Multidisciplinary Study of Cores From the Wetland of El Melah, Southwestern Tunisia

Saline systems are candidates to be threatened by climatic change. In terms of methodology and materials, color identification, geochemistry, and mineralogy analysis were used. The spectral analysis of data of the amount of active K and Na firstly shows the individualization of a cycle stretching along with 1000 yr. Then, a less pronounced cycle of 2500 years is marked with a lower intensity. Also, on the spectral analysis of K data, the drowned cycles of 650 and 500 years are marked by weak intensities not reaching the threshold level. These two comparable cycles may be artifacts due to analysis errors or variability in the rate of sedimentation resulting in the bifurcation of two hybrid cycles from one real cycle. This work confirmed the cycles found by color studies through real analyses such as geochemical and magnetic measurements. As a matter of fact, the majority of cycles found out by the spectral analysis of colors data are confirmed through analyses.

From Model Organisms to Humans, the Opportunity for More Rigor in Methodologic and Statistical Analysis, Design, and Interpretation of Aging and Senescence Research

This review identifies frequent design and analysis errors in aging and senescence research and discusses best practices in study design, statistical methods, analyses, and interpretation. Recommendations are offered for how to avoid these problems. The following issues are addressed: 1) errors in randomization, 2) errors related to testing within-group instead of between-group differences, 3) failing to account for clustering, 4) failing to consider interference effects, 5) standardizing metrics of effect size, 6) maximum lifespan testing, 7) testing for effects beyond the mean, 8) tests for power and sample size, 9) compression of morbidity versus survival curve-squaring, and 10) other hot topics, including modeling high-dimensional data and complex relationships and assessing model assumptions and biases. We hope that bringing increased awareness of these topics to the scientific community will emphasize the importance of employing sound statistical practices in all aspects of aging and senescence research.

Analisis Kredit Macet pada Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Unit Rungkut Surabaya pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

COVID-19 pandemic is a phenomenon that has made all economic sectors down, and thats including the banking sector. This pandemic makes credit risk will increase, therefore the problem in this research its about causes of bad credit in People's Business Credit (KUR), and how are the efforts of BRI Rungkut Surabaya Unit in resolving and minimizing bad loans during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study using qualitative research with a descriptive approach, informed by informants from BRI KUR Rungkut officers and KUR debtors as well as data on bad credit financial reports. The results showed that bad loans at BRI Unit Rungkut Surabaya were caused by external factors in the form of business risks, natural and non-natural disasters, and bad faith from customers. Internal factors in the form of overcrediting, analysis errors, and feelings of pity. The steps to resolve and minimize bad loans carried out by BRI Unit Rungkut Surabaya are in accordance with the regulations given by the government during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Displacement Estimation Error in Laser Scanning Monitoring of Retaining Structures Considering Roughness

Point clouds were obtained after laser scanning of the concrete panel, SMW, and sheet pile which is most widely used in retaining structures. The surface condition of the point cloud affects the displacement calculation, and hence both local roughness and global curvature of each point cloud were analyzed using the different sizes of the kernel. The curvature of the three retaining structures was also analyzed by the azimuth angle. In this paper, artificial displacements are generated for the point clouds of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% of the retaining structures, and displacement and analysis errors were calculated using the C2C, C2M, and M3C2 methods. C2C method is affected by the resolution of the point cloud, and the C2M method underestimates the displacement by the location of the points in the curvature of the retaining structures. M3C2 method had the lowest error, and the optimized M3C2 parameters for analyzing the displacement were presented.

PENERJEMAHAN KALIMAT IMPERATIF DAN KESALAHANNYA DALAM KITAB AR RAḤĪQ AL MAKHTŪM KARYA SYAIKH SHAFIYYURRAHMAN AL MUBARAKFURI

