scholarly journals Hymenopteran color preference using multiple colours of pan traps in Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Alexander Csanády ◽  
Jozef Oboňa ◽  
Lenka Zapletalová ◽  
Ľubomír Panigaj ◽  
Dana Dojčaková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Colour Preference ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Water Traps ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Pan Traps

Abstract The study presents results of colour preference of insects (Insecta), mainly from the order Hymenoptera (families Apidae, Formicidae). The research was carried out in the vicinity of the Beniakovce village (near the Košice city) over the years 2010–2012. Trapping by coloured water traps was conducted at ten sites with 50 Moerick′s water traps coloured with five different colours (white, yellow, blue, purple, and red). On the study area there were 12 357 individuals captured, belonging to 17 higher taxa (class, order, suborder) or genus morpho group of families Apidae and Formicidae. The highest abundance was found in Diptera followed by Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. Obtained results were in accordance with literature data, which showed that yellow colour was the most preferred by insects. Our results confirmed high degree of diversity of insect’s fauna in the study area. Our study suggested that a modified Moerick′s water traps may be a valuable tool in studies on insect diversity, distribution, seasonal abundance, and foraging behaviour as well.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Musuh Alami Tanaman Padi pada Lahan Lebak di Tiga Desa Kecamatan Sungai Pandan Kabupaten HSU

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-399
Author(s):  
Farida Adriani ◽  
Nur Hafizah
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
The Third ◽  
Water Traps ◽  
Paddy Crop

       Utilization of insect diversity is useful in overcoming pest in the field, by using parasitoids and predators to control pests, can prevent the use of toxic chemicals in the field, while providing a safe haven for other species to live and play its role in maintaining the health of the ecosystem. Insect diversity in South Kalimantan, especially paddy fields in swampy areas largely unknown, and therefore need to be examined. The aim of this study is to identify and assess the diversity of natural enemies in paddy crop in swampy areas, especially in the three villages in the district of  Sungai Pandan, Hulu Sungai Utara. This study was conducted from February - June 2015. The method used in this research is survey method with direct observation with an area of rice fields has been determined, and sampling arthropod natural enemies by using a swinging nets, water traps and light traps. Results from this study are: (1) The number of arthropod natural enemies found in shallow swamps is 20 species from seven orders, mid swamps and in each of the 16 species of seven orders; (2) The highest predator arthropod population in the shallow swamp area is Micraspis sp., The middle swamp is Paederus fuscipes, and the deep swamp is Micraspis sp. ; and (3) the diversity index of natural enemies of arthropods on the third mainland is low

Pan trapping in habitats supporting Platanthera (Orchidaceae) shows little difference in insect family-level diversity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Genevieve E. van der Voort ◽  
Manu E. Saunders ◽  
Jasmine K. Janes
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Insect Biodiversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
Pan Traps

Abstract The role of insects as pollinators within plant communities is well established, yet our knowledge of insect biodiversity in many habitats is lacking. Given the growing concern that insect biodiversity is declining, it is increasingly important to document insect assemblages from a wide range of geographic locations and habitats. Pan trapping is a common means of sampling local insect diversity. Many studies have found different insects associated with different-coloured pan traps. Here, eight different-coloured pan traps were used to sample local insect diversity in habitats supporting Platanthera (bog and rein) orchids on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. A total of 16 sites supporting seven orchid species resulted in 435 insects from 53 families being caught over 64.9 hours of pan trapping. Both Shannon and Simpson diversity index values were low despite sampling in markedly different habitats. Yellow traps caught higher numbers of insects, but no statistical difference was found among colours overall. No activity indicating pollination was recorded from a total of 254 insect observations over 21.5 hours. Our results contribute important baseline data on the diversity and behaviour of insect communities in orchid habitats of Vancouver Island and on the use of pan traps to characterise insect communities.

Some factors influencing variability in water-trap catches of Tipula spp. (Diptera: Tipulidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Colour Preference ◽  
Water Trap ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Water Traps ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractExperiments were undertaken in July and August 1982 in Northern Ireland to examine the effects of some factors which could influence the number of craneflies caught by water traps. Tipula paludosa Mg. and T. oleracea L. were caught, but the latter only in small numbers. Catches of males of T. paludosa, but not of females, decreased as the height of the trap walls increased. All catches were larger in traps of greater diameter. A significant colour preference was found for males of T. paludosa, in the order green > red > yellow > white > blue > black. Increasing the number of traps per unit area increased the mean catch per trap. It is concluded that the attraction of traps for craneflies, if any, is only slight and that the insects may descend randomly over traps so that greater numbers are caught in wide, low-walled traps. Catch is possibly greatest in green traps because of an inability of craneflies to distinguish them from grass.

Diet, Prey Selection and Foraging Behaviour of the Orange Horseshoe-Bat, Rhinonycteris Aurantius.

