scholarly journals Test-Retest Reliability of Isokinetic Arm Strength Measurements in Competitive Swimmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽  
Francisco J. Dominguez-Muñoz ◽  
Nuno Batalha ◽  
Jose Parraça ◽  
Pablo Tomas-Carus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Rotation Strength ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Abstract Swimming motor patterns lead internal rotators to grow stronger than antagonist muscles, what may increase the risk of injury in swimmers. Injury prevention often involves the improvement of external rotators strength, as well as the external rotation/internal rotation ratio. The current research aimed to evaluate the test-retest reliability of shoulder concentric rotation strength in competitive swimmers using an isokinetic dynamometer. The study enrolled 35 competitive swimmers aged between 13 and 19 years. Concentric movements were performed including internal and external rotations of the shoulder joint following the instructions of the standardized protocol. The angular velocity of the test was defined at 60º/s. Outcome measures were peak torque (Nm) and work (J), measured in both, the dominant and non-dominant arms. The external rotation/internal rotation ratio was also calculated. Reliability was excellent for peak torque and work. For the external rotation/internal rotation ratio, the ICC oscillated between 0.744 and 0.860 for the work ratio of the non-dominant arm and the peak torque ratio of the dominant arm, respectively. In general terms, better reliability was observed for peak torque compared with work, for external rotation compared with internal rotation, and for the dominant arm compared with the non-dominant one.

scholarly journals Relationship between propulsive force of the arm, body composition and isokinetic muscle strength indicators in surfers

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-351
Author(s):  
Sidarta Oliveira Geber ◽  
Bruno Remígio Cavalcante ◽  
Antonio Henrique Germano-Soares ◽  
Raysa Catarina Cavalcante Figueiredo Montes ◽  
Arthur Henrique Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Propulsive Force ◽  
Teres Major

This study aimed to evaluate the potential relationship between body composition (percentage of fat mass (FM %), fat mass and lean mass), muscle function (e.g., muscles; deltoid side and front, pectoralis major and teres major) and the propulsive force of the arm (PFA). Sixteen competitive surfers (29.1 ± 7.3 years; 1.72 ± 0.06 m; 74.2 ± 1.4 kg) were assessed for height, body mass, body composition (dual-energy-DXA), muscle function and PFA. Pearson correlation analyses were used to verify the relationship between all variables. An inverse correlations were found between PFA and isokinetic parameters to 60o/s: external rotation (peak torque: r = -0.71; p = 0.014; total work: r = -0.75; p = 0.007; power: r = -0.72; p = 0.011) and internal rotation (peak torque: r = -0.61; p = 0.045; total work: r = -0.73; p = 0.010; power: r = -0.61; p = 0.045) and 300o/s: external rotation (peak torque: r = -0.79; p = 0.003; total work: r = -0.84; p<0,001; power: r = -0.81; p = 0.002) and internal rotation (peak torque: r = -0.69; p = 0.017; total work: r = -0.72; p = 0.011; power: r = -0.69; p = 0.017). There was no significant correlation between body composition components and PFA (p>0.05). Although correlations do not imply cause and effect, PFA is not correlated with body composition in surfers and these relationships are inversely related to the parameters of muscle function.

scholarly journals Isokinetic strength of shoulder internal and external rotators in cricket bowlers

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
X.M. Mabasa ◽  
A. Stewart ◽  
C. Fleishman
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Joint System ◽  
Rotational Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Rotation Strength

The strength of the shoulder internal and external rotators incricket bowlers, may not be sufficient to cope with the demands of bowling.As very little research has been done on cricketers, this study was done to establish the isokinetic strength profile of the shoulder internal andexternal rotators in cricket bowlers.Isokinetic, shoulder rotational strength was evaluated in thirty malecricket volunteers with a mean age of 23.9 years and mean body weight of 70.3 kgs. The Cybex 340 dynamometer multi joint system was used to collect data on shoulder rotation strength in a standing neutral position. Data were collected at four different speeds (60,90,180 and 300deg/sec) and were computed for peak torque values for internal and external ratios for both dominant and non dominant shoulders.The results showed no statistically significant difference in the mean shoulder rotational torque between the bowlingand non-bowling shoulders for external rotation (p>0.05), and indicated statistically significant differences in themean shoulder rotational torque between the bowling and non-bowling shoulders for internal rotation (p<0.05). Therewas a significant decrease in isokinetic peak torque production for the external/internal rotator muscles as the speedof contraction increased (p<0.05). The peak torque ratio for the external/internal rotator muscles of the bowling armwere significantly less than of the non-bowling arm (p<0.05). These findings suggest that the strength ratios of thebowling arm need to be considered when managing young cricketers and their injuries.

