scholarly journals Effects of slow and fast pyrolysis biochar on N2O emissions and water availability of two soils with high water-filled pore space

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-474
Author(s):  
Eugene Balashov ◽  
Natalya Buchkina ◽  
Vladimir Šimanský ◽  
Ján Horák
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Clayey Loam ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Water Filled Pore Space ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract Biochars, depending on the types of feedstocks and technological conditions of pyrolysis, can vary significantly in their properties and, therefore, it is difficult to predict biochar-induced effects on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from various soils, their physical properties and water availability. The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify effects of slow pyrolysis biochar (BC) and fast pyrolysis biochar (PYRO) on physical and hydro-physical properties of sandy soil (Haplic Arenosol) and clayey loam soil (Gleyic Fluvisol), and (2) to assess corresponding N2O emissions from these two soils. The study included a 63-day long laboratory investigation. Two doses of BC or PYRO (15 t ha−1 and 30 t ha−1) were applied to the soils in combination or without nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3, 90 kg N ha−1). The obtained results have shown a significant decrease in the bulk density of sandy soil after it was amended with either rate of BC or PYRO. Water retention capacity of the soils in all the treatments with BC or PYRO increased considerably although no changes was found in the soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) which was higher than 60%. BC was increasing N2O emission rates from the sandy soil treated with N fertilizer, and reducing N2O emission rates from the clayey loam soil treated with N fertilizer. PYRO was more efficient and was reducing N2O emissions from both fertilized soils, but for the sandy soil the reduction was statistically significant only at higher dose (30 t ha−1) of the biochar.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian inokulan Burkholderia cenocepacia dan bahan organik terhadap sifat fisik tanah berpasir Effect of the inoculation of Burkholderia cenocepacia and organic materials on physical properties of a sandy soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laksmita Prima SANTI ◽  
. SUDARSONO ◽  
Didiek Hadjar GOENADI ◽  
Kukuh MURTILAKSONO ◽  
Dwi Andreas SANTOSA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Sand Fraction

AbstractSoil aggregation is a dynamic and very important factor for the development of agricultural soil functions. Unstable soil aggregation in a sandy soil type is a limiting factor for plant growth. The aim of this study was to investigate theinfluence of a exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium and organic material on some physical properties of a sandy soil. A highly potential bacterium for exopolysaccharides production, i.e Burkholderia cenocepacia, was isolated froma sandy soil located at Kotawaringin Barat, Central Kalimantan. The isolated bacterium is capable on improving aggregate’s stability of a soil with about 60% sand fraction [medium sand fraction (MSF)]. Interaction between available water and electric conductivity with aggregate stability index has significant correlation in medium sand fraction inoculated by 109 CFU of B. cenocepacia suspension, i.e. r = 0.806* and r=0.966**, respectively. Organic materials and its combination with the addition of 108 CFU B. cenocepacia suspension treatments could increase the aggregate stability index but have no effects on bulk density and total pore space values in an artificial condition of medium sand fraction. AbstrakAgregasi tanah bersifat dinamis dan merupakan faktor penting untuk pengembangan fungsi tanah pertanian. Ketidakstabilan agregat tanah pada jenis tanah berpasir merupakan faktor pembatas untuk pertumbuhan tanaman.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh eksopolisakarida bakteri dan bahan organik terhadap beberapa sifat fisik bahan tanah berpasir. Satu bakteri potensial penghasil eksopolisakarida yaitu Burkholderia cenocepacia telah berhasil diisolasi dari bahan tanah berpasir asal Kotawaringin Barat, Kalimantan Tengah. Bakteri ini dapat meningkatkan kemantapan agregat bahan tanah dengan kandungan fraksi pasir sekitar 60% [fraksi pasir sedang (FPS)]. Hubungan antara air tersedia dan konduktivitas elektrik terhadap indeks kemantapan agregat sangat nyata pada bahan tanah FPS yang diinokulasi dengan 109 CFU suspensi B. cenocepacia masing-masing r = 0,806* dan = 0,966**. Perlakuan bahan organik dan kombinasinya dengan penambahan 109CFU suspensi B. cenocepacia dapat meningkatkan indeks kemantapan agregat tetapi tidak mempengaruhi nilai kerapatan lindak dan total ruang pori di dalam fraksi pasir sedang.

