Lifetime Exposure to Traumatic Events among a Sample of City Bus Drivers

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1155-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Brunet ◽  
Richard Boyer ◽  
Pascale Brillon ◽  
Esther Ehrensaft ◽  
Randolph Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
City Bus ◽  
Lifetime Exposure

Lifetime exposure to traumatic events was assessed retrospectively among a representative sample of city bus drivers (228 men and 54 women) from Montreal, Canada. Among them, 68.1% reported at least one exposure to a traumatic event of any type. Among the 68% exposed, 70.4% reported multiple traumatic exposures ( M = 2.6, SD = 1.67), with ratings ranging from 0 to 12. This report underlines the fact that the prevalence of traumatic events is not yet well known. Epidemiological research should devote more effort to assess fully the lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and not only cases of PTSD.

Social Desirability in the Assessment of Trauma

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Brunet ◽  
Caroline Boucher ◽  
Richard Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
City Bus ◽  
Lifetime Exposure ◽  
Exposure To Trauma

Since admitting distress is often considered undesirable, the role of social desirability as a moderator variable in the assessment of traumatic events scores, on the PTSD Interview, and diagnosis was investigated. A sample of 342 city bus drivers were grouped by their lifetime exposure to trauma (nonexposed, stressful but nontraumatic event, traumatic event). Analyses replicate and extend findings from the literature on life events: social desirability plays a marginal role as a moderator variable in the assessment of trauma.

scholarly journals Association between Work-Related Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Child Welfare Workers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3541
Author(s):  
Mayumi Kataoka ◽  
Daisuke Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Child Welfare Workers ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Welfare Workers

Child welfare workers often experience work-related traumatic events and may be at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can hinder early interventions for child abuse. This study examined the association between each single work-related traumatic event experienced by child welfare workers and the cumulative number of traumatic event types with PTSD symptoms. A checklist of traumatic events was used to investigate work-related traumatic events. The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) was used to screen for PTSD symptoms. Two multivariate analyses were performed. A total of 140 workers were included in the analyses. In the first multivariate analysis, the event, “Witnessed a parent violently beating, hitting, kicking, or otherwise injuring a child or the other parent during work” (β = 11.96; 95% CI, 2.11–21.80; p < 0.05) and resilience (β = −0.60; 95% CI, −0.84 to −0.36; p < 0.01) were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, as was resilience in the second multivariate analysis (β = −0.60; 95%CI, −0.84 to −0.36; p < 0.01). The association between the cumulative number of event types and PTSD symptoms was not significant, but it was stronger when the cumulative number was four or more. The findings suggest the importance of reducing child welfare worker exposure to traumatic events.

scholarly journals Traumatic events and psychotic experiences: a nationally representative study in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kilian ◽  
S. Supanya ◽  
C. Probst ◽  
C. Morgan ◽  
T. Bärnighausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Lifetime Experience ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aims Most research exploring the link between traumatic events and psychotic experiences has focused on either Australia, Europe or North America. In this study, we expand the existing knowledge to Thailand and investigate the impact of the type and the number of traumatic events on psychotic experiences in Thailand. Methods We used data from the nationally representative 2013 Thai National Mental Health Survey (TNMHS), including questions on traumatic events and psychotic experiences. We regressed the lifetime experience of hallucinations or delusions against the following independent variables: the experience of any traumatic event during lifetime (dichotomous; hypothesis 1); the experience of either no traumatic event, one interpersonal, one unintentional or both interpersonal and unintentional traumatic events (categorical; hypothesis 2) and the number of traumatic events experienced during lifetime (categorical; hypothesis 3). We adjusted the regression models for sociodemographic indicators and psychiatric disorders, and considered survey weights. Results About 6% (95% confidence interval: 4.9–7.0) of the respondents stated that they had either hallucinatory or delusional experiences during their lifetime. The risk of reporting such experiences was more than doubled as high among respondents who had experienced at least one traumatic event during their lifetime than among those who had not yet experienced one, with higher risks for interpersonal or multiple traumatic events. Our results further indicated an increase in the risk of psychotic experiences as the number of traumatic events increased, with up to an eight-fold higher risk for people exposed to five or more traumatic events in their lifetime, compared to those with no traumatic events. Conclusions Individuals reporting interpersonal or multiple traumatic events face much higher risk of psychotic experiences. Effective and widely accessible secondary prevention programmes for people having experienced interpersonal or multiple traumatic events constitute a key intervention option.

The exposure to traumatic events and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among Korean journalists

Journalism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1308-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Lee ◽  
Eun Hye Ha ◽  
Jung Kun Pae
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Traumatic Event Exposure

This study investigated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on Korean journalists and the contributing variables. Predicting variables included the exposure to traumatic events, coping strategy, social support, optimism, negative beliefs, and the journalists’ occupational perspectives. A total of 367 Korean journalists participated in the survey. The findings revealed that, first, Korean journalists had suffered severely from PTSD symptoms according to the prevalence rate. Second, the extent of traumatic event exposure, the length of career, the use of dysfunctional coping strategy, a lack of social support, and negative beliefs were identified as significantly related variables. Finally, occupational perspectives showed meaningful associations with development of the symptoms. This study provided an empirical analysis of Korean journalists’ experiences of traumatic events and psychological stress for the first time.

