scholarly journals Inter-Laboratory Reproducibility and Interchangeability of 3R4F and 1R6F Reference Cigarettes in Mainstream Smoke Chemical Analysis and In Vitro Toxicity Assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Yuka Sakai ◽  
Sakura Mori ◽  
Miyuki Yanagimachi ◽  
Tomohiro Takahashi ◽  
Kaori Shibuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
International Organization ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Health Canada ◽  
Development Center ◽  
Insight Into

Summary A new reference cigarette, 1R6F, produced by the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, has been manufactured as a substitute for the 3R4F reference cigarette because of a depletion of 3R4F stock. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the interchangeability of 1R6F and 3R4F by comparing the chemical and biological characteristics of the mainstream smoke and to assess the inter-laboratory reproducibility by comparing the results obtained in the current study with a previous report. We analyzed 45 priority chemicals required by Health Canada for regulatory reporting and assessed the toxicological effects of cigarette smoke using in vitro standard toxicological assays recommended by the Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard and intense smoking regimens. The results of the chemical analysis and standard toxicological assays showed a good inter-laboratory reproducibility for 1R6F as a reference cigarette, while there were some slight reproducible differences between 1R6F and 3R4F. In addition, we investigated the interchangeability of 1R6F with 3R4F in some additional toxicological assays that detect oxidative stress because oxidative stress is a principle endpoint used in tobacco research with next generation tobacco and nicotine delivery products (NGPs). Both 1R6F and 3R4F elicited comparable responses in the oxidative stress assays. Overall, our results showed inter-laboratory reproducibility in chemical and standard toxicological assessments of 1R6F; thus, suggesting the suitability of 1R6F as a reference cigarette. In addition, the results obtained in the oxidative stress assays provide insight into the interchangeability of 1R6F with 3R4F when used as a comparator for NGPs.

scholarly journals New insight into artifactual phenomena during in vitro toxicity assessment of engineered nanoparticles: Study of TNF-α adsorption on alumina oxide nanoparticle

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1049-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Pailleux ◽  
Delphine Boudard ◽  
Jérémie Pourchez ◽  
Valérie Forest ◽  
Philippe Grosseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Alumina Oxide ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Haemostatic Studies of Preparations from Selected Vegetables from Cucurbitaceae Family

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4326
Author(s):  
Agata Rolnik ◽  
Iwona Kowalska ◽  
Agata Soluch ◽  
Anna Stochmal ◽  
Beata Olas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Cucurbitaceae Family

The aim of this study was to provide detailed insight into the chemical composition and activity of five cucurbit vegetable preparations (pumpkin, zucchini, cucumber, white and yellow pattypan squash), each containing various phytochemical compounds with potential use against oxidative stress induced by the hydroxyl radical donors in human plasma in vitro. We studied the antiradical capacity of vegetable preparations using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. As oxidative stress may induce changes in hemostasis, our aim included the determination of their effect on three selected hemostatic parameters of plasma, which are three coagulation times: PT (prothrombin time), APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) and TT (thrombin time). However, none of used vegetable preparations changed APTT, PT or TT compared to the control. The phytochemical composition of the tested preparations was determined by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. In our in vitro experiments, while all five tested preparations had antioxidant potential, the preparation from yellow pattypan squash showed the strongest potential. All cucurbit vegetable preparations inhibited lipid peroxidation. Only zucchini did not have an effect on protein carbonylation and only yellow pattypan squash inhibited thiol oxidation. The antioxidant activity of cucurbits appears to have triggered significant interest in multiple applications, including CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) associated with oxidative stress, which can be treated by supplementation based on these vegetables.

scholarly journals Mainstream smoke constituents and in vitro toxicity comparative analysis of 3R4F and 1R6F reference cigarettes

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Jaccard ◽  
Donatien Tafin Djoko ◽  
Alexandra Korneliou ◽  
Regina Stabbert ◽  
Maxim Belushkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Mainstream Smoke

scholarly journals An Insight into Sargassum muticum Cytoprotective Mechanisms against Oxidative Stress on a Human Cell In Vitro Model

