Effects of hand grip exercise on shoulder joint internal rotation and external rotation peak torque

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-525
Author(s):  
Dong-Rour Lee ◽  
Laurentius Jong-Soon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Hand Grip

scholarly journals Relationship between propulsive force of the arm, body composition and isokinetic muscle strength indicators in surfers

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-351
Author(s):  
Sidarta Oliveira Geber ◽  
Bruno Remígio Cavalcante ◽  
Antonio Henrique Germano-Soares ◽  
Raysa Catarina Cavalcante Figueiredo Montes ◽  
Arthur Henrique Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Propulsive Force ◽  
Teres Major

This study aimed to evaluate the potential relationship between body composition (percentage of fat mass (FM %), fat mass and lean mass), muscle function (e.g., muscles; deltoid side and front, pectoralis major and teres major) and the propulsive force of the arm (PFA). Sixteen competitive surfers (29.1 ± 7.3 years; 1.72 ± 0.06 m; 74.2 ± 1.4 kg) were assessed for height, body mass, body composition (dual-energy-DXA), muscle function and PFA. Pearson correlation analyses were used to verify the relationship between all variables. An inverse correlations were found between PFA and isokinetic parameters to 60o/s: external rotation (peak torque: r = -0.71; p = 0.014; total work: r = -0.75; p = 0.007; power: r = -0.72; p = 0.011) and internal rotation (peak torque: r = -0.61; p = 0.045; total work: r = -0.73; p = 0.010; power: r = -0.61; p = 0.045) and 300o/s: external rotation (peak torque: r = -0.79; p = 0.003; total work: r = -0.84; p<0,001; power: r = -0.81; p = 0.002) and internal rotation (peak torque: r = -0.69; p = 0.017; total work: r = -0.72; p = 0.011; power: r = -0.69; p = 0.017). There was no significant correlation between body composition components and PFA (p>0.05). Although correlations do not imply cause and effect, PFA is not correlated with body composition in surfers and these relationships are inversely related to the parameters of muscle function.

scholarly journals Kinematic instrumental analysis of the shoulder and elbow joint in normal conditions and with hypermobility of the joint in the gait cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Olga I. Vorontcova ◽  
Larisa A. Udochkina ◽  
Marina S. Baranec ◽  
Marina V. Grechitaeva ◽  
Ludmila A. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Joint Hypermobility ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Joint Hypermobility Syndrome ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Common Sign ◽  
Analysis System

Background. There is evidence for violation or a complete change in the arm swing cycle during walking in a number of pathologic conditions. Aim. We assess the functional state of the shoulder and elbow joints in normal conditions and with joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) using the kinematic instrumental method of analyzing gait. Material and methods. We studied 27 adolescent girls 1215 years old with JHS and healthy subjects. A Vicon motion capture analysis system (Vicon, Oxford, Great Britain) was used to record biomechanical parameters. Results. A decrease in limb movement amplitudes was noted in the shoulder joint around the frontal and sagittal axes in patients with JHS compared to the norm. During the arm swing cycle in the normal state, the shoulder is in a state of internal rotation, whereas in the girls with JHS, the shoulder is in a state of external rotation for most of the arm swing cycle. The elbow joint in the JHS subjects showed a significant increase in flexion angle of the forearm in the swing phase of 41.5 0.90 and a decrease in this angle in the stance phase. The JHS group also showed a decrease in power of the muscles acting on the shoulder joint. Conclusions. A common sign of changes in the range of motion of the links of the upper limb in the shoulder and elbow joints in subjects with JHS was decreased amplitude of their flexion and decreased power of the joints. In the adolescents with JHS in the shoulder joint, a significant decrease in the internal rotation angles and reduction of the limb was found.

scholarly journals Test-Retest Reliability of Isokinetic Arm Strength Measurements in Competitive Swimmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽  
Francisco J. Dominguez-Muñoz ◽  
Nuno Batalha ◽  
Jose Parraça ◽  
Pablo Tomas-Carus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Rotation Strength ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Abstract Swimming motor patterns lead internal rotators to grow stronger than antagonist muscles, what may increase the risk of injury in swimmers. Injury prevention often involves the improvement of external rotators strength, as well as the external rotation/internal rotation ratio. The current research aimed to evaluate the test-retest reliability of shoulder concentric rotation strength in competitive swimmers using an isokinetic dynamometer. The study enrolled 35 competitive swimmers aged between 13 and 19 years. Concentric movements were performed including internal and external rotations of the shoulder joint following the instructions of the standardized protocol. The angular velocity of the test was defined at 60º/s. Outcome measures were peak torque (Nm) and work (J), measured in both, the dominant and non-dominant arms. The external rotation/internal rotation ratio was also calculated. Reliability was excellent for peak torque and work. For the external rotation/internal rotation ratio, the ICC oscillated between 0.744 and 0.860 for the work ratio of the non-dominant arm and the peak torque ratio of the dominant arm, respectively. In general terms, better reliability was observed for peak torque compared with work, for external rotation compared with internal rotation, and for the dominant arm compared with the non-dominant one.

