scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian inokulan Burkholderia cenocepacia dan bahan organik terhadap sifat fisik tanah berpasir Effect of the inoculation of Burkholderia cenocepacia and organic materials on physical properties of a sandy soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laksmita Prima SANTI ◽  
. SUDARSONO ◽  
Didiek Hadjar GOENADI ◽  
Kukuh MURTILAKSONO ◽  
Dwi Andreas SANTOSA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Sand Fraction

AbstractSoil aggregation is a dynamic and very important factor for the development of agricultural soil functions. Unstable soil aggregation in a sandy soil type is a limiting factor for plant growth. The aim of this study was to investigate theinfluence of a exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium and organic material on some physical properties of a sandy soil. A highly potential bacterium for exopolysaccharides production, i.e Burkholderia cenocepacia, was isolated froma sandy soil located at Kotawaringin Barat, Central Kalimantan. The isolated bacterium is capable on improving aggregate’s stability of a soil with about 60% sand fraction [medium sand fraction (MSF)]. Interaction between available water and electric conductivity with aggregate stability index has significant correlation in medium sand fraction inoculated by 109 CFU of B. cenocepacia suspension, i.e. r = 0.806* and r=0.966**, respectively. Organic materials and its combination with the addition of 108 CFU B. cenocepacia suspension treatments could increase the aggregate stability index but have no effects on bulk density and total pore space values in an artificial condition of medium sand fraction. AbstrakAgregasi tanah bersifat dinamis dan merupakan faktor penting untuk pengembangan fungsi tanah pertanian. Ketidakstabilan agregat tanah pada jenis tanah berpasir merupakan faktor pembatas untuk pertumbuhan tanaman.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh eksopolisakarida bakteri dan bahan organik terhadap beberapa sifat fisik bahan tanah berpasir. Satu bakteri potensial penghasil eksopolisakarida yaitu Burkholderia cenocepacia telah berhasil diisolasi dari bahan tanah berpasir asal Kotawaringin Barat, Kalimantan Tengah. Bakteri ini dapat meningkatkan kemantapan agregat bahan tanah dengan kandungan fraksi pasir sekitar 60% [fraksi pasir sedang (FPS)]. Hubungan antara air tersedia dan konduktivitas elektrik terhadap indeks kemantapan agregat sangat nyata pada bahan tanah FPS yang diinokulasi dengan 109 CFU suspensi B. cenocepacia masing-masing r = 0,806* dan = 0,966**. Perlakuan bahan organik dan kombinasinya dengan penambahan 109CFU suspensi B. cenocepacia dapat meningkatkan indeks kemantapan agregat tetapi tidak mempengaruhi nilai kerapatan lindak dan total ruang pori di dalam fraksi pasir sedang.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian inokulan Burkholderia cenocepacia dan bahan organik terhadap sifat fisik tanah berpasir Effect of the inoculation of Burkholderia cenocepacia and organic materials on physical properties of a sandy soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laksmita Prima SANTI ◽  
. SUDARSONO ◽  
Didiek Hadjar GOENADI ◽  
Kukuh MURTILAKSONO ◽  
Dwi Andreas SANTOSA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Sand Fraction

