scholarly journals The Biology And Ecology Of Brachycaudus Divaricatae Shaposhnikov (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) On Prunus Cerasifera Ehrhart In Western Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Barbara Wilkaniec ◽  
Agnieszka Wilkaniec
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Development Length ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Melandrium Album

Abstract Brachycaudus divaricatae - was described by Shaposhnikov in the Middle East as a heteroecious aphid species migrating between Prunus divaricata and Melandrium album. The research conducted in Poland proved that this species can be described as holocyclic and monoecious. A significantly shortened development cycle with a summer-winter diapause characterizes this species in Poland. The aim of our studies was a detailed research of the species biology conducted to explain this phenomenon. Elements of the biology and ecology of the new fauna species Brachycaudus divaricatae Shap., were studied in Poland during the 2008-2010 time period. The term of spring hatching, number of generations per season, development length of particular generations, lifespan of specimen, and fecundity of particular generations were all defined. The three-year study proved that 6 to 8 aphid generations can develop on P. cerasifera in Poland. The emergence of sexuales (amphigonic females and males) of B. divaricatae occurred very early in the season: in mid-May, and the first eggs were laid in June.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Tsolin Nalbantian
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Armenian Genocide ◽  
Diaspora Studies ◽  
Mandatory Rule ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Armenian Population

The Introduction contextualizes the Armenian population in Lebanon. It distinguishes between Armenians who lived in Lebanon prior to the division of the Ottoman Empire, in the wake of the Armenian Genocide, and after the establishment of French and British mandatory rule in the Levant. In addition, it outlines the ecclesiastic, class, linguistic, and political gamut of the Armenian population in Lebanon. It analyzes how Armenians organized themselves according to the villages and centers in the Ottoman Empire that they hailed from and reformed their political ideologies, affiliations, and ecclesiastic connections resulting in the establishment of mini-enclaves within Armenian-populated neighborhoods in Lebanon. The introduction also positions the book within four fields: histories of Armenians, Lebanon, the Cold War in the Middle East, and the Diaspora Studies. The innovation of linking these fields together through the themes of identification, belonging, and articulating citizenship produces fresh readings of the time period. This intervention draws attention to experiences that established scholarship does not adequately tackle, increasing the possible ways and methods to study and approach the region, its inhabitants, and historical time frame.

Seismic triggering of atmospheric variables prior to the major earthquakes in the Middle East within a 12-year time-period of 2002–2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1539-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Mansouri Daneshvar ◽  
Mahmood Khosravi ◽  
Taghi Tavousi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Seismic Triggering ◽  
Atmospheric Variables

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Clustering of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Incidence in Saudi Arabia, 2012–2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Al-Ahmadi ◽  
Sabah Alahmadi ◽  
Ali Al-Zahrani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Temporal Cluster ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Spatiotemporal Clustering

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a great public health concern globally. Although 83% of the globally confirmed cases have emerged in Saudi Arabia, the spatiotemporal clustering of MERS-CoV incidence has not been investigated. This study analysed the spatiotemporal patterns and clusters of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases reported in Saudi Arabia between June 2012 and March 2019. Temporal, seasonal, spatial and spatiotemporal cluster analyses were performed using Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistics to determine the time period and geographical areas with the highest MERS-CoV infection risk. A strongly significant temporal cluster for MERS-CoV infection risk was identified between April 5 and May 24, 2014. Most MERS-CoV infections occurred during the spring season (41.88%), with April and May showing significant seasonal clusters. Wadi Addawasir showed a high-risk spatial cluster for MERS-CoV infection. The most likely high-risk MERS-CoV annual spatiotemporal clusters were identified for a group of cities (n = 10) in Riyadh province between 2014 and 2016. A monthly spatiotemporal cluster included Jeddah, Makkah and Taif cities, with the most likely high-risk MERS-CoV infection cluster occurring between April and May 2014. Significant spatiotemporal clusters of MERS-CoV incidence were identified in Saudi Arabia. The findings are relevant to control the spread of the disease. This study provides preliminary risk assessments for the further investigation of the environmental risk factors associated with MERS-CoV clusters.

scholarly journals Review of Aphidiinae parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of the Middle East and North Africa: key to species and host associations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Rakhshani ◽  
Hossein Barahoei ◽  
Zubair Ahmad ◽  
Petr Starý ◽  
Mostafa Ghafouri-Moghaddam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Host Aphid ◽  
New Material ◽  
Host Associations

