scholarly journals Simultaneous monitoring of electrical capacitance and water uptake activity of plant root system

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Cseresnyés ◽  
Tünde Takács ◽  
Anna Füzy ◽  
Kálmán Rajkai
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Relative Increment ◽  
Uptake Activity ◽  
Daily Transpiration

Abstract Pot experiments were designed to test the applicability of root electrical capacitance measurement for in situ monitoring of root water uptake activity by growing cucumber and bean cultivars in a growth chamber. Half of the plants were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, while the other half served as non-infected controls. Root electrical capacitance and daily transpiration were monitored during the whole plant ontogeny. Phenology-dependent changes of daily transpiration (related to root water uptake) and root electrical capacitance proved to be similar as they showed upward trends from seedling emergence to the beginning of flowering stage, and thereafter decreased continuously during fruit setting. A few days after arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-colonization, daily transpiration and root electrical capacitance of infected plants became significantly higher than those of non-infected counterparts, and the relative increment of the measured parameters was greater for the more highly mycorrhizal-dependent bean cultivar compared to that of cucumber. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization caused 29 and 69% relative increment in shoot dry mass for cucumbers and beans, respectively. Mycorrhization resulted in 37% increase in root dry mass for beans, but no significant difference was observed for cucumbers. Results indicate the potential of root electrical capacitance measurements for monitoring the changes and differences of root water uptake rate.

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of maize seedlings under salt stress

2018 ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwen Xu, Yan Lu ◽  
Shuyuan Tong
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Rubisco Activity

The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus. tortuosum on morphology, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, photosynthetic capacity and rubisco activity of maize under saline stress were detected under potted culture experiments. The experimental result indicated the saline stress notably reduced both dry mass and leaf area in contrast with the control treatment. Nevertheless, AMF remarkably ameliorated dry mass and leaf area under saline stress environment. Besides, maize plants appeared to have high dependency on AMF which improved physiological mechanisms by raising chlorophyll content, efficiency of light energy utilization, gas exchange and rubisco activity under salinity stress. In conclusion, AM could mitigate the growth limitations caused by salinity stress, and hence play a very important role in promoting photosynthetic capacity under salt stress in maize.

scholarly journals Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and tolerance to water deficit of coffee plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Moreira ◽  
André C. França ◽  
Wellington W. Rocha ◽  
Evandro S. R. Tibães ◽  
Eudes Neiva Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Water Contents

ABSTRACT Water stress can be alleviated in plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compared to that experienced by those without mycorrhizae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of coffee plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under different soil moisture conditions. Seeds of the coffee cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 and three fungal inoculants (Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Dentiscutata heterogama) were used in this study. The soil moisture contents tested were 40, 60, 80, and 100% of field capacity. Seedlings in the matchstick stage were inoculated with mycorrhizae, and then later planted in plastic pots when they developed four to five pairs of definitive leaves. Both the extent of mycorrhizal colonization and increases in leaf area were related to soil moisture content in a quadratic manner for plants inoculated with all three mycorhizzal fungi (R. clarus, C. etunicatum, and D. heterogama), as well as for non-inoculated ones. The highest value of colonization of coffee by mycorrhizae was 39%, which occurred in association with R. clarus at 71% of field capacity. The leaf areas of plants inoculated with fungi increased more than those of non-inoculated plants, regardless of the type of inoculum used. Plants inoculated with D. heterogama at 100% field capacity produced 21% more root dry mass than non-inoculated plants did. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and higher soil moisture increased the growth of coffee seedlings. The plants inoculated with R. clarus, C. etunicatum, and D. heterogama were tolerant to moderate water deficits (i.e. lower soil water contents). Mycorrhizal colonization was highest for plants in soils with moisture levels close to 75% of field capacity.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae medicinal plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

10.21475/na ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((04) 2019) ◽  
pp. 588-598
Author(s):  
Sonivaldo Ruzzene Beltrame ◽  
Rayane Monique Sete da Cruz ◽  
Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço ◽  
Odair Alberton
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
The Mean

Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae are two families of plants grown as medicinal, aromatic, food and ornamental crops, and are of great commercial importance. The cultivation of these species depends on soil quality and availability of soil resources. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) usually penetrates plants through their roots, supplying plants with water and nutrients and receiving photosynthesis products in return. These types of symbiosis benefit the development and production of crops. To analyze the effects of AMF inoculation on the production of plants of these families, a meta - analysis was performed using 183 data of Lamiaceae plants and 68 data of Euphorbiaceae plants. Meta-analysis consists of compiling data from literature to obtain the response ratio, calculated by the mean of the experimental group divided by the mean of the control group. The response variables were shoot dry mass (SDM), total dry mass (TDM), plant height and accumulation of phosphorus in the plant shoot (P-shoot). Results showed an increased mean production of AMF-inoculated plants with a 96% and 97% increase of SDM in Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae, respectively. Increases of 91% in TDM and 248% in P accumulated in the plant shoot were observed for Lamiaceae; values that were higher than those of Euphorbiaceae at 110% and 675%, respectively. This meta-analysis confirmed the potential of AMF to increase biomass production and P accumulation in medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae families.

scholarly journals Development of mycorrhizal soybean grown in copper-contaminated soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3617-3632
Author(s):  
Daiane Sartori Andreola ◽  
◽  
Juliano de Oliveira Stumm ◽  
Daniel Erison Fontanive ◽  
Djavan Antonio Coinaski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Copper Contaminated

High concentrations of copper in the soil are toxic to the development of plants and microorganisms. The aim of this study was to select arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi efficient for the development and yield of soybeangrown in copper-contaminated soil. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a 7 × 4 factorial arrangement corresponding to seven rates of copper (0, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, and 480 mg kg-1 of soil) and four inocula (uninoculated control and three mycorrhizal fungi, namely, Acaulospora colombiana, Dentiscutata heterogama and Rhizophagus clarus), in seven replicates. Shoot height; collar diameter; number of grains per plant; shoot and root-system dry mass; leaf area; specific root surface; copper content and accumulation in the shoots, roots, and grain; chlorophyll parameters; and mycorrhizal colonization percentage were evaluated. Inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Acaulospora colombiana, Dentiscutata heterogama and Rhizophagus clarus increases the phenological and physiological parameters of soybean and its yield when grown in soil contaminated with up to 480 mg kg-1 of copper applied to the soil. The Rhizophagus clarus isolate provides greater development and yield in soybean grown in soil contaminated with up to 480 mg kg-1 of copper applied to the soil, as compared with the other isolates.

The influence of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae on biomass production in willow

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg F. Backhaus ◽  
Per Häggblom ◽  
Lars Owe Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

Cuttings of Salixdasyclados and Salixdaphnoides were grown in clay, peat, or sand under greenhouse conditions and inoculated with endomycorrhizal roots. Uninoculated cuttings in the same substrates served as controls. All plants were fertilized with a commercial fertilizer solution. Shoot dry mass and colonization by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were measured during the experiment. At the end of the experiment growth of inoculated plants was significantly enhanced in peat (p < 0.001) and sand (p < 0.01), while in clay, no effect of inoculation on growth was found. In peat and sand increased growth of plants could be correlated with frequency of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. No significant differences in concentrations of P or N in leaves and stems were noted between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants at the end of the experiment. It is concluded that vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae stimulate growth of willow under greenhouse conditions despite application of easily available nutrients.

scholarly journals MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIOMASS OF GLIRICIDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMIRIS APARECIDA DE CARVALHO SANTOS ◽  
GEOVANIA DOS SANTOS MENEZES ◽  
JESSICA SILVA SANTOS ◽  
LARISSA DE SOUZA GOIS ◽  
SÉRGIO LUIZ MENDONÇA NASCIMENTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Dark Septate Fungi ◽  
Number Of Branches

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction of microorganisms and phosphorus dosages in the development of gliricidia. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments (control, native microbial inoculant, and four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolates: UFLA05 - Gigaspora albida, UFLA351 - Rhizoglomus clarum, UFLA372 - Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and UFLA401 - Acaulospora morrowiae), with four replicates. The parameters evaluated were: height plant, the number of branches, shoot and root dry mass matter, root length and volume, leaf phosphorus, mycorrhizal colonization, the number of spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the number of nodules of nitrogen fixing bacteria, and the presence of endophytic dark septate fungi, after 95 days of inoculation. The high mycorrhizal colonization of gliricidia does not guarantee an increase in biomass, which depends on the interaction of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the endophytic dark septate fungi, the nitrogen fixing bacteria, and the endophytic bacteria. Gliricidia was responsive to the inoculation of the native microbiota, UFLA372 and UFLA401. Mycorrhizal colonization by UFLA401 was influenced by the presence of nitrogen fixing bacteria. Gliricidia was not responsive to the inoculation of UFLA05 and UFLA351. The presence of the endophytic dark septate fungi did not inhibit mycorrhization and the formation of nodules of nitrogen fixing bacteria in gliricidia.