AbstractSoil aggregation is a dynamic and very important factor for the development of agricultural soil functions. Unstable soil aggregation in a sandy soil type is a limiting factor for plant growth. The aim of this study was to investigate theinfluence of a exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium and organic material on some physical properties of a sandy soil. A highly potential bacterium for exopolysaccharides production, i.e Burkholderia cenocepacia, was isolated froma sandy soil located at Kotawaringin Barat, Central Kalimantan. The isolated bacterium is capable on improving aggregate’s stability of a soil with about 60% sand fraction [medium sand fraction (MSF)]. Interaction between available water and electric conductivity with aggregate stability index has significant correlation in medium sand fraction inoculated by 109 CFU of B. cenocepacia suspension, i.e. r = 0.806* and r=0.966**, respectively. Organic materials and its combination with the addition of 108 CFU B. cenocepacia suspension treatments could increase the aggregate stability index but have no effects on bulk density and total pore space values in an artificial condition of medium sand fraction. AbstrakAgregasi tanah bersifat dinamis dan merupakan faktor penting untuk pengembangan fungsi tanah pertanian. Ketidakstabilan agregat tanah pada jenis tanah berpasir merupakan faktor pembatas untuk pertumbuhan tanaman.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh eksopolisakarida bakteri dan bahan organik terhadap beberapa sifat fisik bahan tanah berpasir. Satu bakteri potensial penghasil eksopolisakarida yaitu Burkholderia cenocepacia telah berhasil diisolasi dari bahan tanah berpasir asal Kotawaringin Barat, Kalimantan Tengah. Bakteri ini dapat meningkatkan kemantapan agregat bahan tanah dengan kandungan fraksi pasir sekitar 60% [fraksi pasir sedang (FPS)]. Hubungan antara air tersedia dan konduktivitas elektrik terhadap indeks kemantapan agregat sangat nyata pada bahan tanah FPS yang diinokulasi dengan 109 CFU suspensi B. cenocepacia masing-masing r = 0,806* dan = 0,966**. Perlakuan bahan organik dan kombinasinya dengan penambahan 109CFU suspensi B. cenocepacia dapat meningkatkan indeks kemantapan agregat tetapi tidak mempengaruhi nilai kerapatan lindak dan total ruang pori di dalam fraksi pasir sedang.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Slope and Organic Materials on Changes of Land Physical Properties and Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Erita . ◽  
Sandri Sastrawan ◽  
Salmandi Futra ◽  
Hairunnas .
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Soil Slope ◽  
Soil Physics

The movement of water and organic material in the hill slope area influenced by the difference of soil slope and it play an important role to contribute the spatial differences of soil properties. Therefore, this study aims to examine changes in parameters of soil physical properties on various slopes due to the provision of types of organic matter (manure, coffee skins and Gliricidia leaves). This study also analys the influence of slope soil to the Napier grass production (Pennisetum purpureum). The study was obtained in the hilly areas of Paya Tumpi Village by using a split plot organic design. In deep analysis of change in parameters on the slope of the type of organic material on soil physics will be performed. The results showed that organic various types of slope and administration of various types of organic materials significantly affected the physical properties of the soil, namely permeability, porosity, aggregate stability index, fast drainage pore, slow drainage pore, available water pore, growth and yield of Napier grass. Gliricidia leaves compost is the best for growing Napier grass.

scholarly journals Effects of slow and fast pyrolysis biochar on N2O emissions and water availability of two soils with high water-filled pore space

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-474
Author(s):  
Eugene Balashov ◽  
Natalya Buchkina ◽  
Vladimir Šimanský ◽  
Ján Horák
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Clayey Loam ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Water Filled Pore Space ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract Biochars, depending on the types of feedstocks and technological conditions of pyrolysis, can vary significantly in their properties and, therefore, it is difficult to predict biochar-induced effects on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from various soils, their physical properties and water availability. The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify effects of slow pyrolysis biochar (BC) and fast pyrolysis biochar (PYRO) on physical and hydro-physical properties of sandy soil (Haplic Arenosol) and clayey loam soil (Gleyic Fluvisol), and (2) to assess corresponding N2O emissions from these two soils. The study included a 63-day long laboratory investigation. Two doses of BC or PYRO (15 t ha−1 and 30 t ha−1) were applied to the soils in combination or without nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3, 90 kg N ha−1). The obtained results have shown a significant decrease in the bulk density of sandy soil after it was amended with either rate of BC or PYRO. Water retention capacity of the soils in all the treatments with BC or PYRO increased considerably although no changes was found in the soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) which was higher than 60%. BC was increasing N2O emission rates from the sandy soil treated with N fertilizer, and reducing N2O emission rates from the clayey loam soil treated with N fertilizer. PYRO was more efficient and was reducing N2O emissions from both fertilized soils, but for the sandy soil the reduction was statistically significant only at higher dose (30 t ha−1) of the biochar.

