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Poppen ◽  
Nina J. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation

Sex-Role Orientation and Attitudes towards Women: Differences among College Athletes and Nonathletes

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Caron ◽  
D. Bruce Carter ◽  
Lloyd A. Brightman
Keyword(s):  
College Athletes ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation

Sex-Role Orientation among Incarcerated Women

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashton D. Trice ◽  
Michel Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Women Inmates ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Incarcerated Women ◽  
Female Offender ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Drug Offenders ◽  
State Prison

This study of 120 women inmates of a state prison showed that sex-role orientation was related to the type of offence committed by women but, contrary to the hypothesis about the “new” female offender, violent offenders were more traditionally feminine than financial and drug-related offenders. Drug offenders had high rates of undifferentiated ratings. Women became more traditionally masculine or feminine with length of incarceration. Women who had children were more likely to score as traditionally feminine.

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