In this study, a total of 108 Aphidiinae species, belonging to 18 genera, associated with 240 aphid species in 16 countries of the Middle East and North Africa are reviewed. 743 host aphid-parasitoid associations are listed. New material was collected from various regions of Saudi Arabia during 2011–2013. Three species including Aphidius avenae Haliday, 1834, Aphidius platensis Brèthes, 1913 and Praon barbatum Mackauer, 1967 are first recorded for the fauna of this country. Lysiphlebus marismortui Mescheloff & Rosen, 1990 syn. nov. is classified as the junior synonym of Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady, 1978. An illustrated up-to-date key to all known species of Aphidiinae that occur in the Middle East and North Africa is provided. The findings are discussed in relation to the overall parasitoid-aphid associations in the target investigated region.

History of the Modern Middle East

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
James Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of

The syllabi on modern Middle Eastern history courses submitted by members of MESA were, not unnaturally, varied in general approach, in time span and in area covered. There were certain common elements, however, within the framework of which this syllabus has largely remained. Four such congruences were most important: 1) the use of a chronological rather than a topical or problems approach in teaching the history of the modern Middle East (while particular topics or problems were often isolated within a particular time period, all of the syllabi submitted used a chronological framework);2)a general tendency to begin with a brief survey of the medieval history of the Middle East before beginning intensive treatment at the beginning of the nineteenth century;3)an emphasis on internal development and modernization rather than on political-diplomatic history;4)the frequent use of reading assignments (a chapter from one work, a number of pages from another) from a variety of semi-specialized or monographic works rather than reliance on one or more texts or readers.

The Evolutionary Feature of Turkey’s Soft Power in the Middle East, 2011-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Fall 2021) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Ali Omidi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Turkish Lira

Today, soft power plays an important role in advancing states’ foreign policy goals. As one of the world’s emerging economic powers, Turkey pays special attention to the development and maintenance of its soft power. This commentary uses a descriptive-analysis approach to address the components of Turkey’s soft power in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region in the years 2011-2020, the second decade of AK Party governance. Turkey’s soft power during this time period has mainly targeted and become influential in the Muslim-majority countries of the Middle East and Asia. Although certain events, such as the 2016 failed coup, the Gezi Park protests, the Syrian crisis, restrictions on freedom of expression, fluctuations in the value of the Turkish lira, etc., have somewhat tarnished the country’s image, various indicators of Turkey’s soft power demonstrate that it has remained strong in the MENA region during the time span of the present research. Keywords: Turkey, Soft Power, MENA, AK Party

scholarly journals Exporting the European Order Beyond the Border

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-90
Author(s):  
Raffaella A. Del Sarto
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
European Policies ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Border Controls

The chapter focuses on the specific modus operandi of European policies towards the states of the Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa in the time period under consideration (1995 to 2015). It highlights the modalities of Europe’s attempt to export large parts of the European order beyond its borders. These have entailed the co-optation of political and economic elites in the MENA states, in addition to the selective ‘outsourcing’ of EU border controls to its southern periphery. Focusing primarily on trade policy and migration, security, and border control cooperation, the chapter shows that the interests and rationale of European policies towards its southern periphery remained largely unchanged during these two decades, both before and after the Arab uprisings.

scholarly journals Beyond the Khyber Pass

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
Omar Khalidi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Foreign Service ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Great Game

John Waller, an American foreign service officer and retired inspectorgeneral of the CIA, is now an independent writer based in McLean,Virginia. He is also the author of Gordon of Khartoum and has travelledextensively in the Middle East and Asia. The book is beautifully illustratedwith photographs of men, women, and events of the time, whichsucceed in invoking visually the time period with which he is dealing: theFirst Afghan-British War.This thirty-chapter book is the story of the British failure inAfghanistan in the 1840s, as Britain competed with Czarist Russia forstrategic advantage in Central Asia. Beyond the Khyber Pass is a sweepingsaga, chronicling the brutal wars and international intrigues of thenineteenth century in India, Afghanistan, Central Asia, and Russia-the"Great Game" that culminated in the siege of Kabul and the massacre ofsixteen thousand British soldiers, their families, and camp followers in1842, the year of the First Afghan-British War. Waller tells the tale ofintrigue, treachery, and wild adventure with relish evident in the juicyanecdotes and asides ...

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