Roads support the spread of invasive Asclepias syriaca in Austria

Summary Asclepias syriaca is an invasive alien plant that has recently spread in Central Europe. The spatiotemporal spread of A. syriaca was reconstructed based on the distribution data for Austria. A. syriaca has increased in abundance and range, especially after the year 2005. At present, the species occurs primarily in eastern Austria (Vienna, Lower Austria), while it was rarely recorded in southern and western Austria. Further spread and range filling is probable. Moreover, the distribution of A. syriaca along roadsides and the role of road type and adjoining land use in facilitating its spread were studied in an area of high presence of the species in Lower Austria in 2018. It was shown that A. syriaca occurred regularly along roadsides and the chance of finding A. syriaca was higher along unpaved roads and along roadsides bordered by forests and grassland. The results indicate that the road network contributes to the spread of A. syriaca in the study area, most likely by providing suitable and well connected habitats. If A. syriaca densities are to be lowered, emphasis should be placed on both a proper roadside management (e.g., mowing regimes) and on the control of the species in the respective adjacent habitat.

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Politics, industry, and tourism: The conceptual construction of the blue highway

The Journal of Transport History ◽

10.1177/0022526620979506 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002252662097950

Author(s):

Fredrik Bertilsson

Keyword(s):

Road Network ◽

Power Plants ◽

Community Building ◽

Atlantic Coast ◽

Political Agenda ◽

The Road ◽

Conceptual Construction ◽

On The Road ◽

Post War

This article contributes to the research on the expansion of the Swedish post-war road network by illuminating the role of tourism in addition to political and industrial agendas. Specifically, it examines the “conceptual construction” of the Blue Highway, which currently stretches from the Atlantic Coast of Norway, traverses through Sweden and Finland, and enters into Russia. The focus is on Swedish governmental reports and national press between the 1950s and the 1970s. The article identifies three overlapping meanings attached to the Blue Highway: a political agenda of improving the relationships between the Nordic countries, industrial interests, and tourism. Political ambitions of Nordic community building were clearly pronounced at the onset of the project. Industrial actors depended on the road for the building of power plants and dams. The road became gradually more connected with the view of tourism as the motor of regional development.

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Benefits from Constructing a Dam Across the Vistula in Siarzewo in Terms of Transport and Environmental Protection

Proccedings of 10th International Conference "Environmental Engineering" ◽

10.3846/enviro.2017.025 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jan Kempa ◽

Jacek Chmielewski ◽

Grzegorz Bebyn

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Road Network ◽

Transport Model ◽

Investment Project ◽

Dam Construction ◽

Transport Activity ◽

The Road ◽

Traffic Conditions ◽

On The Road

This paper presents the results of analyses that concern the benefits from the planned construction of a dam across the Vistula in Siarzewo. The simulated transport model developed in the VISUM environment has been used to determine the forecast traffic intensity, the value of traffic volume indices, transport activity, travel times of drivers and passengers as well as the costs of environmental impact. The above-mentioned characteristics have enabled to determine savings both in terms of traffic costs and environmental impacts resulting from the dam construction. The paper indicates that the implementation of the investment project improves traffic conditions on the road network and reduces the transport environmental impact in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province. Moreover, it has been found that the revealed effects concern in particular the first years after the launch of the project. The development of the road network diminishes the role of the analysed investment project significantly.

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Considerations on the role of modernizing the road infrastructure in the prevention of road accidents

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201929006004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 290 ◽

pp. 06004

Author(s):

Cristian Deac ◽

Lucian Tarnu

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Road Network ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Road Accidents ◽

Road Infrastructure ◽

The Road ◽

Traffic Conditions ◽

Pedestrian Crossing

The realizing and improvement of road infrastructure, of modern road networks provides normal, safe and pleasant road traffic conditions and also help prevent road accidents. The road network, with its constructive characteristics, has to offer optimal conditions for the movement of vehicles, pedestrians and other categories of participants in the road traffic. Starting from the case study of a road sector with heavy road traffic, the current paper analyzes the increase in road safety in Romanian localities along European and national roads through the implementation of specific measures such as setting up sidewalks, installing New Jersey median barriers, expanding the road sectors with 2+1 lanes, replacing normal pedestrian crossings with elevated crossings or with pedestrian crossing with mid-road waiting areas etc.

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Investigating the Invasion Pattern of the Alien Plant Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (Silverleaf Nightshade): Environmental and Human-Induced Drivers

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040805 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 805

Author(s):

Nikos Krigas ◽

Maria A. Tsiafouli ◽

Georgios Katsoulis ◽

Nefta-Eleftheria Votsi ◽

Mark van Kleunen

Keyword(s):

Road Network ◽

Soil Disturbance ◽

Distribution Centers ◽

Alien Plant ◽

Invasive Alien Plant ◽

Preventative Measures ◽

Invasion Pattern ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

Solanum Elaeagnifolium ◽

Alien Invasive Plants

Invasive alien plant species have impacts on nature conservation, ecosystem services and agricultural production. To identify environmental and human-related drivers of the invasion of Solanum elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae)—one of the worst alien invasive plants worldwide—we conducted an extensive drive-by survey across the Greek territory (presence/absence data; all national major multilane highways; 12–25% of the remaining road network; driven 3–5 times during 2000–2020). These data were linked in GIS with (i) physical environmental attributes (elevation, climate, soil properties) and (ii) type and intensity of human-related activities (land uses, settlements and road type). Compared to previous records, our survey showed that the range of S. elaeagnifolium increased by 1750% during the last decades, doubling its main distribution centers and reaching higher elevations. Our study revealed that the presence of S. elaeagnifolium is associated with (i) higher maximum temperatures and precipitation in summer and low precipitation in winter, as well as with (ii) soil disturbance related to agricultural activities, settlements and road networks, thus facilitating its spread mainly at low altitudes. Our study elucidates the current invasion pattern of S. elaeagnifolium and highlights the urgent need for its widespread monitoring, at least in the noninvaded areas in Greece that have been surveyed in this study. Preventative measures and integrative initiatives should be implemented quickly, and urgently incorporated into current agricultural, road network and conservation-management regimes.

