Difficulty, Consequence, and Effort in Academic Task Performance

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-879
Author(s):  
Lisa F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public University ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Expectancy Value Theory ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Academic Task ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Standardized Examinations ◽  
The Relationship

This study extends previous research on the expectancy construct of the expectancy-value theory of motivation developed by Pintrich. In addition to value and expectancy for success, it is proposed that people take into account how much effort is required to complete a task. A 2 × 2 × 2 analysis of variance design was used to investigate the relationship of Difficulty, Consequence, and Required Effort on the willingness of participants to complete a task. The dependent variable was the score obtained from completing statistical problems that varied in difficulty and effort required to complete. 128 students at a public university were participants. Analysis showed significant main effects and an interaction for difficulty and required effort, but no main effect for consequence. Results are discussed in terms of creating optimal motivation for classroom tasks and for both classroom and standardized examinations. Implications for students in subject pools are also discussed.

scholarly journals Teaching strategies and value for STEM courses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Gravina ◽  
Christopher Beswick ◽  
Kamden K Strunk
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Task Value ◽  
Expectancy Value Theory ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Subjective Task Value ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Relationship

Expectancy-value theory has been used to investigate reasons why students have low achievement and low interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy, perceived teaching practices, and subjective task value in gateway STEM courses. Results demonstrated that self-efficacy influenced perception of teaching practices and subjective task value, and perceived teaching practiced influenced subjective task value. Results and implications for teaching practices are discussed.

scholarly journals Who can enjoy the unavoidable emotional labor

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-742
Author(s):  
SeungGeun Baeck ◽  
KangHyun Shin ◽  
JongHyun Lee ◽  
ChangGoo Heo
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this study was to examine the positive effect of self-monitoring among emotional display rules (fostering positive emotion(FPE) & suppressing negative emotion(SNE)) and consequential work attitude (job burnout & work engagement). A sample of 191 hotel employees were participated in this study and data were analyzed by SPSS. The results are as follows. First, the main effect of FPE on work engagement was supported, but the main effect of SNE on job burnout was not. Second, the main effects of self-monitoring on engagement and burnout were supported. Third, the moderation effects of self-monitoring which buffer the relationship of SNE on burnout and which facilitate the relationship FPE on engagement were significant. Finally, the implications and limitations were discussed.

Critical Civic Motivation of Marginalized Youth: An Expectancy-Value Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110445
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Wegemer
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Marginalized Youth ◽  
Expectancy Value Theory ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Main Effects

The present study advances a model of critical civic motivation grounded in expectancy-value theory and highlights diverse manifestations of motivation among marginalized adolescents. The participants were 447 high school youth (85.0% Latinx; 62.9% low-income). Two complementary methodological approaches were employed to examine civic motivation, conceptualized as expectancies (individual and collective), and values (interest and attainment). First, regression analyses found that civic expectancies and values differentially predicted behavioral outcomes of service and activism. Expectancies and values interactively predicted activism, whereas only main effects of individual and collective efficacy and interest value positively predicted service. Second, person-centered analyses yielded a five-cluster solution, with one-third of the participants exhibiting discrepancies between expectancies and values. Distinct patterns in the manifestations of civic motivation components may inform practices that support civic engagement of marginalized youth. Overall, the findings illustrate the utility of a holistic, critical framework that integrates established literatures on political efficacy and interest.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN CITRA MEREK MAJALAH GADIS DENGAN LOYALITAS MEMBACA MAJALAH GADIS DI KOTA SEMARANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khairul Nuzuli
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Expectancy Value Theory ◽  
Kendall’S Tau ◽  
Kendall's Tau ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Correlation Statistics ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>This study examines the Correlation between brand image Gadis Magazine with loyalty of reading Gadis Magazine in Semarang city. Rationale informing the research this is the Expectancy Value Theory States that the person's behavior is afunction of the value the results expected of a deed. The person's behavior will result in something, the higher the expected value, the higher the desire to realize a particular behaviours. Paradigm in this research is positivistic. This research is classified in explanative type of research. The population in this research is 425 students of Senior High School 1 Semarang, in 10th grade dan have known to read Girl Magazines. This research using multistage random sampling technique, taken a sample of 136 students. The results of the calculation of the correlation Statistics Kendall's Tau B between brand image Gadis Magazine with loyalty of reading Gadis Magazine in Semarang city, retrieved the significance of 0.018 or smaller than the critical numbers i.e. 0.05. So that there is a correlation between the two variables in this research by demonstrating significant results. If viewed from the coefficients of Correlation obtained results 1.0. It can be noted that the relationship is very high.</em></p><p>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p><p>Penelitian ini meneliti hubungan antara Citra Merek Majalah Gadis dengan loyalitas membaca Majalah Gadis di Kota Semarang. Dasar pemikiran yang melandasi penelitian  ini  adalah  Expectancy  Value  Theory  menyatakan bahwa  perilaku seseorang merupakan fungsi nilai (value) hasil yang diharapkan dari sebuah perbuatan. Perilaku  seseorang  akan menghasilkan sesuatu,  semakin  tinggi  nilai  yang  diharapkan, semakin tinggi pula keinginan untuk mewujudkan perilaku tertentu. Paradigma dalam penelitian ini adalah positivistik. Penelitian ini digolongkan dalam jenis penelitian Eksplanatif. Jumlah Populasi dalam penelitain ini adalah 425 Siswa yang merupakan Siswi SMAN 1 Semarang, kelas 10  yang diketahui membaca  Majalah  Gadis.  Penelitian  ini mengunakan teknik multistage random sampling, diambil sampel 136 siswa. Hasil perhitungan statistik Korelasi Kendall‘s Tau B antara Citra Merek Majalah Gadis dengan loyalitas membaca Majalah Gadis di Kota Semarang, diperoleh signifikansi sebesar 0.018 atau  lebih  kecil  dari  angka  kritis  yaitu  0.05. Sehingga terdapat  korelasi  antara  kedua variabel dalam penelitian ini dengan menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan. Jika dilihat dari Koefisien Korelasi diperoleh hasil 1.0. Maka dapat diketahui bahwa hubungan sangat tinggi.</p>