scholarly journals Improvement of Soil Physical Properties of Cambisol Using Soil Amendment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Darusman Darusman ◽  
Devianti Devianti ◽  
Edi Husen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Cow Manure

Managing dryland requires intergrated knowledges on soil, water and plants relationship in order to achieve maximum yield. Using local and unused resource is important not only in aspect of reducing pollution but low price and also affordable for farmers. Thus, using amendment from in situ resources is suggested by many experts. This amendment used is assumed it could contribute improvement physical properties of soil and result better yields. This study aimed to studi more deeply on how much of soil amendment might improve physical properties of Cambisol under dryland environment and furthermore find out the crop response to soil amendments. The research was conducted during July to Oct. 2016 at Gampong Paud, Muara Tiga District, Pidie District, Aceh Province  with the altitude ± 30 m asl and slope 0-3 %.  A Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with two factors replicated three times was used. First factor was soil amendment consisting of 4 levels ; no amendment (control), cow manure amount 10 ton ha -1, straw compost 10 ton ha-1, and  cow manure 10 ton ha -1 + compost 10 ton ha-1. The second factor was 5 varieties of peanut: Tuban, Hypoma 2, Bima, Kelinci and Gajah. The parameters observed were soil bulk density, permeability, total soil porosity, aggregate stability index, soil water holding capacity at water potential -3 and -15 bar.  Results of our studies showed soil amandement improves some soil physical properties, combination amendment with variety of peanuts resulted significant effects to soil physical properties, and combination treatments mostly influenced soil physical properties at soil depth of 0 -20 cm.  Addition of 10 tons ha -1 cow manure or 10 ton ha -1  straw compost  is enough to improve soil physical properties

scholarly journals Karakteristik Beberapa Sifat Fisika Tanah akibat Pemberian Pupuk Organik, Biochar, NPK dan Pola Tanam Jagung dan Kedelai

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Mukhsin Febi Mirza ◽  
Teti Arabia ◽  
Hairul Basri
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
S Factor

Abstrak.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik, biochar, NPK dan pola tanam jagung dan kedelai terhadap karakteristik fisika tanah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Agustus sampai Februari 2017 di kecamatan Muara Tiga kabupaten Pidie. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 5 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor yang diteliti adalah pembenah tanah (A) dan pola tanam (S). factor pertama pembenah tanah (A) terdiri dari NPK 400 kg ha-1, biochar 10 t ha-1, pupuk kandang 10 t ha-1, biochar 10 t ha-1+ NPK 400 kg ha-1, pupuk kandang 10 t ha-1+ NPK 400 kg ha-1, faktor kedua adalah pola tanam yaitu monokultur jagung, monokultur kedelai, tumpangsari jagung dan kedelai dengan demikian terdapat 15 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah porositas tanah, indeks stabilitas agregat, dan kadar air tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk organik, biochar, NPK dan pola tanam memberikan efek yang sama yaitu tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap porositas tanah, indeks stabilitas agregat dan kadar air tanah. Namun terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan pupuk organik, biochar, NPK dan pola tanam terhadap porositas tanah dan indeks stabilitas agregat.Some Characteristics Of the Physical Properties of tho Soil Due to the Granting of Organic Fertilizer, NPK Patterns of Biochar, Planting Corn And SoybeansAbstract. This research aims to know the influence of the giving of the organic fertilizer, NPK and patterns of biochar, planting corn and soybeans against the physical characteristics of the soil. This research was carried out in August until February 2017 in the subdistrict of Muara Tiga Pidie. The research of using Random Design Group (RAK) factorial pattern 5 x 3 with 3 replicates. Factors examined are (A) the land pembenah and the planting pattern (S). the first factor pembenah the soil (A) consists of 400 kg of NPK ha-1, biochar 10 t ha-1, manure 10 t ha-1, biochar 10 t ha-1 + NPK 400 kg ha-1, manure 10 t ha-1 + NPK 400 kg ha-1, the second factor is the pattern of planting corn monoculture, namely soy monoculture intercropping of corn and soybeans, thus there are 15 combination treatment with 3 replicates. The observed parameters are porosity, soil aggregate stability index, and moisture content of the soil. The results showed that the organic fertilizer, biochar, NPK and planting patterns give the same effect that is not the real effect against porosity soil aggregate stability index, and moisture content of the soil. However, there is an interaction between treatment of organic fertilizer, biochar, NPK and planting patterns against the porosity of soil aggregate stability and index.