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Screening the Road Network for Sites with Promise

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1784-04 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 1784 (1) ◽

pp. 27-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Ezra Hauer ◽

Jake Kononov ◽

Bryan Allery ◽

Michael S. Griffith

Keyword(s):

Road Network ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Project Cost ◽

The Road ◽

Engineering Studies ◽

Safety Improvement ◽

Network Screening ◽

Improvement Process ◽

Safety Benefit

Network screening is the first step in the site safety improvement process. The product of network screening is a list of sites that are ranked by priority for the conduct of detailed engineering studies. In turn, cost-effective projects are formulated from the studies. With the purpose of laying the foundation for improved network screening, the role of network screening is clarified, and how project cost and safety benefit can be anticipated at the time of screening is examined. The strengths and weaknesses of alternative assumptions on which the anticipation of safety benefit can be based are discussed. A way to guard against misallocation of resources due to the randomness of accident counts is suggested, and a method for finding peak sites within road sections is proposed.

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PERAN PERKEMBANGAN KEGIATAN INDUSTRI DAN PERDAGANGAN JASA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR RUANG KAWASAN SOLO BARU

Arsitektura ◽

10.20961/arst.v13i1.15584 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Intan Dwi Astuti ◽

Murtanti Jani Rahayu ◽

Rizon Pamardhi Utomo

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Spatial Structure ◽

Road Network ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Distribution Centers ◽

The Road ◽

And Function

Solo Baru area is a satellite city that grew due to the phenomenon of urban sprawl in Surakarta. This area growth of more advanced and dominated by economic activity, especially industrial and trade-services activities. The problem is development on industrial and trade-services activities occur in Solo Baru certainly will encourage a change in the spatial area as centers of activities, patterns of land use and road network. Changes in the spatial aspect will have a negative impact on the regularity of the spatial structure and function of the area to the surrounding area. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the role of the development of industrial and trade-services activities to the changes in the spatial structure of Solo Baru area . The method of research is deductive-quantitative, while the data analisys technique used is descriptive analysis of quantitative and spatial descriptive. The results of this study notes that both of industrial and trade-services activities have developed from years 2002-2014 that occurred development of industrial activity by 43% and trade-services activities amounted to 140%. The role of the development of industrial and trade-services activities include the agglomeration of activities and to encourage a change in the distribution centers that changes occur in the central-subcentral models that undergo a change from a non-centered to form multi-nodal. In addition, the industrial and trade-services activities also encourage land use changes and then give impact to the shift and functional zoning exist within the area as well as attract more movement leads to a change in the function and capacity of the road network. Keywords: activity development role, industrial, spatial structure, trade-services

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RoadTagger: Robust Road Attribute Inference with Graph Neural Networks

Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6730 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (07) ◽

pp. 10965-10972

Author(s):

Songtao He ◽

Favyen Bastani ◽

Satvat Jagwani ◽

Edward Park ◽

Sofiane Abbar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Receptive Field ◽

Spatial Correlation ◽

Satellite Imagery ◽

Road Network ◽

Network Graph ◽

The Road ◽

Road Type ◽

On The Road ◽

Graph Neural Networks

Inferring road attributes such as lane count and road type from satellite imagery is challenging. Often, due to the occlusion in satellite imagery and the spatial correlation of road attributes, a road attribute at one position on a road may only be apparent when considering far-away segments of the road. Thus, to robustly infer road attributes, the model must integrate scattered information and capture the spatial correlation of features along roads. Existing solutions that rely on image classifiers fail to capture this correlation, resulting in poor accuracy. We find this failure is caused by a fundamental limitation – the limited effective receptive field of image classifiers.To overcome this limitation, we propose RoadTagger, an end-to-end architecture which combines both Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to infer road attributes. Using a GNN allows information to propagate on the road network graph and eliminates the receptive field limitation of image classifiers. We evaluate RoadTagger on both a large real-world dataset covering 688 km2 area in 20 U.S. cities and a synthesized dataset. In the evaluation, RoadTagger improves inference accuracy over the CNN image classifier based approaches. In addition, RoadTagger is robust to disruptions in the satellite imagery and is able to learn complicated inductive rules for aggregating scattered information along the road network.

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INFLUENCE OF OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS OF ROADS ON THE ECOSYSTEM ROADSIDE

Modeling of systems and processes ◽

10.12737/13448 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 58-60

Author(s):

Бурмистрова ◽

Olga Burmistrova

Keyword(s):

Road Network ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Capacity Constraints ◽

Economic Approach ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

The Road ◽

Environmental Criteria ◽

Selection Of

This article examines the role of roads in view of the existing negative impact on the environment. So far, the selection of a rational variant of the road network is focused on traditional techno-economic approach. Therefore, there is need to develop environmental criteria in relation to which the costs will be shown to act as indicators of capacity constraints volumes of material and transport flows.

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