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Timing Of Reproduction ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Faecal Analysis ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Selection Of

Results of faecal analysis were compared with insect captures in light traps to examine the dietary preferences of R. aurantius in the Northern Territory, Australia. Relative proportions of insects eaten differed significantly from insects available. R. aurantius exhibited a medium niche breadth throughout the year, being neither a specialist not a generalist. It selectively foraged on Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, and was opportunistic in regard to seasonal abundances of Isoptera. This bat had dietary preferences similar to other members of the Hipposideridae. The timing of reproduction and selection of roost sites was related to the seasonal abundance of food resources.

scholarly journals Comparison of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis isolates from walnut trees grown in Romania and Hungary

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bandi
Keyword(s):  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Xanthomonas Arboricola ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Among diseases that affect walnut, bacterial blight is considered the most important one in all walnut growing areas both from Hungary and Romania. For the determination of susceptibility/resistance of walnut cultivars in our posterior work planned, 61 bacterial isolates were collected from walnuts showing symptoms of blight, with the purpose of isolating Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj). The characteristic Xaj colonies, frequently present as saprophytes in the infected plant tissues, were separated from other bacteria according to their morphology, yellow colour, hydrolysis of starch, and oxidation of glucose. All isolates were tested for pathogenicity by hypersensitive reaction on tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum L.), bean pods (Phaseolus vulgaris L) and unripe nuts (Juglans regia L.). Determination of taxonomy of the selected isolates denotes a possible subdivision (races, biotypes) of Xaj occurring in different geographical areas, API 20NE and API 50CH kits were used. Hungarian and Romanian strains showed a high degree of similarity of carbohydrate utilization but slightly differed from the type strain. All were Cu-sensitive.

Tissue section lifting for electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-87
Author(s):  
Adrian F. van Dellen
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Specific Determination ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

The morphologic pathologist may require information on the ultrastructure of a non-specific lesion seen under the light microscope before he can make a specific determination. Such lesions, when caused by infectious disease agents, may be sparsely distributed in any organ system. Tissue culture systems, too, may only have widely dispersed foci suitable for ultrastructural study. In these situations, when only a few, small foci in large tissue areas are useful for electron microscopy, it is advantageous to employ a methodology which rapidly selects a single tissue focus that is expected to yield beneficial ultrastructural data from amongst the surrounding tissue. This is in essence what "LIFTING" accomplishes. We have developed LIFTING to a high degree of accuracy and repeatability utilizing the Microlift (Fig 1), and have successfully applied it to tissue culture monolayers, histologic paraffin sections, and tissue blocks with large surface areas that had been initially fixed for either light or electron microscopy.

Electron Microscopy in Molecular Biology

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Cecil E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Shadow Casting ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The visualization of organic macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, viruses and virus components has reached its high degree of effectiveness owing to refinements and reliability of instruments and to the invention of methods for enhancing the structure of these materials within the electron image. The latter techniques have been most important because what can be seen depends upon the molecular and atomic character of the object as modified which is rarely evident in the pristine material. Structure may thus be displayed by the arts of positive and negative staining, shadow casting, replication and other techniques. Enhancement of contrast, which delineates bounds of isolated macromolecules has been effected progressively over the years as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 by these methods. We now look to the future wondering what other visions are waiting to be seen. The instrument designers will need to exact from the arts of fabrication the performance that theory has prescribed as well as methods for phase and interference contrast with explorations of the potentialities of very high and very low voltages. Chemistry must play an increasingly important part in future progress by providing specific stain molecules of high visibility, substrates of vanishing “noise” level and means for preservation of molecular structures that usually exist in a solvated condition.

A High Angle, Double Tilting Cold Stage for the AEI EM7

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
P.R. Swann ◽  
A.E. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Habit Plane ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Drift ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Better Than

Figure 1 shows the design of a specimen stage used for the in situ observation of phase transformations in the temperature range between ambient and −160°C. The design has the following features a high degree of specimen stability during tilting linear tilt actuation about two orthogonal axes for accurate control of tilt angle read-out high angle tilt range for stereo work and habit plane determination simple, robust construction temperature control of better than ±0.5°C minimum thermal drift and transmission of vibration from the cooling system.

New Aspects in the Design of Electron Optical Magnification Systems

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Willem H.J. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Theoretical Limit ◽  
Optical Magnification ◽  
Chromatic Aberrations ◽  
High Degree

Electron microscope design, and particularly the design of the imaging system, has reached a high degree of perfection. Present objective lenses perform up to their theoretical limit, while the whole imaging system, consisting of three or four lenses, provides very wide ranges of magnification and diffraction camera length with virtually no distortion of the image. Evolution of the electron microscope in to a routine research tool in which objects of steadily increasing thickness are investigated, has made it necessary for the designer to pay special attention to the chromatic aberrations of the magnification system (as distinct from the chromatic aberration of the objective lens). These chromatic aberrations cause edge un-sharpness of the image due to electrons which have suffered energy losses in the object.There exist two kinds of chromatic aberration of the magnification system; the chromatic change of magnification, characterized by the coefficient Cm, and the chromatic change of rotation given by Cp.

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