Differential psychophysiological reactivity of city bus drivers

Ergonomics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. G. MULDERS ◽  
T. F. MEIJMAN ◽  
J. F. O'HANLON ◽  
G. MULDER
Keyword(s):  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Psychophysiological Reactivity ◽  
City Bus

scholarly journals SCHIZOPHRENIA SYMPTOMS ACUTE IN TEDDY ALIAS ANDREW IN THE “SHUTTER ISLAND” NOVEL BY DENNIS LEHANE

JURNAL BASIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Elfi Rahmi ◽  
Tomi Arianto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Acute Schizophrenia ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Recovery Treatment ◽  
Fictional Story

This research discussed about schizophrenia symptoms in Teddy alias Andrew Laedis that was acute and dangerous and also discussed the psychodrama treatment for Andrew. The main character is described to have a dangerous illness which is schizophrenia due to get from his traumatic events in world of war. Some of traumatic event that Andrew is experienced actually like when Andrew killed hundred soldier during the war in Dachau, his guilt because he did not bring his wife, Dolores to psychiatrists then unpredictable his wife killed her three children and drowning her child in a pond and regret for the rest of his life who was forced to kill his beloved wife until die and he finally lost all his family. Andrew cannot escape from the reality and without unconsciously he became experiencing mental disorder. The fictional story written by Dennis Lehane (2003.This novel was using the theory of psychoanalysis approach by Sigmund Freud. By using the concept of Sigmund's theory this research examined the symptoms of acute schizophrenia in Teddy alias Andrew's character which showed that his id is more dominant than his ego and the superego did not almost non-existent. Andrew points out three types of self defense mechanisms, namely, denial projections, regression and displacement. Meanwhile, the process of psychiatric recovery treatment by Dr. Cawley is used a psychodrama.

scholarly journals Childhood Adversities and Traumata in Lebanon: A National Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Itani ◽  
Youmna C Haddad ◽  
John Fayyad ◽  
Aimee Karam ◽  
Elie Karam
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
National Study ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Personal Trauma

Background: The goal of this paper is to map the total occurrence and evaluate the risk of co-occurrence of childhood adversities (CA) and a wide variety of childhood traumatic events (including war) in a national sample. Method: The nationally representative sample included 2,857 respondents and the instrument used was the Composite International Diagnostic Interview which screened for all CAs and traumatic events. Results: 27.9% experienced CAs; the most common were parental death and parental mental/substance use disorder. 70.6% experienced a war-related traumatic event during their lifetime, and around half of them (38.1%) experienced it below the age of 18 years. 51.3% of the subjects experienced a traumatic event not related to war during their lifetime, and 19.2% experienced it before the age of 18 years. Sexual abuse, being a refugee during war, and experiencing a natural disaster were associated with female gender. Having any CA was associated with active war exposure (OR: 4.2, CI: 2.0-8.6); war-related direct personal trauma (OR: 3.9, CI: 1.5-10.0); war-related trauma to others (OR: 2.4, CI: 1.3-4.4); non-war direct personal trauma (OR: 3.8, CI: 2.0-7.4); and any non-war childhood traumatic event (OR: 1.9, CI: 1.1-3.1). Conclusion:Childhood is awash with adversities and traumatic events that co-occur and should be measured simultaneously; otherwise, the effects of a subset of traumata or adversities could be wrongly thought to be the contributor to negative outcomes under study.

Association of presence and severity of Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with accident risk in city bus drivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hakan Celikhisar ◽  
Gulay Dasdemir Ilkhan
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Berlin Questionnaire ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
City Bus ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

Abstract Objective: To determine the relationship between frequency of traffic accidents and presence and severity of the disease in bus drivers who are at risk of having obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Method: In the present study, polysomnography (PSG) was applied on 162 city bus drivers directed to the sleep laboratory from a total of 1450 drivers after being determined as risky with regard to OSAS symptoms according to the questionnaire results. Their demographic characteristics, health status and accidents were compiled. Statistical analyses were made for those diagnosed with OSAS according to the PSG result and those with a traffic accident after which comparisons were made. Results: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was detected in 127 out of the 162 drivers determined to be risky with regard to OSAS based on the Berlin questionnaire result. While 35% of the drivers were normal according to the polysomnography (PSG) results in the study, 39 (24.1%) were determined as light OSAS, 35 (21.6%) as moderate OSAS and 53 (32.7%) as severe OSAS. While 105 (64.8%) of the cases had no accident, 37 (22.8%) were almost involved in an accident due to sleepiness and 20 (12.3%) were actually involved in an accident. A statistically significant relationship was determined between accident rates and OSAS severity (p:0.009; p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that presence and increased severity of OSAS is an important risk factor for being almost or directly involved in an accident among city bus drivers, even though they were not driving for long distances. 

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