Tire Treadwear — A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Factors: Generic Type, Aspect Ratio, Tread Pattern, and Tread Composition Part I: Introduction and Details on the Organization of the Program

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veith
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Systematic Determination ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This four-part series of papers addresses the problem of systematic determination of the influence of several tire factors on tire treadwear. Both the main effect of each factor and some of their interactive effects are included. The program was also structured to evaluate the influence of some external-to-tire conditions on the relationship of tire factors to treadwear. Part I describes the experimental design used to evaluate the effects on treadwear of generic tire type, aspect ratio, tread pattern (groove or void level), type of pattern (straight rib or block), and tread compound. Construction procedures and precautions used to obtain a valid and functional test method are included. Two guiding principles to be used in the data analyses of Parts II and III are discussed. These are the fractional groove and void concept, to characterize tread pattern geometry, and a demonstration of the equivalence of wear rate for identical compounds on whole tread or multi-section tread tires.

scholarly journals Theory-driven intervention for changing personality: Expectancy value theory, behavioral activation, and conscientiousness.

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1442-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica F. Magidson ◽  
Brent W. Roberts ◽  
Anahi Collado-Rodriguez ◽  
C. W. Lejuez
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Expectancy Value Theory ◽  
Expectancy Value

Expectancy-value theory & preschool parental involvement in informal STEM learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 101320
Author(s):  
Tricia A. Zucker ◽  
Janelle Montroy ◽  
Allison Master ◽  
Michael Assel ◽  
Cheryl McCallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Stem Learning ◽  
Expectancy Value Theory ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Informal Stem Learning

Barriers, Expectancy-Value Beliefs, and Physical Activity Engagement Among Adults With Visual Impairments

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
T.N. Kirk ◽  
Justin A. Haegele ◽  
Xihe Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Correlational Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Barriers To Physical Activity

The purpose of this inquiry was to examine the relationship between barriers to physical activity, expectancy-value variables, and physical activity engagement among adults with visual impairments. Using a descriptive correlational approach, a sample of 214 adults with visual impairments (Mage = 43.14, SD = 13.67) completed questionnaires pertaining to barriers to physical activity, expectancy-value beliefs about physical activity, and physical activity engagement. Data were analyzed via correlation and hierarchical regression. The final regression model explained 20.30% of variance in physical activity (p < .001). Intrinsic value (β = 0.26, p = .01) and expectancy beliefs (β = 0.33, p < .001) each emerged as significant predictors of physical activity engagement, which suggests that expectancy-value theory may have some utility for investigating the physical activity engagement of individuals with visual impairments. However, the lack of significant contribution of other variables such as attainment and utility values, as well as barriers factors, underscores the need for additional research in this area.

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