Marine Drugs ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susete Pinteus ◽  
Marco Lemos ◽  
Joana Silva ◽  
Celso Alves ◽  
Agnieszka Neugebauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Sargassum Muticum ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Insight Into

Insights into flibanserin oxidative stress degradation pathway: in silico – in vitro toxicity assessment of its degradates

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 2620-2630
Author(s):  
Mohammed F. El-Behairy ◽  
Rasha M. Ahmed ◽  
Marwa A. A. Fayed ◽  
Samar Mowafy ◽  
Inas A. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Stress Degradation ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity Assessment

Characterization of the degradation products of pharmaceutical drugs is essential to assess their safety.

Nonclinical Toxicological Evaluation of Occidiofungin, a Unique Glycolipopeptide Antifungal

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Tan ◽  
Jim Cooley ◽  
Frank Austin ◽  
Shi-En Lu ◽  
Stephen B. Pruett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Burkholderia Contaminans ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
B6c3f1 Mice ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
H4iie Cell

Occidiofungin, a glycolipopeptide obtained from the liquid culture of Burkholderia contaminans MS14, has been identified as a novel fungicide. The present study was designed to initially assess the in vitro toxicity in a rat hepatoma (H4IIE) cell line and acute toxicological effects of occidiofungin using a mouse model. In vitro toxicity was observed in all variables at 5 μmol/L. B6C3F1 mice were given single and repeat doses of occidiofungin up to 20 mg/kg. Key effects were a reduction in body and organ weights. However, no significant decrease in body weight was noted at a dose of 1 mg/kg, which is comparable to the dose level of other cyclic glycopeptide antifungal agents currently approved for human use. Microscopic examination of treated mice did not identify any signs of organ-specific toxicity at the dose levels tested.

scholarly journals Mainstream Smoke Chemistry and in Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity of the Reference Cigarettes 3R4F and 2R4F

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 316-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Roemer ◽  
H Schramke ◽  
H Weiler ◽  
A Buettner ◽  
S Kausche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Red ◽  
Kinase Assay ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Inhalation Study ◽  
Uptake Assay ◽  
Toxicological Activity ◽  
Health Canada

AbstractA new reference cigarette, the 3R4F, has been developed to replace the depleting supply of the 2R4F cigarette. The present study was designed to compare mainstream smoke chemistry and toxicity of the two reference cigarettes under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) machine smoking conditions, and to further compare mainstream smoke chemistry and toxicological activity of the 3R4F cigarette by two different smoking regimens, i.e., the machine smoking conditions specified by ISO and the Health Canada intensive (HCI) smoking conditions.The in vitro cytotoxicity and mutagenicity was determined in the neutral red uptake assay, the Salmonella reverse mutation assay, and the mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase assay. Additionally, a 90-day nose-only inhalation study in rats was conducted to assess the in vivo toxicity. The comparison of smoke chemistry between the two reference cigarettes found practically the same yields of total particulate matter (TPM), ‘tar’, nicotine, carbon monoxide, and most other smoke constituents. For both cigarettes, the in vitro cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and in vivo toxicity showed the expected smoke-related effects compared to controls without smoke exposure. There were no meaningful differences between the 2R4F and 3R4F regarding these toxicological endpoints. The assessments for the 3R4F cigarette by smoking regimen found as a trivial effect, due to the higher amount of smoke generated per cigarette under HCI conditions, an increased yield of toxicant and higher toxicological activity per cigarette. However, per mg TPM, ‘tar’, or nicotine, the amounts of toxicants and the in vitro toxicity were generally lower under HCI conditions, but the in vivo activity was not different between the two machine smoking conditions. Overall, as the main result, the present study suggests equivalent smoke chemistry and in vitro and in vivo toxicity for the 2R4F and 3R4F reference cigarettes.

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