scholarly journals Effect of Three Technical Arms Swings on The Elevation of the Center of Mass During a Standing Back Somersault

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bessem Mkaouer ◽  
Monèm Jemni ◽  
Samiha Amara ◽  
Helmi Chaabène ◽  
Johnny Padulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
High Level

Abstract Arms swing during standing back somersaults relates to three different “gymnastics schools”, each is considered “optimal” by its adepts. In the three cases, technical performance, elevation and safety differ. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the mechanical variables of three different arms swing techniques in the performance of a standing back tucked somersault. Five high-level male gymnasts (age: 23.17±1.61 yrs; body height: 1.65±0.05 m; body mass: 56.80±7.66 kg) randomly performed standing somersaults under three conditions, each following a different arms’ swing technical angle (270°, 180° and 90°). A force plate synchronized with a three dimensional movement analysis system was used to collect kinetic and kinematic data. Significant differences were observed between somersaults’ performance. The back somersault performed with 270° arms swing showed the best vertical displacement (up to 13.73%), while the back somersaults performed with 180° arms swing showed a decrease in power (up to 22.20%). The back somersault with 90° arms swing showed the highest force (up to 19.46%). Considering that the higher elevation of the centre of mass during the flight phase would allow best performance and lower the risk of falls, this study demonstrated that optimal arms’ swing technique prior to back tucked somersault was 270°.

scholarly journals Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Two Gymnastics Acrobatic Series to Performing the Backward Stretched Somersault

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bessem Mkaouer ◽  
Monèm Jemni ◽  
Samiha Amara ◽  
Helmi Chaabène ◽  
Zouhair Tabka
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
High Level

Back swing connections during gymnastics acrobatic series considerably influence technical performance and difficulties, particularly in the back somersault. The aim of this study was to compare the take-off’s kinetic and kinematic variables between two acrobatic series leading to perform the backward stretched somersault (also called salto): round-off, flic-flac to stretched salto versus round-off, tempo-salto to stretched salto. Five high level male gymnasts (age 23.17 ± 1.61 yrs; body height 1.65 ± 0.05 m; body mass 56.80 ± 7.66 kg) took part in this investigation. A force plate synchronized with a two dimensional movement analysis system was used to collect kinetic and kinematic data. Statistical analysis via the non-parametric Wilcoxon Rank-sum test showed significant differences between the take-offs’ variables. The backswing connections were different in the take-off angle, linear momentum, vertical velocity and horizontal and vertical displacements. In conclusion, considering that the higher elevation of the centre of mass in the flight phase would allow best performance and lower the risk of falls, particularly when combined to a great angular momentum, this study demonstrated that the optimal connection series was round-off, flic-flac to stretched salto which enabled the best height in the somersault. Analysis of the results suggests that both connections facilitate the performance of single and double (or triple) backward somersaults with or without rotations around the longitudinal axis. Gymnasts could perform these later while gaining height if they chose the round-off, flic-flac technique or gaining some backward displacement if they choose the round-off, salto tempo.

Static and dynamic postural control in long-term microgravity: evidence of a dual adaptation

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Baroni ◽  
Alessandra Pedrocchi ◽  
Giancarlo Ferrigno ◽  
Jean Massion ◽  
Antonio Pedotti
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Dynamic Movement ◽  
Static Body

The adaptation of dynamic movement-posture coordination during forward trunk bending was investigated in long-term weightlessness. Three-dimensional movement analysis was carried out in two astronauts during a 4-mo microgravity exposure. The principal component analysis was applied to joint-angle kinematics for the assessment of angular synergies. The anteroposterior center of mass (CM) displacement accompanying trunk flexion was also quantified. The results reveal that subjects kept typically terrestrial strategies of movement-posture coordination. The temporary disruption of joint-angular synergies observed at subjects' first in-flight session was promptly recovered when repetitive sessions in flight were analyzed. The CM anteroposterior shift was consistently <3–4 cm, suggesting that subjects could dynamically control the CM position throughout the whole flight. This is in contrast to the observed profound microgravity-induced disruption of the quasi-static body orientation and initial CM positioning. Although this study was based on only two subjects, evidence is provided that static and dynamic postural control might be under two separate mechanisms, adapting with their specific time course to the constraints of microgravity.