scholarly journals Source and Processing Affects Chemical and Physical Properties of Coir Dust

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 656e-656
Author(s):  
Sreenivas Konduru ◽  
Michael R. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Screen Size ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Water Filled Pore Space ◽  
Coir Dust ◽  
Water Holding

Chemical properties of unprocessed coconut husks varied significantly between 11 sources tested. The pH was significantly different between sources and ranged from 5.9 to 6.9. The electrical conductivities were significantly different between sources and ranged from 1.2 to 2.8 mS·cm–1. The levels of Na, K, P, and Cl were significantly different between sources and ranged from 23 to 88, 126 to 236, 8 to 33, and 304 to 704 ppm, respectively. The B, Cu, Fe, Ni, S, Zn, Mn, and Mo levels were all significantly different between sources and ranged from nondetectable levels to 12.7 ppm. The NH4-N, NO3-N, Ca, and Mg levels were not significantly different between sources and ranged from 0.2 to 1.8, 0.2 to 0.9, 2.9 to 7.3, and nondetectable to 4.6 ppm, respectively. Coir dust produced by screening of waste grade coir through 13-, 6-, or 3-mm screens had significantly different bulk densities, air-filled pore space, water filled pore space and water-holding capacities compared to nonscreened waste grade coir. However, total pore space and total solids were not significantly affected by screening. Screen size did not significantly affect physical properties. Compression pressures used for formation of coir dust blocks significantly affected physical properties. Additionally, coir dust age significantly affected chemical properties.

scholarly journals Variability of Soil Physical Properties in a Clay-Loam Soil and Its Implication on Soil Management Practices

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel I. Haruna ◽  
Nsalambi V. Nkongolo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Semivariogram Analysis ◽  
Loam Soil

We assessed the spatial variability of soil physical properties in a clay-loam soil cropped to corn and soybean. The study was conducted at Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri. Soil samples were taken at four depths: 0–10 cm, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm and were oven dried at 105°C for 72 hours. Bulk density (BDY), volumetric (VWC) and gravimetric (GWC) water contents, volumetric air content (VAC), total pore space (TPS), air-filled (AFPS) and water-filled (WFPS) pore space, the relative gas diffusion coefficient (DIFF), and the pore tortuosity factor (TORT) were calculated. Results showed that, in comparison to depth 1, means for AFPS, Diff, TPS, and VAC decreased in Depth 2. Opposingly, BDY, Tort, VWC, and WFPS increased in depth 2. Semivariogram analysis showed that GWC, VWC, BDY, and TPS in depth 2 fitted to an exponential variogram model. The range of spatial variability (A0) for BDY, TPS, VAC, WFPS, AFPS, DIFF, and TORT was the same (25.77 m) in depths 1 and 4, suggesting that these soil properties can be sampled together at the same distance. The analysis also showed the presence of a strong (≤25%) to weak (>75%) spatial dependence for soil physical properties.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian inokulan Burkholderia cenocepacia dan bahan organik terhadap sifat fisik tanah berpasir Effect of the inoculation of Burkholderia cenocepacia and organic materials on physical properties of a sandy soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laksmita Prima SANTI ◽  
. SUDARSONO ◽  
Didiek Hadjar GOENADI ◽  
Kukuh MURTILAKSONO ◽  
Dwi Andreas SANTOSA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Sand Fraction

