scholarly journals Understanding the hydrocarbon prospect of Buzdar block, Southern Indus basin, Pakistan, by using 2-D seismic data: A case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-263
Author(s):  
Hamid Hussain ◽  
Zhang Shuangxi ◽  
Muhammad Abid
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Near Fault ◽  
Vsp Data ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Lower Goru Formation ◽  
Seismic Lines

Abstract The sub-surface structural analysis to understand the geology and tectonics of an area is always useful to locate the hydrocarbon resources. Oil and gas based energy supplies have become a vital source for Pakistan, which is passing through an era of severe energy crisis. The study area, Buzdar block, in the southern Indus Basin is tectonically an extensional regime and is expected to have a huge hydrocarbon potential. In this study, we did the interpretation of the migrated seismic lines of the 872-SGR-527, 872-SGR-529, 872-SGR-531, 872-SGR-532 of Buzdar block, District TandoAllahyar, Sindh. The lines 872-SGR-529, 872-SGR-531, 872-SGR-532 were oriented W–E whereas the line 872-SGR-527 was oriented NW–SE. The obtained data was analysed and three reflectors were marked named top Khadro Formation, top lower Goru formation and top Chiltan limestone (probable). Through this study faults have been also marked on seismic lines which are normal faults by nature; collectively form horsts and grabens which is the evidence of effect of extensional tectonics in the area. Time contour maps were also generated. After that, time was converted into depth with the help of well velocity from VSP data for lower Goru formation and average velocity for Chiltan limestone (probable) from regression analysis. Finally, depth contour maps were generated which helped to know the basic mechanism of tectonic movement in the area. On the basis of present analysis we propose that a well may be drilled at Lower Goru formation near fault F1 on western side at a depth of 1370 meters and at 1290 meters near fault F4 on eastern side.

scholarly journals WELL LOGS ANALYSIS TO ESTIMATE THE PARAMETERS OF SAWAN-2 AND SAWAN-3 GAS FIELD

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Raja Asim Zeb ◽  
Muhammad Haziq Khan ◽  
Intikhab Alam ◽  
Ahtisham Khalid ◽  
Muhammad Faisal Younas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Log Analysis ◽  
Neutron Density ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Lower Goru Formation

The lower Indus basin is leading hydrocarbon carriage sedimentary basin in Pakistan. Evaluation of two sorts out wells namely Sawan-2 and Sawan-3 has been assumed in this work for estimation and dispensation of petro physical framework using well log data. The systematic formation assessment by using petro physical studies and neutron density cross plots reveal that lithofacies mainly composed of sandstone. The hydrocarbon capability of the formation zone have been mark through several isometric maps such as water saturation, picket plots, cross plots, log analysis Phie vs depth and composite log analysis. The estimated petro physical properties shows that reservoir have volume of shale 6.1% and 14.0%, total porosity is observed between 14.6% and 18.2%, effective porosity ranges 12.5-16.5%, water saturation exhibits between 14.05% and 31.58%, hydrocarbon saturation ranges 68.42% -86.9%, The lithology of lower goru formation is dominated by very fine to fine and silty sandstone. The study method can be use within the vicinity of central Indus basin and similar basin elsewhere in the globe to quantify petro physical properties of oil and gas wells and comprehend the reservoir potential.

scholarly journals An integrated approach to evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of Jurassic Samana Suk Formation in Middle Indus Basin, Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Armaghan F. Miraj ◽  
◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
Hassan Javaid ◽  
Pal Washa S. Rathore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Rock Physics ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Seismic Lines ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reserves

The Indus Basin is considered as prolific hydrocarbon-bearing province of Pakistan. The study area is located in the Middle Indus Basin. Two wells (Bagh-X-01 and Budhuana-01) were drilled in the vicinity of the study area to determine the hydrocarbon potential of the area. Both wells show no hydrocarbon reserves and are thus abandoned. The present study emphasizes two-dimensional subsurface seismic interpretation and rock physics evaluation to estimate reservoir properties of the Jurassic Samana Suk Formation. Data from nine 2-D seismic lines and two wells have been utilized to evaluate the potential. The time contour maps indicate the existence of subsurface structural features in the study area. With the help of the 3-D geological model, the faults are marked in the Samana Suk Formation and the structure is identified as a monocline. The 3-D geological modeling results also reveal that Samana Suk Formation tends to become thin in the northeast, and thick in the southwest. The petrophysical interpretation was performed to find the hydrocarbon potential of the Formation. The cross plot between P-impedance and Vp/Vs ratio shows that the lithology cannot be differentiated by the logs. Rock physics parameters such as Poisson’s ratio, bulk modulus, shear modulus, shear wave velocity, primary wave velocity, Vp/Vs ratio, and density indicate that there are no considerable hydrocarbon reserves in the Samana Suk Formation.

scholarly journals CO2 uptake decreased and CH4 emissions increased in first two years of peatland seismic line restoration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Schmidt ◽  
Scott J. Davidson ◽  
Maria Strack
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Seismic Line ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Seismic Lines ◽  
Reference Areas