CONTROL OF ERRORS USING A SIMPLIFIED CLINICAL SETUP FOR MOTION ANALYSIS: ERRORS DUE TO CALIBRATION AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION

2005 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 491-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC BERTHONNAUD ◽  
JOANNÈS DIMNET
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Analysis Errors ◽  
New System

Different systems of motion analysis have been described. They usually associate several cameras with a force platform. They can analyze very sophisticated human movements. They are, however, expensive and require significant technical formation from users. A new system is proposed for simple and standard clinical applications. It uses only two cameras and a coupled force plate delivering only the vertical component of the patient weight and the location of his center of mass. It is inexpensive, simple to use and delivers accurate results. This is obtained through a strict experimental protocol, and a new method of data treatment which allows the control of errors at each step of the successive calculations. This paper describes the new system, the new calibration procedure and the control of errors.

scholarly journals Effect of Leg Dominance on The Center-of-Mass Kinematics During an Inside-of-the-Foot Kick in Amateur Soccer Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Zago ◽  
Andrea Francesco Motta ◽  
Andrea Mapelli ◽  
Isabella Annoni ◽  
Christel Galvani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Ground Support ◽  
Analysis System

Abstract Soccer kicking kinematics has received wide interest in literature. However, while the instep-kick has been broadly studied, only few researchers investigated the inside-of-the-foot kick, which is one of the most frequently performed techniques during games. In particular, little knowledge is available about differences in kinematics when kicking with the preferred and non-preferred leg. A motion analysis system recorded the three-dimensional coordinates of reflective markers placed upon the body of nine amateur soccer players (23.0 ± 2.1 years, BMI 22.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2), who performed 30 pass-kicks each, 15 with the preferred and 15 with the non-preferred leg. We investigated skill kinematics while maintaining a perspective on the complete picture of movement, looking for laterality related differences. The main focus was laid on: anatomical angles, contribution of upper limbs in kick biomechanics, kinematics of the body Center of Mass (CoM), which describes the whole body movement and is related to balance and stability. When kicking with the preferred leg, CoM displacement during the ground-support phase was 13% higher (p<0.001), normalized CoM height was 1.3% lower (p<0.001) and CoM velocity 10% higher (p<0.01); foot and shank velocities were about 5% higher (p<0.01); arms were more abducted (p<0.01); shoulders were rotated more towards the target (p<0.01, 6° mean orientation difference). We concluded that differences in motor control between preferred and non-preferred leg kicks exist, particularly in the movement velocity and upper body kinematics. Coaches can use these results to provide effective instructions to players in the learning process, moving their focus on kicking speed and upper body behavior

Biomechanics of Regular and Lateral Stair Climbing

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Almashqbeh
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Right

The kinematic and kinetic differences between two styles of stair climbing, namely regular stair climbing (RSC) and lateral stair climbing (LSC), was studied. A four-step wooden stair instrumented with two force plates was used as the action platform. The kinematic and kinetic recordings were collected using a 6-camera, 2-force plate commercial three-dimensional motion analysis system. The LSC activity was subdivided into LSCL activity, where the right leg was the leading leg, and LSCT.

Effects of Fatigue on Running Mechanics: Spring-Mass Behavior in Recreational Runners After 60 Seconds of Countermovement Jumps

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Fischer ◽  
Jorge L.L. Storniolo ◽  
Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Vertical Stiffness ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Running Mechanics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute fatigue on spring-mass model (SMM) parameters among recreational runners at different speeds. Eleven participants (5 males and 6 females) performed running trials at slower, self-selected, and faster speeds on an indoor track before and after performing a fatigue protocol (60 s of countermovement jumps). Maximal vertical force (Fmax), impact peak force (Fpeak), loading rate (LR), contact time (Tc), aerial time (Ta), step frequency (SF), step length (SL), maximal vertical displacement of the center of mass (ΔZ), vertical stiffness (Kvert), and leg work (Wleg) were measured using a force plate integrated into the track. A significant reduction (–43.1 ± 8.6%; P < .05) in mechanical power during jumps indicated that the subjects became fatigued. The results showed that under fatigue conditions, the runners adjusted their running mechanics at slower (≈2.7 ms–1; ΔZ –12% and SF +3.9%; P < .05), self-selected (≈3.3 ms–1; SF +3%, SL –6.8%, Ta –16%, and Fmax –3.3%; P < .05), and faster (≈3.6 ms–1 SL –6.9%, Ta –14% and Fpeak –9.8%; P < .05) speeds without significantly altering Kvert (P > .05). During constant running, the previous 60 s of maximal vertical jumps induced mechanical adjustments in the spatiotemporal parameters without altering Kvert.