AbstractSoil aggregation is a dynamic and very important factor for the development of agricultural soil functions. Unstable soil aggregation in a sandy soil type is a limiting factor for plant growth. The aim of this study was to investigate theinfluence of a exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium and organic material on some physical properties of a sandy soil. A highly potential bacterium for exopolysaccharides production, i.e Burkholderia cenocepacia, was isolated froma sandy soil located at Kotawaringin Barat, Central Kalimantan. The isolated bacterium is capable on improving aggregate’s stability of a soil with about 60% sand fraction [medium sand fraction (MSF)]. Interaction between available water and electric conductivity with aggregate stability index has significant correlation in medium sand fraction inoculated by 109 CFU of B. cenocepacia suspension, i.e. r = 0.806* and r=0.966**, respectively. Organic materials and its combination with the addition of 108 CFU B. cenocepacia suspension treatments could increase the aggregate stability index but have no effects on bulk density and total pore space values in an artificial condition of medium sand fraction. AbstrakAgregasi tanah bersifat dinamis dan merupakan faktor penting untuk pengembangan fungsi tanah pertanian. Ketidakstabilan agregat tanah pada jenis tanah berpasir merupakan faktor pembatas untuk pertumbuhan tanaman.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh eksopolisakarida bakteri dan bahan organik terhadap beberapa sifat fisik bahan tanah berpasir. Satu bakteri potensial penghasil eksopolisakarida yaitu Burkholderia cenocepacia telah berhasil diisolasi dari bahan tanah berpasir asal Kotawaringin Barat, Kalimantan Tengah. Bakteri ini dapat meningkatkan kemantapan agregat bahan tanah dengan kandungan fraksi pasir sekitar 60% [fraksi pasir sedang (FPS)]. Hubungan antara air tersedia dan konduktivitas elektrik terhadap indeks kemantapan agregat sangat nyata pada bahan tanah FPS yang diinokulasi dengan 109 CFU suspensi B. cenocepacia masing-masing r = 0,806* dan = 0,966**. Perlakuan bahan organik dan kombinasinya dengan penambahan 109CFU suspensi B. cenocepacia dapat meningkatkan indeks kemantapan agregat tetapi tidak mempengaruhi nilai kerapatan lindak dan total ruang pori di dalam fraksi pasir sedang.

INFLUENCE OF UNCONVENTIONAL FERTILIZERS ON MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SODDY-PODZOLY SANDY SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Leonova ◽  
◽  
T.A. Spasskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
Loam Soil

The change in the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil when using coffee waste and sewage sludge as a fertilizer for oats in comparison with traditional fertilizers is considered. During the study, it was determined that the predominant groups were bacteria and actinomycetes. Bacilli and fungi are few in number. The introduction of sewage sludge and coffee waste into the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil at a dose of 10 t / ha increases the activity of the microflora of the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, which increases the effective and potential fertility.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Microbial Formation of Nitrate-Nitrogen in Soil and Their Effects on Fertilizer Nitrogen Use Efficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Olness ◽  
Dian Lopez ◽  
David Archer ◽  
Jason Cordes ◽  
Colin Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Mineralization of soil organic matter is governed by predictable factors with nitrate-N as the end product. Crop production interrupts the natural balance, accelerates mineralization of N, and elevates levels of nitrate-N in soil. Six factors determine nitrate-N levels in soils: soil clay content, bulk density, organic matter content, pH, temperature, and rainfall. Maximal rates of N mineralization require an optimal level of air-filled pore space. Optimal air-filled pore space depends on soil clay content, soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, and rainfall. Pore space is partitioned into water- and air-filled space. A maximal rate of nitrate formation occurs at a pH of 6.7 and rather modest mineralization rates occur at pH 5.0 and 8.0. Predictions of the soil nitrate-N concentrations with a relative precision of 1 to 4 μg N g–1of soil were obtained with a computerized N fertilizer decision aid. Grain yields obtained using the N fertilizer decision aid were not measurably different from those using adjacent farmer practices, but N fertilizer use was reduced by >10%. Predicting mineralization in this manner allows optimal N applications to be determined for site-specific soil and weather conditions.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KESUBURAN TANAH DI DUSUN KEKAWII III DESA RANDOTONDA KECAMATAN ENDE KABUPATEN ENDE

AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastianus Kuswara ◽  
Charly Mutiara
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Soil Clay

Evaluation soil fertility in dusun kekawii III randotonda Village, Ende District, Ende Regency. This study aims to determine the physical properties of the soil and the level of suitability of the land in Kekawii III hamlet, Randotonda village, Ende District, Ende Regency. Research is exploratory research, by evaluating physical properties, the evaluation results are described and compared with the standard physical properties of existing soil. The results of the study show that the soil properties in Kekawii III Hamlet are the soil texture of the sandy soil, clay. In structures, the types that exist are rounded lumps, lumpy angles, granular structures. On the color of the land dominated by Dark brown, Very dark gray, Very dark grayish brown. The consistency of land, it can be seen that these lands have a consistency that is sticky, plastic, loose, soft. The pH of the soil ranges from 4.2-6.4 and the slope ranges from 5% - 12%

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