Simulation of Decline of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies L. Karst.) Forests in Gorgan Mountains (Ukrainian Carpathians): Case Study Using Forkome Model

AbstractThe FORKOME model used in the article contains elements of forest and ecological approaches and was specially developed for the conditions of the Gorgans. The modeling was performed based on the single simulation results and statistically averaged forecast of 200 simulations (“Monte Carlo”) in order to show the tendency of changes and their correspondence with single simulations. The forecast of the forest dynamics was conducted at the 100th anniversary period with “control” and “warm-dry” scenarios. It has been revealed that the rapid decrease in biomass in the first decade was caused by Norway spruce decline. It was revealed that in the control scenario, the most active biomass growth during the 100th year forecast was shown by Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The fir reacted relatively sensitively to the warming and decrease in rainfall. The relationships between tree species and the influence of biomass of Norway spruce tree on the biomass of the whole forest tree stand were analyzed.

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Reconstitution of a lost forest tree population: A case study of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.014 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 255 (7) ◽

pp. 2103-2108 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

W. Chałupka ◽

L. Mejnartowicz ◽

A. Lewandowski

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Tree Population

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Correction to: The importance of non-forest tree stand features for protection of the Syrian Woodpecker Dendrocopos syriacus in agricultural landscape: a case study from South-Eastern Poland

Agroforestry Systems ◽

10.1007/s10457-020-00531-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 1837-1837

Author(s):

Jerzy Michalczuk

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Landscape ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Tree Stand ◽

South Eastern ◽

Dendrocopos Syriacus

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Situation of Armillaria spp. and Heterobasidion spp. in Slovenia

BALTIC FORESTRY ◽

10.46490/vol25iss1pp002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 2-9

Author(s):

Ana Brglez ◽

Nikica Ogris

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Deciduous Trees ◽

Silver Fir ◽

Coniferous Trees ◽

Current State ◽

Common Causes ◽

Pinus Spp

Species of the genus Armillaria and Heterobasidion are among the most common causes of stem and root rot in Slovenia. Armillaria spp. infects deciduous and coniferous trees, while Heterobasidion spp. mainly threatens Norway spruce (Picea abies), pines (Pinus spp.), and silver fir (Abies alba). On the basis of the data about the sanitary felling of infected trees, we estimated the current state and calculated the proportions represented in total felling, total sanitary felling, total sanitary felling due to diseases, in wood stock, and in increments from 2013 to 2017. Since 2014, there has been a constant increase in the sanitary felling of deciduous and coniferous trees due to infections with Armillaria spp. In 2017, 32,849 m3 of timber were harvested due to Armillaria spp. Given the present situation, we assume that the amount of sanitary felling will continue to increase, but it will not account for large shares in wood stock or increment (< 1 %). In 2017, sanitary felling of infected conifers represented 27.6 % of all sanitary felling due to diseases. In the case of deciduous trees, the share was lower, i.e. 7.1 %. Armillaria spp. was the main cause of sanitary felling due to disease (51.9 %) in the Postojna forest management unit (FMU), while elsewhere shares of up to 10 % were recorded. With Heterobasidion spp., the amount of felling is decreasing over the years. In 2017, 33,922 m3 of wood, accounting for 15.7 % of the total sanitary felling due to disease, were felled due to Heterobasidion spp. A comparison of the felling of Norway spruce, silver fir, and Scots pine due to Heterobasidion spp. shows the different proportions of felling within the total sanitary felling due to the diseases. In Norway spruce, it is on average 79.5 %, in silver fir 12.9 %, and in Scots pine 34.3 %. We assume that the volume of timber harvested due to Heterobasidion spp. will gradually decrease over the years due to the lower wood stocks of Norway spruce, which has recently been hit by numerous natural disasters and infestation of bark beetles. However, the incidence will be higher due to climate change affects.