scholarly journals Large-scale comparative visualisation of sets of multidimensional data

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dany Vohl ◽  
David G. Barnes ◽  
Christopher J. Fluke ◽  
Govinda Poudel ◽  
Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
High Level

We presentencube—a qualitative, quantitative and comparative visualisation and analysis system, with application to high-resolution, immersive three-dimensional environments and desktop displays.encubeextends previous comparative visualisation systems by considering: (1) the integration of comparative visualisation and analysis into a unified system; (2) the documentation of the discovery process; and (3) an approach that enables scientists to continue the research process once back at their desktop. Our solution enables tablets, smartphones or laptops to be used as interaction units for manipulating, organising, and querying data. We highlight the modularity ofencube, allowing additional functionalities to be included as required. Additionally, our approach supports a high level of collaboration within the physical environment. We show how our implementation ofencubeoperates in a large-scale, hybrid visualisation and supercomputing environment using the CAVE2 at Monash University, and on a local desktop, making it a versatile solution. We discuss how our approach can help accelerate the discovery rate in a variety of research scenarios.

scholarly journals 2D Video Analysis System to Analyze the Performance Model of Figure Roller Skating: A Pilot Study

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Cristian Romagnoli ◽  
Vincenzo Bonaiuto ◽  
Giorgio Gatta ◽  
Naomi Romagnoli ◽  
Anas Alashram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Compensatory Strategy ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
High Level

Figure roller skating is a discipline composed of various movements which involve jumps, artistic figures and spins in a seamless program which has both technical and shapely difficult. A biomechanical analysis of a double salchow was performed using a 2D video analysis of one European and in two Italian roller skaters. On average, the high level (HL) roller skater showed a horizontal velocity of the center of mass higher than the average, especially in the prop stage, whereas the medium level (ML) and low level (LL) athletes reduced their velocity significantly. The spin angular velocity of the ML and LL skaters was always higher than of the HL. This phenomenon would seem to be a compensatory strategy for a lower jump height, with a reduced trunk-thigh angle and less thigh lever arm (coxo-femur/knee joints) during the take-off and landing phases of the double salchow jump.

scholarly journals Use of Reflective Tape to Detect Ultrasound Transducer Movement: A Validation Study

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Lisa Mohr ◽  
Lutz Vogt ◽  
Jan Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Ultrasound Transducer ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Semitendinosus Muscle ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dynamic Ultrasound ◽  
Analysis System

During dynamic ultrasound assessments, unintended transducer movement over the skin needs to be prevented as it may bias the results. The present study investigated the validity of two methods quantifying transducer motion. An ultrasound transducer was moved on a pre-specified 3 cm distance over the semitendinosus muscle of eleven adults (35.8 ± 9.8 years), stopping briefly at intervals of 0.5 cm. Transducer motion was quantified (1) measuring the 2-D displacement of the shadow produced by reflective tape (RT) attached to the skin and (2) using a marker-based, three-dimensional movement analysis system (MAS). Differences between methods were detected with Wilcoxon tests; associations were checked by means of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 3.1) and Bland–Altman plots. Values for RT (r = 0.57, p < 0.001) and MAS (r = 0.19, p = 0.002) were significantly higher than true distances (TD). Strong correlations were found between RT and TD (ICC: 0.98, p < 0.001), MAS and TD (ICC: 0.95, p < 0.001), and MAS and RT (ICC: 0.97, p < 0.001). Bland–Altman plots showed narrow limits of agreement for both RT (−0.49 to 0.13 cm) and MAS (−0.49 to 0.34 cm) versus TD. RT and MAS are valid methods to quantify US transducer movement. In view of its low costs and complexity, RT can particularly be recommended for application in research and clinical practice.

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