STRENGTHENING AND STABILIZATION EXERCISES IN PREVENTION OF SHOULDER INJURIES

sportlogia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Bernarda Letnar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
Stretching Exercises

The shoulder joint is the most flexible joint in the human body which experiences high loads during certain sport activities involving overhead motion. Overhead athletes experience rapid shoulder elevation, abduction and external rotation during the movement and rapid deceleration after the movement, making them susceptible to shoulder injuries. Due to the extreme ranges of motion, overhead athletes tend to develop increased external rotation, combined with decreased range of internal rotation, emphasizing the need for balanced shoulder care program in the training process to prevent such occurrences. The aim of the research paper was to develop training regimen for injury prevention and shoulder maintenance that can be incorporated in daily training activities of the athletes in order to decrease the occurrence of injuries. Three part training program was designed consisting of specific warm up, strengthening and stabilization exercises and stretching exercises. The aim of the specific warm up was to prepare the shoulder for the training loads, mimicking the overhead movements and stimulating the stabilization in the joint. Strengthening and stabilization exercises aimed to strengthen external rotators in the shoulder and improve the stabilization of the shoulder joint by targeting specific muscles such as serratus anterior. The focus of stretching exercises was to stretch internal rotation muscles, which experience high loads in the overhead athlete's training. An effective training program that can be performed with minimal equipment and in a short time frame was designed to enable its simple incorporation into the daily training of overhead athletes.

scholarly journals Isokinetic force-power profile of the shoulder joint in males participating in CrossFit training and competing at different levels

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11643
Author(s):  
Maximiliano A. Torres-Banduc ◽  
Daniel Jerez-Mayorga ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
Justin W.L. Keogh ◽  
Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Power Profile ◽  
Crossfit Training

Background As participants who engage in CrossFit training and competition perform a large volume of high intensity overhead activities, injuries to the shoulder are one of the most common in this sport. Previous research in other sports has indicated that the isokinetic force power profile of the shoulder joint (IPSJ) rotator muscles may assist in the prediction of shoulder injury. Aim Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the IPSJ in males engaged in CrossFit training at different competitive levels. Methods In a cross-sectional study design, participants (age, 24.1 ± 2.7 years) classified as ‘beginner’ (n = 6), ‘intermediate’ (n = 7) or ‘advanced’ (n = 9) provided informed consent to participate in this study. The IPSJ assessment involved rotational and diagonal movements, including internal and external shoulder rotator muscles, at both 180°.s−1 and 300°.s−1. The variables analysed were peak torque/body mass (%), mean power (W) and the external/internal peak torque/body mass ratio (%). A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the IPSJ of the three groups, with Dunn’s test used for post-hoc analysis. The alpha level was set at p < 0.05. Results The IPSJ showed greater torque and power values in those who competed at the advanced level as compared to those at a lower competitive level (i.e. intermediate, beginner). This was observed mainly for the internal rotation and internal diagonal movements at both 180°.s−1 and 300°.s−1. However, such differences between competitive levels were, in general, absent for the external rotation and external diagonal movements. Moreover, the participants from the advanced competitive level exhibited an imbalance of peak torque between the muscles responsible for the external–internal rotational and external-internal diagonal movements of the shoulder (i.e. peak torque external/internal ratio <66%), particularly in the dominant shoulder. Conclusion These findings suggest greater development of the shoulder internal rotators and a higher probability of shoulder injury in CrossFit athletes at the advanced competitive level. Based on these results, participants engaged in CrossFit training and competition may wish to increase the volume of training for the shoulder external rotator muscles to complement the large increases in shoulder internal rotator strength that occur as a part of their regular training regimes.

scholarly journals Effects of Kinesiology Taping on Shoulder Posture and Peak Torque in Junior Baseball Players with Rounded Shoulder Posture: A Pilot Study