This research analyzes the translation of imperative sentences in Ar Raḥīq Al Makhtūm book (2007) by Shaikh Shafiyyurahman Al Mubarakfuri which was created to participate in a scientific competition on sirah nabawiyah in Pakistan. The book was translated into Indonesian by Kathur Suhardi as Sirah Nabawiyah (2014), a translator graduating from a boarding school who has published several translated books from any sciences. This research aims to describe the translation and its errors that applied by translator on translating imperative sentences in Ar Raḥīq Al Makhtūm book. The translation of imperative sentences is divided into two parts, the translation of positive imperative sentences (84%) and the translation of negative imperative sentences (16%), while that translation errors of imperative sentence are divided into four parts among them, linguistic category errors (28%), surface strategy errors (16%), comparative analysis errors (8%) and communicative effect errors (48%). The research methodology was qualitative descriptive research, an analysis that carried out from collecting data by the observation method of reading, understanding and signing of imperative sentences so be able to distinguish between imperative sentences with others. After collecting the data, then classifies the data according to categories and presents all data regarding the translation and its errors of imperative sentences and finally making the conclusions based on data that has been found. It was found there were 103 imperative sentence translation data with 87 positive imperative sentence translation data and 16 negative imperative sentence translation data, while for translation errors of imperative sentence researcher founds 50 data with 14 data in linguistic category errors, 8 data in the surface strategy errors, 4 data in comparative analysis errors and 24 data in communivative effect errors.

Methodological Approach to Studying Unintended Consequences of Digitalization in Education

The article describes sociological research methodology referring to the problems of digitalization in education. The authors’ concept of digitalization is defined according to the specific aims of the study, emphasizing the peculiarities of the educational sphere. Digitalization in education can be considered as an introduction and active use of digital technologies at different stages of the educational process. The study has determined that the introduction of digital technologies in education leads to the unintended consequences which can have unanticipated effects on educational institutions and their actors. The unintended consequences are conceptualized using R. Merton’s theoretical perspective and are defined as unexpected, unforeseen results caused by a purposive action. They could be divided into three subgroups: 1) unexpected benefit, 2) unexpected drawback, 3) perverse result. To study the unintended consequences the authors designed a methodological approach which focuses on macro and micro factors which determine attitudes to digitalization on the part of various participants of the educational process. The complex structure of the empirical object is determined by the hypothesis, that the unintended consequences of digitalization vary for different social groups involved in the process of education and highly depend on the context. The educational process is described as a complex system with two major components and structured in accordance with specific spheres in which introduction of digital technologies is possible. In conclusion, authors put forward a hypothesis that the suggested methodological approach will contribute to relating the unintended consequences of digitalization to their sources, also identified by R. Merton: ignorance or incomplete analysis; errors in analysis of the problem or following outdated habits; immediate interests overriding the long-term ones; following basic values which require / prohibit certain actions; self-defeating prophecy. Keywords: digitalization, socio-educational sphere, education, unintended consequences, attitudes to digitalization

STUDI KASUS: ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA MATEMATIKA MATERI SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR TIGA VARIABEL DI SMA NEGERI 1 CERME GRESIK JAWA TIMUR