Shoulder Rotation Function following the Sup-ER Protocol in Children with Brachial Plexus Injuries

Hand ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 155894472093736
Author(s):  
Leeor S. Yefet ◽  
Doria Bellows ◽  
Marija Bucevska ◽  
Rebecca Courtemanche ◽  
Kim Durlacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elbow Function ◽  
Rotation Strength ◽  
Rotation Function

Background: Our group previously developed an upper extremity repositioning (Sup-ER) protocol for brachial plexus birth injuries (BPBIs) that may improve supination and external rotation (ER) at 2 years of age. Questions were raised about the potential for the protocol to cause internal rotation (IR) deficits. The goal of this study was to explore the longer-term outcomes of the Sup-ER protocol and investigate IR/ER function. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional cohort study examined 16 children older than 4 years of age with significant enough BPBI to be treated with the Sup-ER protocol. Total shoulder and elbow function were assessed, including passive and active ranges of motion and strength of IR and ER. Results: Range of motion (ROM) for most active movements was decreased in the affected compared to unaffected arm. Notably, IR passive ROM was similar in the affected (78.7°) and unaffected arm (82.8°). External rotation strength of the affected arm was weaker (42.8 N) compared to the unaffected arm (57.9 N). IR strength had a greater deficit in the affected (43.2 N) arm compared to the unaffected arm (72.2 N), but both ER and IR showed less deficit than described in the literature. Conclusions: Despite differences in ranges of motion between the affected and unaffected arms, ROMs for the affected arm were comparable to the functional limits as reported in the literature. The Sup-ER protocol shows potential to optimize long-term shoulder rotation function in children with BPBI without compromising IR.

Landing Kinematics and Isometric Hip Strength of Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 969-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. McCann ◽  
Masafumi Terada ◽  
Kyle B. Kosik ◽  
Phillip A. Gribble
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Hip Strength ◽  
Hip Kinematics ◽  
Rotation Strength

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with hip strength deficits and altered movement in the lower extremity. However, it remains unclear how hip strength deficits contribute to lateral ankle sprain (LAS) mechanisms. We aimed to compare lower extremity landing kinematics and isometric hip strength between individuals with and without CAI and examine associations between hip kinematics and strength. Methods: Seventy-six individuals completed 5 single-leg landings, during which we collected three-dimensional ankle, knee, and hip kinematics from 200 milliseconds pre–initial contact to 50 milliseconds post–initial contact. We calculated average peak torque (Nm/kg) from 3 trials of isometric hip extension, abduction, and external rotation strength testing. One-way analyses of variance assessed group differences (CAI, LAS coper, and control) in hip strength and kinematics. Pearson product moment correlations assessed associations between hip kinematics and strength. We adjusted the kinematic group comparisons and correlation analyses for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. Results: The CAI group exhibited less hip abduction during landing than LAS copers and controls. The CAI group had lower hip external rotation strength than LAS copers ( P = .04, d = 0.62 [0.05, 1.17]) and controls ( P < .01, d = 0.87 [0.28, 1.43]). Effect sizes suggest that the CAI group had deficits in EXT compared with controls ( d = 0.63 [0.06, 1.19]). Hip strength was not associated with hip landing kinematics for any group. Conclusion: Altered landing mechanics displayed by the CAI group may promote mechanisms of LAS, but they are not associated with isometric hip strength. However, hip strength deficits may negatively impact other functional tasks, and they should still be considered during rehabilitation. Level of Evidence: Level III, case-control study.

Functional Adaptations in Isokinetic Performance and Shoulder Mobility in Elite Ultimate Frisbee Players

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Koeble ◽  
Wolfgang Seiberl
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
National Team ◽  
Body Side ◽  
Agonist And Antagonist ◽  
Ultimate Frisbee ◽  
Isokinetic Performance ◽  
Rotation Strength ◽  
Male Subjects

AbstractUltimate Frisbee is a team sport where players mainly use their dominant arm for throwing a flying disc. Little is known about possible functional adaptations to this unilateral strain. The purpose of this study was to investigate shoulder rotation strength and range of motion (ROM) in elite Ultimate Frisbee players. We were especially interested in possible sport-specific functional adaptations of peak torque and work ratios as well as the range of motion of agonist and antagonist shoulder rotators regarding laterality between the dominant and non-dominant body sides. For this reason, the concentric external and internal isokinetic (60°/s) shoulder rotation torque and passive glenohumeral rotation ROM were examined in 15 male subjects (27.5 ± 5.5 yrs; all current or former members of the German National Team) and comparisons of dominant to non-dominant body sides were conducted. Maximum strength (work) during external shoulder rotation was higher on the dominant body side compared with the non-dominant body side (8.4 ± 8.4 %; p < 0.01). No side-to-side differences were found in maximum internal rotation strength. Internal rotation ROM and total ROM were smaller on the dominant body side (21 ± 18 %; p < 0.01 and 5 ± 9 %; p < 0.05). Our findings indicate similar adaptation patterns of shoulder rotation mobility compared to other overhead sports, but differing results regarding shoulder rotation strength. Stretching exercises and monitoring programs are recommended for elite Ultimate Frisbee players, starting at the early stages of the career.

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