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Hyeong-geun Yun ◽  
Jung-Hoon Lee ◽  
Im-Rak Choi
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Shoulder Peak ◽  
Kinesiology Tape ◽  
To Receive

Rounded shoulder posture (RSP) causes an imbalance of the adjacent joints due to the malalignment of the shoulder joint, and thus affects the strength of the muscles surrounding the shoulder. This study aimed to investigate the effect of rounded shoulder taping (RST) on shoulder posture and muscle strength in junior baseball players. Nineteen junior baseball players participated in the study, which used a crossover design at an interval of 1 week. The participants were randomized to receive rounded shoulder taping (RST) and sham kinesiology taping (SKT) using kinesiology tape. RSP was measured using two 12-inch combination squares, and shoulder peak torques were measured by isokinetic equipment. The results showed that RST led to significant changes in RSP (p < 0.05), but no significant changes were observed with SKT (p < 0.05). RST led to significant changes in the peak torques of external rotation and internal rotation of the shoulder (p < 0.05), but no significant changes were observed with SKT (p < 0.05). These results suggest that RST could help to correct RSP and improve peak torque of external and internal rotation of the shoulders of junior baseball players with RSP.

Shoulder External- and Internal-Rotation Isokinetic Strength in Master’s Swimmers

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deb West ◽  
Gisela Sole ◽  
S. John Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Shoulder Muscle Strength

Objectives:To establish muscle-strength and -balance profiles for shoulder external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) in master’s swimmers.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:Six male and seven female master’s swimmers and a matched control group.Measurements:Concentric and eccentric ER and IR shoulder movements were recorded (Kin-Com™ isokinetic dynamometer). Peak-torque values, concentric ER:IR ratios, eccentric ER:IR (conventional) ratios, and eccentric ER:concentric IR (functional) ratios were examined between groups.Results:Mean peak-torque values ranged from 21.23 to 37.69 N · m for the swimmers, which, although 15% to 27% greater than those of the controls, were not statistically different. Conventional (0.78:0.86) and functional (1.06:1.17) ratios did not differ between groups.Conclusions:These data will contribute to the development of guidelines for assessing shoulder-muscle strength in Master’s swimmers.

Shoulder External Rotational Properties During Physical Examination Are Associated With Injury That Requires Surgery and Shoulder Joint Loading During Baseball Pitching

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110398
Author(s):  
Hannah Stokes ◽  
Koco Eaton ◽  
Naiquan (Nigel) Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Joint Loading ◽  
Arm Injuries ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Shoulder Flexibility

Background: Throwing arm injuries are common because of the demand on the shoulder. The shoulder is qualitatively checked regularly by team physicians. Excessive instability and joint loading in baseball pitching are risk factors for throwing arm injuries. Knowledge of shoulder flexibility, range of motion, and joint loading may provide new insights for treatments to reduce the likelihood of injury incidence. Purpose: To investigate the relationship among injuries, shoulder external rotational properties, and shoulder joint loading in baseball pitchers. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Pitching kinetics, shoulder rotational tests, and self-reported injury questionnaires were used to study 177 collegiate baseball pitchers. Pitching motion data were collected at 240 Hz using a motion capture system. A custom program calculated the shoulder joint loading. The shoulder rotational test quantitatively records shoulder range of motion and flexibility using a custom-made wireless device. Self-reported injury questionnaires were filled out during tests and yearly follow-ups. The total length of the study was 5 years. Analysis of variance, chi-square, and regression tests were performed to compare differences among groups and detect correlations with surgery and shoulder joint loadings. Results: There were significant differences in shoulder flexibility among surgery groups. Shoulder external rotational properties during physical examination were significantly associated with shoulder joint loading in baseball pitching. High shoulder external rotation was associated with 14% to 36% lower shoulder posterior force and adduction, internal rotation, and horizontal adduction torque ( P < .05). High shoulder flexibility was associated with 13% higher anterior force ( P < .05). High shoulder external rotation before external rotation torque was applied was associated with 13% to 33% lower shoulder inferior force and adduction, internal rotation, and horizontal adduction torque ( P < .05). There were no significant differences in shoulder joint loading among the surgery groups. Conclusion: Shoulder injuries that require surgery were associated with shoulder external rotation flexibility. High shoulder external rotation may be advantageous because it lowers the force and torque on the shoulder joint. Clinical Relevance: The ability to understand shoulder external rotational properties, joint loading, and injury during baseball pitching helps further our understanding of injury mechanisms. The shoulder rotational test should be used as a screening tool to identify players at risk.

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