scholarly journals Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alters content and composition of essential oil of Sage (Salvia officinalis) under different phosphorous levels

2019 ◽  
pp. 1617-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayane Monique Sete da Cruz ◽  
Glaucia Leticia Sete da Cruz ◽  
Douglas Cardoso Dragunski ◽  
Affonso Celso Gonçalves Junior ◽  
Odair Alberton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus

This study aimed at evaluating the growth and essential oil content of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) inoculated with two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus clarus and Claroideoglomus etunicatum under different phosphorous (P) levels. The treatments were prepared in a sterile substrate (sand, vermiculite and organic compound (1: 1: 2, v:v) with high (200 mg kg−1) and low (20 mg kg−1) P levels at sowing, with and without AMF inoculation; the experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for four months. Plants were grown in pots with 3 kg of substrate in a 3 x 2 (3 mycorrhizal x 2 levels of P) factorial experiment, in a completely randomized design (with eight repetitions). Spore density, AMF root colonization, plant dry mass, P and N shoot content, yield and composition of essential oil (EO) were determined. Data were processed and submitted to analyses of hierarchical clustering and principal component. Plant biomass increased with addition of P in the substrate. EO content increased with AMF Rhizophagus clarus inoculation in high-P substrate. It was concluded that inoculation with R. clarus and the addition of P at sowing can boost the growth of sage and the content of its EO. Camphor, α-humulene, viridiflorol, manool, α-thujone and β- thujone were the main components of the EO.

scholarly journals Growth and physiology of the citrange ‘Fepagro C37 Reck’ rootstock innoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
Marina Martinello Back ◽  
Gabriela Fedrizzi ◽  
Paulo Vitor Dutra de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Symbiont Species ◽  
Amf Inoculation

ABSTRACT The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the production of rootstocks is a strategy to promote faster plant growth. However, this response depends on the symbiont species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) on the development and physiology of citrange 'Fepagro C37 Reck' rootstock. Four species of AMF were used in the experiment: Scutellospora heterogama, Gigaspora margarita, Glomus etunicatum, and Acaulospora sp., and a control treatment. The experiment was arranged in a randomized blocks design, with 5 treatments, 3 replicates, and 10 plants per plot. Every 15 days, height (cm) and stem diameter (mm) of plants were measured in the nursery. At 330 days, the number of leaves, leaf area (cm²), fresh and dry mass of roots and shoot (g/plant), root and shoot reserve content, and AMF colonization were evaluated. The AMF inoculation promoted an accelerated vegetative growth, resulting in greater height and diameter. The fungi also promoted greater absorption of most of the nutrients and increase in all other parameters evaluated. However, no effect was found on the reserve content of the rootstock. Roots were colonized with moderate presence of arbuscules and low presence of vesicles. AMF, regardless of species, influence the development and physiology of the citrange 'Fepagro C37 Reck' rootstock.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae medicinal plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((04) 2019) ◽  
pp. 588-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonivaldo Ruzzene Beltrame ◽  
Rayane Monique Sete da Cruz ◽  
Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço ◽  
Odair Alberton
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
The Mean

Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae are two families of plants grown as medicinal, aromatic, food and ornamental crops, and are of great commercial importance. The cultivation of these species depends on soil quality and availability of soil resources. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) usually penetrates plants through their roots, supplying plants with water and nutrients and receiving photosynthesis products in return. These types of symbiosis benefit the development and production of crops. To analyze the effects of AMF inoculation on the production of plants of these families, a meta - analysis was performed using 183 data of Lamiaceae plants and 68 data of Euphorbiaceae plants. Meta-analysis consists of compiling data from literature to obtain the response ratio, calculated by the mean of the experimental group divided by the mean of the control group. The response variables were shoot dry mass (SDM), total dry mass (TDM), plant height and accumulation of phosphorus in the plant shoot (P-shoot). Results showed an increased mean production of AMF-inoculated plants with a 96% and 97% increase of SDM in Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae, respectively. Increases of 91% in TDM and 248% in P accumulated in the plant shoot were observed for Lamiaceae; values that were higher than those of Euphorbiaceae at 110% and 675%, respectively. This meta-analysis confirmed the potential of AMF to increase biomass production and P accumulation in medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae families.

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