Koroseal, a New Plastic. Some Properties and Uses

1935 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-654
Author(s):  
S. L. Brous ◽  
W. L. Semon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
Independent Source ◽  
Historical Treatise ◽  
The Many ◽  
Marked Resistance ◽  
Modern Industry

Abstract Rubber has found its widest use in industry because its properties can be altered and improved by compounding and cure to give strong, flexible, resilient products which are resistant to abrasion, impervious to fluids, electrically insulating, and relatively inert chemically. For such other desirable characteristics as resistance to oils and solvents, and freedom from attack by air, sunlight, and oxidizing materials, skillful compounding has brought marked improvements, but even better properties are needed to meet the demands of modern industry. The search for synthetic rubbers has been stimulated not merely by the desire for an economically independent source of supply, but also with the hope that there might be obtained materials having properties superior to the natural product. Whitby and Katz (4) have published a comprehensive historical treatise dealing with the development of numerous synthetic rubbers which have appeared in the last few years. It has been believed that linear polymers obtained from dienes hold most promise for the preparation of rubber-like materials. Carothers (1) has studied the relation between the structure of dienes and the types of polymerization products which may be obtained therefrom. On the basis of these data he inferred that, from the standpoint of their polymerization products, the best dienes will be of the type CH2:CXCH:CH2, in which X is an activating group other than alkyl or aryl. In general it has been found that there may be obtained polymerization products with physical properties equal to, or often superior to those of natural rubber, and with marked resistance to the action of solvents and chemicals. Among the many types of organic materials which will polymerize, the vinyl compounds only recently have been modified suitably to yield commercial rubber-like materials.

Recent Progress of Open-shell Organic Magnetic Materials and Their Aggregated States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoqiang Dong ◽  
Zhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Open Shell ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
Organic Magnetic Materials ◽  
New Generation

In last decades, open-shell organic materials have attracted scientists’ great attention for their new chemical and physical properties, as well as their possible applications in new generation of organic light-emitting...

Fertility, carbon stock and aggregate stability of an Alfisol under integrated farming systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Luan Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Flávio Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Adriana Ferreira Martins ◽  
Danillo Dutra Tavares ◽  
André Julio do Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Integrated Farming Systems

ABSTRACT Integrated farming systems are promising strategies for the recovery of pastures and degraded soils. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of integrated farming systems arrangements, after four years of implementation, on the fertility, carbon stock and aggregate stability of an Alfisol, in the semiarid region of the Paraíba state, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used, with 5 treatments and 4 replications: Brachiaria decumbens; B. decumbens + Tabebuia impetiginous; B. decumbens + Gliricidia sepium; B. decumbens + Mimosa caesalpiniifolia; and B. decumbens + maize. The soil chemical attributes, fertility, carbon stock and structural and aggregate stability were evaluated in the 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m layers. The B. decumbens + maize system presented an organic matter content 11.93 % higher than B. decumbens, and was higher than the other systems evaluated. Concerning the carbon stock in the 0.00-0.10 m layer, in B. decumbens the uptake was 2.66 Mg ha-1 higher than that of the B. decumbens + maize system and, on average, 4.69 Mg ha-1 higher than for the systems with the arboreal component. In the medium-term, B. decumbens is more efficient in adding carbon to the soil. The soil structural stability, aggregate stability index and fertility were not affected by the different arrangements after four years of implementation.

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