scholarly journals Effects of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) on the humus forms in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) stands

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Podrázský Vilém ◽  
Vacek Zdeněk ◽  
Kupka Ivo ◽  
Vacek Stanislav ◽  
Třeštík Michal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Top Soil

The effects of silver fir (Abies alba Miller) on the soil compared to Norway spruce (Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten) were evaluated. Altitude of the study site is 790 m a.s.l., mild slope of 10° facing SW, forest site is spruce-beech on acid soil. The forest floor and top soil horizons (L + F1, F2 + H, Ah) were sampled in 4 replications beneath unmixed Norway spruce and silver fir groups. Comparing the soil-forming effects of both species, few significant differences were found in the Ah horizon – contents of total C, N, exchangeable Al and plant available Ca were higher beneath spruce. The soil improving role of silver fir compared to spruce was confirmed at the studied locality.

Direct seeding of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) to convert Norway spruce (Picea Abies L.) forests in Europe: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franka Huth ◽  
Alexandra Wehnert ◽  
Katharina Tiebel ◽  
Sven Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Silver Fir

Three-dimensional structure of tubular air channels formed by Armillaria spp. in water-saturated logs of silver fir and Norway spruce

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1338-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Metzler ◽  
U Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Moisture Content ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Air Channels ◽  
Water Saturated

Water saturation of wood impedes the availability of oxygen necessary for wood decay. Storage of logs under water sprinkling is therefore used as an economic method in forestry. However, sapwood decay caused by Armillaria spp. was found in logs under water sprinkling, even at a wood moisture content of more than 150% (dry weight basis). Decay was associated with the formation of tubular air channels discernible as bright streaks extending from the cambial region into the sapwood. Their light colour results from different refraction of light in gas-filled versus water-filled wood structures. To examine the structure of the tubular air spaces in greater detail, we sampled wood of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. and silver fir (Abies alba (Mill.)). Radial, transverse, as well as tangential sections of affected timber were examined, and a structural model of tubular air channels is presented. These structures are formed around wood rays by a tubular sheath of pseudoparenchymatous mycelium, which in its cellular structure is reminiscent of pseudosclerotial plates. This structure allows the efficiently located extrusion of water from water-saturated wood. The power necessary for this process is suggested to be the generation of gaseous CO2. Since the air channels are in contact with the external surface, they evidently act as a conduit allowing oxygen to enter and penetrate to a depth of several centimetres. By this unique arrangement of the tubular air channels, Armillaria spp. appear able to metabolize wood cells in an aerobic microenvironment within water-saturated wood. This results in wood decay leading to significant economic loss in stored timber despite the application of regular sprinkling.Key words: Armillaria spp., Picea abies, Abies alba, wood moisture content, oxygen supply, wood anatomy, wood decay.

scholarly journals Effect of climate and air pollution on radial growth of mixed forests: Abies alba Mill. vs. Picea abies (L.) Karst.

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Mikulenka ◽  
Anna Prokůpková ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
Stanislav Vacek ◽  
Daniel Bulušek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Pollution Load

AbstractNorway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) are main tree species of Central Europe that are currently highly vulnerable in times of global climate change. The research deals with the effect of climate and air pollution on radial growth of silver fir and Norway spruce in mixed age-varied (56 – 146 years) forests in the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area, the Czech Republic. The objectives were to evaluate biodiversity, structure and production, specifically interaction of radial growth of fir and spruce to air pollution (SO2, NOX, tropospheric ozone) and climatic factors (precipitation, air temperature). Concentration of SO2 and NOX had negative effect on radial growth of fir, while radial growth of spruce was more negatively influenced by tropospheric ozone. Fir showed higher variability in radial growth and was more sensitive to climatic factors compared to spruce. On the other hand, fir was relatively adaptable tree species that regenerated very well when the pressure of stress factors subsided (air pollution load, Caucasian bark beetle, frost damage). Low temperature was a limiting factor of radial growth in the study mountainous area, especially for fir. Fir was significantly sensitive to late frost, respectively, spruce to winter desiccation and spring droughts with synergism of air pollution load. Generally, older forest stands were more negatively influenced by air pollution load and climatic extremes compared to young trees.

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