Abstract Oil and gas exploration has resulted in over 300,000 km of linear disturbances known as seismic lines, throughout boreal peatlands across Canada. Sites are left with altered hydrologic and topographic conditions that prevent tree re-establishment. Restoration efforts have concentrated on tree recovery through mechanical mounding to re-create microtopography and support planted tree seedlings to block sightlines and deter predator use, but little is known about the impact of seismic line disturbance or restoration on peatland carbon cycling. This study looked at two mounding treatments and compared carbon dioxide and methane fluxes to untreated lines and natural reference areas in the first two years post-restoration. We found no significant differences in net ecosystem CO2 exchange, but untreated seismic lines were slightly more productive than natural reference areas and mounding treatments. Both restoration treatments increased ecosystem respiration, decreased net productivity by 6–21 gCO2m− 2d− 1, and created areas of increased methane emissions, including an increase in the contribution of ebullition, of up to 2000 mgCH4m− 2d− 1. Further research on this site to assess the longer-term impacts of restoration, as well as application on other sites with varied conditions, will help determine if these restoration practices are effective.

Maintaining line of sight in oil and gas exploration: A case study from Mahakam Delta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 558-565
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Kunjan ◽  
Witan Ardjakusumah ◽  
Kevin McDonald ◽  
Hannah Booth ◽  
Seda Rouxel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Airborne Gravity ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Depth Migration ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Well Data ◽  
Technical Effort ◽  
Seismic Lines ◽  
Over Time

In all exploration processes, the evaluation of basins, permits, and individual prospects changes over time with incremental availability and quality of data, technical effort expended, and knowledge gained. The NU prospect, located in the Mahakam Hilir PSC (East Kalimantan), is an example in which geologic chance of success (GCOS) predictions can change over time with increasing acquisition and availability of geophysical and geologic data and the studies done on them. We show how studies done on any one prospect or group of prospects can progressively increase/decrease the chance of at least one success in an exploration campaign of several wells. After a series of four wells was drilled in the PSC, which did not deliver commercial success, a change in approach was required to continue exploration. This included the acquisition of airborne gravity gradiometry data, initial trial prestack depth migration (PSDM) reprocessing of two key 1989 vintage 2D lines, acquisition of vintage well data from four Sambutan Field wells, acquisition of nine vintage 2D seismic lines over the field, and PSDM reprocessing of the nine 2D seismic lines. All data were then integrated to build a new geologic model. As a result, the NU prospect GCOS progressively moved from less than 10% to nearly 40%.

scholarly journals Disturbing to restore? Effects of mounding on understory communities on seismic lines in treed peatlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1340-1351
Author(s):  
Laureen F.I. Echiverri ◽  
S. Ellen Macdonald ◽  
Scott E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Understory Plant ◽  
Understory Plant Communities ◽  
Understory Communities ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Seismic Lines

In peatlands, microtopography strongly affects understory plant communities. Disturbance can result in a loss of microtopographic variation, primarily through the loss of hummocks. To address this, mounding treatments can be used to restore microtopography. We examined the effects of mounding on the understory vegetation on seismic lines in wooded fens. Seismic lines are deforested linear corridors (∼3 to 8 m wide) created for oil and gas exploration. Our objectives were to compare the recovery of understory communities on unmounded and mounded seismic lines and determine how recovery varies with microtopographic position. Recovery was evident in the unmounded seismic lines, with higher shrub and total understory cover at the “tops” of the small, natural hummocks than at lower microtopographic positions — much like the trends in adjacent treed fens. In contrast, mounding treatments that artificially created hummocks on seismic lines significantly changed understory communities. Mounded seismic lines had higher forb cover, much lower bryophyte cover, less variation along the microtopographic gradient, and community composition less similar to that of the reference sites than unmounded seismic lines due to higher abundance of marsh-associated species. Our results suggest that mounding narrow seismic lines can be detrimental to the recovery of the understory communities in treed peatlands.

scholarly journals How linear features alter predator movement and the functional response

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah W. McKenzie ◽  
Evelyn H. Merrill ◽  
Raymond J. Spiteri ◽  
Mark A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Elliptic Partial Differential Equation ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Line Density ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Seismic Line ◽  
Seismic Lines

In areas of oil and gas exploration, seismic lines have been reported to alter the movement patterns of wolves ( Canis lupus ). We developed a mechanistic first passage time model, based on an anisotropic elliptic partial differential equation, and used this to explore how wolf movement responses to seismic lines influence the encounter rate of the wolves with their prey. The model was parametrized using 5 min GPS location data. These data showed that wolves travelled faster on seismic lines and had a higher probability of staying on a seismic line once they were on it. We simulated wolf movement on a range of seismic line densities and drew implications for the rate of predator–prey interactions as described by the functional response. The functional response exhibited a more than linear increase with respect to prey density (type III) as well as interactions with seismic line density. Encounter rates were significantly higher in landscapes with high seismic line density and were most pronounced at low prey densities. This suggests that prey at low population densities are at higher risk in environments with a high seismic line density unless they learn to avoid them.