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Muster und treibende Kräfte der Samenproduktion bei Waldbäumen

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2016.0316 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 167 (6) ◽

pp. 316-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas Wohlgemuth ◽

Anita Nussbaumer ◽

Anton Burkart ◽

Martin Moritzi ◽

Ulrich Wasem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Mast Seeding ◽

Silver Fir ◽

Fine Scale ◽

Central Plateau ◽

Forest Tree Species

Patterns and driving forces for seed production in forest tree species Why is the annual fruit production in forest tree species not constant, and which factors cause massive fruit production (seed mast year)? These and other related questions were already posed more than 100 years ago when tree breeding was economically beneficial. The questions have not been fully answered, yet. Rather, the same questions are studied again today as the climate is changing and the uncertainty about the continuation of forests at their current locations is growing. A 25 year long observation series on the variation of fruit production in Switzerland revealed a mean frequency of three years for mast seeding (full and medium mast) at low elevation on the Central Plateau in European beech (Fagus sylvatica), oak (Quercus petraea, Q. robur) and silver fir (Abies alba). In contrast, mast seed years of Norway spruce (Picea abies) occurred, on average, every sixth year. In 1992 and 2011, all four species synchronously showed mast seeding. The results are discussed in the light of different theories and new research findings. From the state of the current know ledge, we derive the need for long-term and fine-scale baseline data and present the new reporting and information webpage «mast web.ch». Here, volunteers can report observations on the fruit production of main tree species following a few simple criteria (citizen science approach). With this data, distribution maps on mass fructification levels will be made available and will serve for spatio-temporal fine-scale studies on mast seeding phenomena.

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Reforestation in Belarus: From the history up to the present time

REFORESTA ◽

10.21750/refor.3.08.32 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

Vadim Nosnikov

Keyword(s):

Abies Alba ◽

Alnus Glutinosa ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Forest Plantations ◽

Silver Fir ◽

White Birch ◽

Scotch Pine ◽

History Of ◽

The Republic

The forest has always played a big part in Belarus. At present it covers about 40% of area of the country`s territory. Predominantly the forests are of natural origin. The main species are Pinus sylvestris L. (Scotch pine), Betula pendula Roth (European white birch) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Norway spruce). The other valuable species are Quercus robur L (English oak), Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (European alder), Larix decidua Mill. (European larch), Abies alba Mill. (Silver fir). The history of the forest management in Belarus showed that over last 150 years the enormous damage to the qualitative and quantitative composition of forests had been made by wars and reconstruction of destroyed industry. The taken reforestation measures allowed to increase the forest area significantly, however, the work on improving of forests` quality requires further development. At present the artificial forest regeneration prevails in the republic. Over the past five years the volumes of established forest plantations range from 21 to 25 thousand hectares annually, the areas of assistance to the natural regeneration – from 4 to 6 thousand hectares annually. By now there are about 1,700 ha of the forest seed orchards, 2,795 plus trees and 1,125 ha of the plus stands in the republic. The cultivation of planting stock for needs of reforestation is carried out on 73 forest tree nurseries with a total area of 1,440 ha. Annually over the last five years there were grown from 270 to 317 million seedlings and transplants, among them 30-35 million seedlings were grown in greenhouses and about 6 million were container seedlings. In order to improve the gene resource and thereby to increase the productivity and quality of future forests, the tendency of forest plantations` prevalence in the reforestation process of Belarus should remain, but in this case the volumes of partial forest plantations should be increased.

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Effects of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) on the humus forms in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) stands

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/19/2018-jfs ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 245-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Podrázský Vilém ◽

Vacek Zdeněk ◽

Kupka Ivo ◽

Vacek Stanislav ◽

Třeštík Michal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Silver Fir ◽

Forest Site ◽

Exchangeable Al ◽

Top Soil

The effects of silver fir (Abies alba Miller) on the soil compared to Norway spruce (Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten) were evaluated. Altitude of the study site is 790 m a.s.l., mild slope of 10° facing SW, forest site is spruce-beech on acid soil. The forest floor and top soil horizons (L + F1, F2 + H, Ah) were sampled in 4 replications beneath unmixed Norway spruce and silver fir groups. Comparing the soil-forming effects of both species, few significant differences were found in the Ah horizon – contents of total C, N, exchangeable Al and plant available Ca were higher beneath spruce. The soil improving role of silver fir compared to spruce was confirmed at the studied locality.

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