Abstrak Penelitian ini didasari atas banyaknya kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa dalam mengerjakan soal cerita matematika menyebabkan terjadinya kesalahan. Kesalahan siswa harus segera dipecahkan agar tidak terulang dan mempengaruhi hasil belajar. Pemecahan ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengetahui dimana letak kesalahan yang terjadi, jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan dan faktor penyebabnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis letak dan jenis kesalahan serta faktor yang menyebabkan kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa menggunakan tahapan pemecahan pemecahan masalah Polya. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan metode tes tulis dan wawancara. Tes tulis yang diberikan berupa soal cerita matematika pada materi sistem persamaan linear tiga variabel. Subjek penelitian yaitu 3 siswa dipilih dari 36 siswa XI IPA4 SMA Negeri 1 Cerme. Subjek penelitian dipilih berdasarkan banyaknya kesalahan yang dilakukan pada saat tes tulis, kemudian diwawancarai. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa dalam mengerjakan soal cerita dengan materi sistem persamaan linear tiga variabel, terjadi kesalahan pada masing-masing indikator dalam tahapan pemecahan masalah Polya, di antaranya (1) kesalahan dalam pemahaman soal, (2) kesalahan dalam perencanaan penyelesaian, (3) kesalahan dalam pelaksanaan rencana penyelesaian, dan (4) kesalahan dalam pemeriksaan kembali. Siswa melakukan kesalahan dalam bentuk kesalahan konsep, kesalahan prinsip, dan kesalahan operasi. Faktor penyebab kesalahan siswa yaitu tidak memahami makna soal, lemahnya pemahaman konsep, tidak fokus dalam pengerjaan, lingkungan dan cara belajar siswa. Dari letak, jenis dan faktor penyebab kesalahan yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh pendidik sebagai pertimbangan dalam merencanakan pembelajaran agar kesalahan serupa tidak terulang. Kata kunci: analisis, kesalahan, pemecahan masalah Polya, soal cerita, spltv. Abstract This research is motivated by the number of difficulties students faced while solving mathematics story problem which causes errors. Student’s error needs to be solved immediately to not affecting the learning result. To solve them, we needs to identified location of the errors occur, types of mistakes are made, and what are the causes. This research use a qualitative-descriptive approach. This research aims to analyze the location, type of errors, and the causes using Polya’s problem-solving steps. To collect data, this research using written test and interview methods. The written test is in the form of mathematics story problem involving the linear equation of three variables. The research subjects were 3 of 36 students from class 11th Science 4 State Highschool of Cerme. Research subject is chosen based on the number of errors made during the written test then interviewed. The result of this research shows that in order to solve problems, errors occurs on each Polya’s problem-solving steps indicators, such as (1) errors in understanding the problem, (2) errors in devising a plan, (3) errors in carrying out the plan, and (4) errors in looking back. The type of errors made by students were concept error, principle error, and operation error. The factors are not understand the problem, low concept, not focus, cognitive factors, and their learning environment. The result of this research can be used for teachers to make their teaching plan to avoid the same error occurs. Keywords: analysis, errors, story problems, Polya’s problem-solving, spltv.

Assimilation of Satellite-retrieved Sea Ice Concentration and Prospects for September Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice

The current GFDL seasonal prediction system achieved retrospective sea ice extent (SIE) skill without direct sea ice data assimilation. Here we develop sea ice data assimilation, shown to be a key source of skill for seasonal sea ice predictions, in GFDL’s next generation prediction system, the Seamless System for Prediction and Earth System Research (SPEAR). Satellite sea-ice concentration (SIC) observations are assimilated into the GFDL Sea Ice Simulator version 2 (SIS2) using the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF). Sea ice physics is perturbed to form an ensemble of ice-ocean members with atmospheric forcing from the JRA-55 reanalysis. Assimilation is performed every 5 days from 1982 to 2017 and the evaluation is conducted at pan-Arctic and regional scales over the same period. To mitigate an assimilation overshoot problem and improve the analysis, sea surface temperatures (SST) are restored to the daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature version 2 (OISSTv2). The combination of SIC assimilation and SST restoring reduces analysis errors to the observational error level (∼10%) from up to 3 times larger than this (∼30%) in the free-running model. Sensitivity experiments show that the choice of assimilation localization half-width (190km) is near optimal and that SIC analysis errors can be further reduced slightly either by reducing the observational error or by increasing the assimilation frequency from 5-daily to daily. A lagged-correlation analysis suggests substantial prediction skill improvements from SIC initialization at lead times of less than 2 months.

Analisis Kesalahan Siswa Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Materi Barisan dan Deret Aritmetika Kelas XI MIA SMA Al-Ikhlas Lubuklinggau

This study aims to find out what types of errors and factors cause students to make mistakes in solving the arithmetic sequence and sequence material for class XI MIA SMA Al-Ikhlas Lubuklinggau. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques in research using observation, interviews and documents. Data analysis procedure with the steps: data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results showed that there were errors made by students of class XI MIA SMA Al-Ikhlas Lubuklinggau in solving story questions about arithmetic sequences and series, namely: errors in understanding questions (49.99%), question transformation (50%), operation process (79.16 %) and writing the final answer (88.89%). The overall average error is (67.01%) with the high category. Based on the results of the interview the causes of students made mistakes, namely: students forgot and were unable to write information into mathematical symbols, did not know the formulas that should be used in the questions, were in a hurry because time was running out, were not careful, were mistaken in writing the operation signs, did not know which steps were must be done, forgetting to write down conclusions, and consider the final answer only to get the value that is sought. Keywords: Analysis, Errors, Problem Stories, Sequences and Arithmetic Series.