Regional Seal as Key Controlled Elements of Petroleum Accumulation in the Rift Basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Hu ◽  
Zhe Zhao ◽  
Song Lu ◽  
Hang Zhou Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Source Rock ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Rift Basin ◽  
Rift Basins ◽  
Northwest Germany ◽  
Petroleum Accumulation

Rift basin is an important petroleum basin type, in which about one third of oil and gas was discovered. To research on the main controlled elements of oil and gas accumulation, five typical rift basins in Europe are focused on the geological condition such as source rock, reservoir, seal, petroleum system, and accumulation with logging, hole, measured and analytical methods, and so on. The results showed the main regional seal controlled the petroleum distribution in the rift basin. Seals are defined by main regional seal, minor regional seas and local region according to thickness, distribution, lithostratigraphy. Viking Graben of North Sea has main regional seal about 3000m thick during late Jurassic and Cretaceous, about 81 percent of petroleum is in the Jurassic reservoir; Anglo-Dutch basin has main region thick seal during Triassic through Jurassic, and Permian reservoir accounted for 73 percent of basin reserves; Voring Basin has the main regional seal during Cretaceous through early Tertiary, the Jurassic reservoir has 85 percent of whole basin reserves; Northeast and Northwest Germany Basins have the evaporites as main regional seals during late Permian, and Permian reservoir accounted for more than 80 percent of basin reservoir, respectively. Rift Basin can develop reservoir like turbidite, source rock, seal in the basin dynamic opinion. Some main regional seals may develop overpressre because of quick subside and hydrocarbon generation at some conditions, it can strengthen seal capability. Oil and gas can migration to the main regional seal by normal faults caused by rifting, which can stop further migration so that they were accumulated under the main regional seal.

scholarly journals Organic geochemistry and mineralogical characterization of the Paleocene Ranikot Formation shales in selected areas of Southern Indus Basin Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Asghar ◽  
◽  
Saeed Abbas ◽  
Muhammad S. Khan ◽  
Samina Jahandad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Organic Geochemistry ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Rock Eval

Southern Indus Basin is one of the promising regions in Pakistan as a commercially producing oil and gas perspective. The current research presents the geochemical characterization of the Ranikot Formation shales from Southern Indus Basin based on total organic carbon (TOC), Rock-Eval (RE) pyrolysis, organic petrography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The average TOC of Ranikot shale is 4.6 wt. %, indicating very good hydrocarbon potential. Types III/IV kerogens were identified in Ranikot shale. The maceral data also suggest that the Type of kerogen present in Ranikot shale is dominantly Types II-III, with the minor occurrence of Type IV. The vitrinite reflectance, pyrolysis Tmax and methylphenanthrene indices values specify immature levels of the shales. The normal alkane data reflect that marine macrophyte, algae, and land plants were contributed to the organic matter of Ranikot shales. Dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene ratio (0.11), phytane/n-C18 ratio (0.53), pyrite, and glauconite elucidate that the depositional environment of the Ranikot shale is marine. The XRD analysis of the shale from the Ranikot Formation revealed that it is brittle shale and dominated by 39.5 to 50.9 wt. % quartz. The present study, integration with the US EIA report demarcated the Ranikot Formation influential horizon as a shale gas resource.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Seismic Velocity Variation through a Tectonic Boundaries-Case Study in Central Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 2614-2626
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. AL-Banna ◽  
Hassan E. Al-Assady
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Seismic Inversion ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Time Model ◽  
3D Velocity Model ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Well Data ◽  
Seismic Lines

      A 3D velocity model was created by using stacking velocity of 9 seismic lines and average velocity of 6 wells drilled in Iraq. The model was achieved by creating a time model to 25 surfaces with an interval time between each two successive surfaces of about 100 msec.  The summation time of all surfaces reached about 2400 msec, that was adopted according to West Kifl-1 well, which penetrated to a depth of 6000 m, representing the deepest well in the study area. The seismic lines and well data were converted to build a 3D cube time model and the velocity was spread on the model. The seismic inversion modeling of the elastic properties of the horizon and well data was applied to achieve a corrected velocity cube. Then, the velocity cube was converted to a time model and, finally, a corrected 3D depth model was obtained. This model shows that the western side of the study area, which is a part of the stable shelf, is characterized by relatively low thickness and high velocity layers. While the eastern side of the study area, which is a part of the Mesopotamian, is characterized by high thickness and low velocity of the Cretaceous succession. The Abu Jir fault is considered as a boundary between the stable and unstable shelves in Iraq, situated at the extreme west part of the study area. The area of relatively high velocity gradient is considered as the limit of the western side of the Mesopotamian basin. This area extends from Najaf-Karbala axis in the west to the Euphrates River in the east. It is found that the 3D stacking velocity model can be used to obtain good results concerning the tectonic boundary.  

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