Mutualistic and Endophytic Microorganisms of Artemisia Annua: Description, Role and Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Orsolya Péterfi ◽  
Erzsébet Domokos
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Artemisinin Content

Abstract Artemisia annua is an important medical plant that produces artemisinin used for its antimalarial, antibacterial and antifungal effects in modern medicine. The high demand and low artemisinin content in plants (0.01-2 %) has led to studies about alternative methods to increase yield. Biofertilizers (beneficial microbes and/or biological products that colonize roots, improve plant nutrition and growth) have been reported affecting secondary metabolism and the production of active ingredients of herbs. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the current status of the research on mutualistic and endophytic microorganism of A. annua that have the potential to increase the quality and quantity of the crude drugs, derived from the herb. Scientific papers in this field focus on the effects on inoculation with different microorganisms (arbuscular micorrhizal fungi, endophytic bacteria and fungi) and the isolation of endophytes from A. annua. Bioinoculants can affect biomass, artemisinin and essential oil concentration, disease resistance, nutrient status, phosphatase activity, foliar glandular trichome density, leaf chlorophyll content, guaiacol peroxidase enzyme concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, and plant growth parameters (total weight, leaf yield, height, seed yield). The endophytes isolated from the plant are potential artemisinin content and plant stress resistance enhancers.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis Influences Artemisia annua Plant Parameters and Artemisinin Content under Different Soil Types and Cultivation Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Domokos ◽  
Béla Bíró-Janka ◽  
János Bálint ◽  
Katalin Molnár ◽  
Csaba Fazakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Artemisinin Content

Artemisinin extracted from Artemisia annua has been used efficiently in malaria treatment since 2005. In this study, the variations in plant parameters (plant biomass, glandular trichome density, essential oil total chemical content, artemisinin production, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity) were tested under different soil types (Luvisol, Gleysol, Anthrosol and sterile peat) and cultivation conditions (potted plants in semi-open field, and open field experiments) for plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rizophagus irregularis. Under semi-open field conditions, the AMF colonization of A. annua plant roots varied, and presented the highest percentage in Luvisol and sterile peat. The increase in the root colonization rate positively influenced some plant parameters (biomass, glandular trichome density, artemisinin concentration, essential oil quantity and composition), but no effects on PPO enzyme activity were detected. AMF fungus R. irregularis significantly increased the artemisinin content and essential oil yield of plants cultivated in Luvisol, Gleysol, Anthrosol and in peat. These soil types can offer appropriate conditions for A. annua cultivation and artemisinin production even on a smaller scale. Under open field conditions, low (about 5%) AMF colonization was observed. No differences in artemisin contents were detected, but essential oil yield significantly increased compared to control plants. AMF treatment increased beta-farnesene and germacrene D concentrations in Artemisia plants in the open field experiment.

scholarly journals AaCycTL Regulates Cuticle and Trichome Development in Arabidopsis and Artemisia annua L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boran Dong ◽  
Xingxing Wang ◽  
Rui Jiang ◽  
Shiyuan Fang ◽  
Jinxing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Trichome Development ◽  
Pathway Gene ◽  
Chinese Traditional Herb ◽  
Artemisinin Biosynthesis ◽  
Artemisinin Content ◽  
Important Drug

Artemisinin is an important drug for resistance against malaria. Artemisinin is derived from the glandular trichome of leaves, stems, or buds of the Chinese traditional herb Artemisia annua. Increasing the trichome density may enhance the artemisinin content of A. annua. It has been proven that cyclins are involved in the development of trichomes in tomato, Arabidopsis, and tobacco, but it is unclear whether the cyclins in A. annua influence trichome development. In this study, we showed that AaCycTL may regulate trichome development and affect the content of artemisinin. We cloned AaCycTL and found that it has the same expression files as the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway gene. We overexpressed AaCycTL in Arabidopsis, and the results indicated that AaCycTL changed the wax coverage on the surface of Arabidopsis leaves. The trichome density decreased as well. Using yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays, we show that AaCycTL can interact with AaTAR1. Moreover, we overexpressed AaCycTL in A. annua and found that the expression of AaCycTL was increased to 82–195%. Changes in wax coverage on the surface of transgenic A. annua leaves or stems were found as well. We identified the expression of the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway genes ADS, CYP71AV1, and ALDH1 has decreased to 88–98%, 76–97%, and 82–97% in the AaCycTL-overexpressing A. annua lines, respectively. Furthermore, we found reduced the content of artemisinin. In agreement, overexpression of AaCycTL in A. annua or Arabidopsis may alter waxy loading, change the initiation of trichomes and downregulate trichome density. Altogether, AaCycTL mediates trichome development in A. annua and thus may serve to regulate trichome density and be used for artemisinin biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiser Iqbal Wani ◽  
Sadaf Choudhary ◽  
Andleeb Zehra ◽  
M. Naeem ◽  
Pamela Weathers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Artemisinin Content

scholarly journals Effects of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) on ion leakage, total phenol, antioxidant enzymes activities and cobalt accumulation in Brassica napus L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1260-1275
Author(s):  
Malihe JAHANI ◽  
Ramazan Ali KHAVARI-NEJAD ◽  
Homa MAHMOODZADEH ◽  
Sara SAADATMAND
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles

Interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) as a significant threat to ecosystems with biological processes of plants is very important. Here, the effects of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) NPs on some physio-biochemical characteristics of Brassica napus L. were investigated. The two-weeks seedlings were sprayed with different concentrations of Co3O4 NPs (0, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg L-1). The results showed that this treatment significantly affected the fresh and dry weights, area, relative water content (RWC) and relative chlorophyll value (SPAD) of leaves. The highest reduction of growth and biomass indexes occurred at 4000 mg L-1 NPs. The content of H2O2 and electrolyte leakage (EL) increased respectively, after 100 and 250 mg L-1 of Co3O4 NPs and showed a maximum level at 4000 mg L-1. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased after 100 mg L-1 of Co3O4 NPs. However, tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) activity enhanced after 500 mg L-1. The catalase (CAT) activity and protein content decreased after 1000 mg L-1 of Co3O4 NPs. Application of concentrations higher than 500 mg L-1 of Co3O4 NPs induced polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity but reduced glutathione reductase (GR). The activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased at 250-1000 mg L-1 of Co3O4 NPs and then decreased. These results suggested that low concentrations of Co3O4 NPs induced a positive effect on growth parameters but high levels caused extensive oxidative damage and mediated defense responses by organization of phenolic compounds and antioxidative system.

scholarly journals Key Aspects on the Biology, Ecology and Impacts of Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers] and the Role of Glyphosate and Non-Chemical Alternative Practices for the Management of This Weed in Europe

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travlos ◽  
Montull ◽  
Kukorelli ◽  
Malidza ◽  
Dogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Alternative Practices

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers is a common and noxious worldwide weed of increasing distribution in many European countries. In the present review, information on the biology, ecology, agricultural, economic and environmental impact of johnsongrass is given, and the current status of this weed in Europe is discussed. Furthermore, special attention is given to the important role of field trials using glyphosate to control weeds in arable and perennial crops in many European countries. Some of the factors which affect control efficacy and should be taken into account are also discussed. Finally, several non-chemical alternative methods (cultural, mechanical, thermal, biological, etc.) for johnsongrass management are also presented. The adoption of integrated weed management (IWM) techniques such as glyphosate use, crop rotation, and deep tillage is strongly recommended to control plant species that originate from both seed and rhizomes.

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