CHAPTER 9. A Comparative Study of Privacy Policies and Data Protection During the COVID-19 Pandemic Within Different Countries

Author(s):  
Aleecia M. McDonald ◽  
Robert W. Reeder ◽  
Patrick Gage Kelley ◽  
Lorrie Faith Cranor

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc van Opijnen ◽  
Ginevra Peruginelli ◽  
Eleni Kefali ◽  
Monica Palmirani

AbstractAlthough nowadays most courts publish decisions on the internet, substantial differences exist between European countries regarding such publication. These differences not only pertain to the extent with which judgments are published and anonymised, but also to their metadata, searchability and reusability. This article, written by Marc van Opijnen, Ginevra Peruginelli, Eleni Kefali and Monica Palmirani, contains a synthesis of a comprehensive comparative study on the publication of court decisions within all Member States of the European Union. Specific attention is paid on the legal and policy frameworks governing case law publication, actual practices, data protection issues, Open Data policies as well as the state of play regarding the implementation of the European Case Law Identifier.


Khazanah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayatun Nafi'ah ◽  
◽  
athifah Nur Hasna ◽  

Background: Personal data is the most fundamental right for everyone including children. Children are the most vulnerable subjects when it comes to the processing of personal data, it is because they do not have awareness and understanding of the risks of misuse of personal data. Regulations regarding the protection of children's personal data in Indonesia are already contained in the draft of personal data protection law but with very limited guidance. Through this comparative study, researchers wanted to compare the United State's COPPA(Children's Online Privacy Protection Act) with the Children and GDPR by the United Kingdom. Both of these regulations are very detailed in regulating the protection of children's personal data. This study will provide a clearer picture of children’s privacy protection regulations so that it can be used as a reference for Indonesia's draft of personal data protection law in regard to the rights of children's privacy. Method: This comparative research uses qualitative descriptive methods with library research and approach. Result: There are fundamental differences regarding the form of guidance, the definition of child, the perpetrator processing of the child's personal data, and things that are included in the child's personal data. Conclusion: The application of children's personal data protection is adjusted to the values and cultures of the country.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Zeni Marchiori ◽  
Jaqueline Lopes

RESUMO A presente investigação objetiva apresentar os princípios de informação equitativa nas políticas de privacidade dos sites das principais empresas brasileiras (segundo lista da revista americana Forbes do ano de 2014). A verificação e análise apoiaram-se em um checklist elaborado a partir de documentos emanados pela Federal Trade Commission e pela Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. O levantamento envolveu 14 empresas selecionadas de um universo de 25, considerando-se o critério de imediatez de acesso à política de privacidade nos respectivos sites. O princípio de segurança é o fundamento mais difundido nas políticas de privacidade das empresas selecionadas (existente em 8 das 14 políticas analisadas), e o princípio de responsabilidade é o de menor aderência, pois não está contemplado em quaisquer das políticas de privacidade online examinadas. A Sabesp apresenta a política de privacidade da web mais completa diante dos princípios de informação equitativa, se comparada às outras políticas analisadas, enquanto que a WEG não apresenta qualquer um dos princípios identificados no levantamento documental. Quanto ao comércio eletrônico, o número de empresas que assume algum princípio é ainda mais reduzido. Conclui-se que, para o universo selecionado, a adesão aos princípios de informação equitativa é incipiente ainda que se ressalte a sua não obrigatoriedade. A discussão aberta do projeto de lei de proteção de dados pessoais no Brasil deverá ter um papel importante na criação de orientações mais completas na temática. Propõem-se estudos adicionais envolvendo a percepção de usuários de tais sites, assim como um recorte de empresas voltadas diretamente ao comércio eletrônico, considerando-se que este contexto pode exigir o alinhamento efetivo aos princípios e outras orientações voltadas à proteção da privacidade e dos dados pessoais no ambiente web.Palavras-chave: Princípios de Informação Equitativa; Política de Privacidade Online; Proteção de Dados Pessoais.ABSTRACT This article aims to present the Fair Information Principles in the privacy policies of the websites of major Brazilian companies (according to the 2014 Forbes Magazine list). The research and analysis were supported by a checklist compiled from documents issued by the Federal Trade Commission and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. The study selected fourteen companies from a universe of twenty-five, considering the immediacy criterion of access to the privacy policy on their websites. The security (safeguards) principle is the most widespread foundation in the privacy policies of the companies selected (existing in eight of the fourteen analyzed policies); and the principle of responsibility receives less adhesion since it is not covered in any of the examined online privacy policies. The Sabesp Company presents the most complete privacy policy, considering the compliance with the Fair Information Principles when compared to the others perused, while WEG does not present any of the principles identified in the documental survey. As for e-commerce, the number of companies that assume some of the Principles is even smaller. For the selected universe, adherence to the Fair information Principles is still incipient, and its use is not mandatory. An open discussion of the proposed Brazilian law about personal data protection should play an important role in creating further guidance on the subject. Additional studies in this subject should involve the perception of users, as well as a cutout of companies which target e-commerce, considering that an effective alignment with these principles and other guidelines are required in order to protect the user’s privacy and personal data in the web environment.Keywords: Fair Information Principles; Privacy Policies; Personal Data Protection.


2022 ◽  
pp. 205943642110608
Author(s):  
Janet Hui Xue

Social media platforms (SMPs) generate revenue from the automatic propertisation of data contributed by users (i.e. they process these data algorithmically to feed products and services they sell to other customers, especially advertisers). This comparative study of the UK and China builds on key law and policy documents as well as in-depth interviews with 25 experts. We find that neither the human rights–based regulatory approach in the UK nor the impact-based approach of China provides users with economically meaningful forms of redress for harm suffered due to insufficient protection of their rights as data subjects. The study reveals the reasons for this: (1) by analysing data subjects’ rights in data protection law and establishing whether these rights preserve the economic interests of data subjects pertaining to their data; (2) by spelling out the conditions under which users can exercise their rights and (3) through an in-depth analysis of the existing mechanisms, which are not suitable to protect data subjects’ economic interests during automatic propertisation. This also helps us to understand the social impacts of China’s recently approved Personal Information Protection Law. Finally, it suggests two possible ways to improve the balance between the economic interests of data controllers and data subjects.


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