scholarly journals Gamma irradiation used on adult Tetranychus urticae Koch as a quarantine treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Osouli ◽  
Karim Haddad Irani Nejad ◽  
Farhoud Ziaie ◽  
Mohammad Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Old Females

Abstract The effect of gamma radiation with 0, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, and 450 Gy intensities on the longevity, total number of eggs, and the percent of hatched eggs laid by irradiated females of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae) was evaluated. Two different groups (0–24 h old and 48–72 h old) of adult females were irradiated. The results showed that 350 and 300 Gy doses significantly reduced the longevity of the 0–24 h old females and the 48–72 h old females. The younger females were more tolerant at lower dose rates than the older females. There was a quadratic relationship between dose rates and young females, while it was linear in older females. The total number of eggs laid by females of both ages was significantly reduced with a linear trend by 250 Gy irradiation. The eggs laid by females of both the 0–24 h olds and the 48–72 h olds lost their hatchability when the dose rate was 350 Gy. It was concluded, that applying a dose rate of 320 Gy on one of the mates (male or female) before mating, or a 300 Gy on both of them, would be sufficient to cause sterility in adult mites.

Comparisons of Cobalt-60 Gamma Irradiation Dose Rates on Grapefruit Flavedo Tissue and on Mexican Fruit Fly Mortality

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
GENE E. LESTER ◽  
DAN A. WOLFENBARGER
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Mexican Fruit Fly ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Grapefruit Peel

Percent electrolyte leakage, a measure of membrane integrity, proved to be a good predictor (R2 = 0.99) of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation dose injury on mid-season ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruit Citrus paradisi (Macf.) flavedo tissue (peel). Percent electrolyte leakage on grapefruit peel following a dose-rate of 250 grays/1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 25.0 min decreased as grays/min (dose-rate) decreased. Total phenols, a biochemical response to irradiation following 250 grays/1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 25.0 min also decreased as dose-rate decreased, demonstrating that injury to grapefruit peel diminished as 250 grays of gamma irradiation/rate declined. Comparisons of 10 and 20 grays of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation showed that a dose-rate of 10 grays/0.25 min to naked 8-d old Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Loew) larvae caused a 90% reduction of adult emergence. Whereas, at 20 grays the reduction was greater than 99% with dose-rates of 20 grays/0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 100 min. These data show that a gamma irradiation dose capable of reducing fly emergence by >99% will maintain an inhibitory effect even at relatively lower dose-rates. Therefore, once a quarantine security treatment for Mexican fruit fly is established, a lower dose-rate will reduce adult emergence and should impart little damage to grapefruit peel tissue.

scholarly journals Real-Time Environmental Gamma Radiation Dose Rate Measurement around Major Nuclear and Radiological Facilities in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidratul Moontaha ◽  
Dr. Mohammad Sohelur Rahman ◽  
Dr. Md. Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Selina Yeasmin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Gamma Radiation Dose

Background: In this study, outdoor environmental gamma radiation dose rates were measured at area of Shahbag Thana under Dhaka city and Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) Campus at Savar. Aim of the study: This kind of study is required to detect the presence of natural and artificial radionuclides (if any) releasing from nuclear and radiological facilities in the country or from neighbouring countries. Materials and Methods: The measurement was performed using a real-time portable radiation monitoring device from August-November 2017. The real-time portable radiation monitoring device was placed on tripod at 1 meter above the ground and data acquisition time for each monitoring point (MP) was 1 hour. Total 34 MP were selected around major nuclear and radiological facilities in Bangladesh for collection of dose rate due to gamma-ray. The MPs were marked-out using Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation. The GPS reading of the sampling locations were varied from E90º23'40.08" to E90º24'32.82" and from N23º44'58.62" to N23º43'26.58" for Shahbag Thana and from E90º16'26.58" to E90º16'50.52" and from N23º57'12.96" to N23º57'6.12" for AERE Campus, Savar. Results: The measured dose rates due to natural radionuclides were ranged from 0.105 ± 0.036056 μSv.h-1 to 0.208065 ± 0.106377μSv.h-1 with an average of 0.141568 ± 0.046995 μSv.h-1. The annual effective dose to the population from outdoor environmental gamma radiation was varied from 0.128772 ± 0.044218 mSv to 0.25517 ± 0.130461 mSv and the mean was found to be 0.17362± 0.057635 mSv. This value is lower than some countries like India, China, Sweden, Italy and Czech Republic; and higher than Canada, Mexico, Indonesia, Korea, Turkey, Finland, Spain and some other countries. Conclusion: From this study, it was observed that there is no burden of population exposure due to man-made sources. Therefore, it can be concluded that adequate safety and radiation protection of nuclear & radiological facilities had been ensured which is required for minimizing of unnecessary exposure to populations from man-made sources. The estimated mean annual effective dose found in this study is not expected to contribute significant additional hazard from the radiological health point of view.

Natural gamma radiation in La Palma Island, Canary Islands, Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María López-Pérez ◽  
Pedro Ángel Salazar-Carballo ◽  
M. Candelaría Martín-Luis ◽  
José Miguel Lorenzo-Salazar ◽  
Xiomara Duarte-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Natural Gamma ◽  
Gamma Absorbed Dose ◽  
Cumbre Vieja

<p>The Canary Islands are an archipelago with an area of 7,447 km<sup>2</sup> comprising seven main islands and some islets, located about 90 km off the northwest coast of Africa. La Palma is the most active volcanic island of the Canarian archipelago in historical times (after XV Century), with an area of 706 km<sup>2</sup> and about 83,000 inhabitants. From the geochemical point of view, La Palma is characterized by alkaline rocks ranging from basanites and alkali picrites to phonolites. Despite the different geological units essentially overlap in their bulk chemical compositions, there are significant differences.</p><p>Measurements of natural gamma radiation were carried out in 71 sites randomly selected on a predefined 3x3 km sampling grid covering the whole island in 2013. Total outdoor gamma radiation levels were measured at 1 m above the ground. Air gamma radiation was measured by means of a MINI 6-80 (Mini-Instruments) monitor equipped with an energy-compensated Geiger-Müller MC-71 probe and FH 40 GL 10 (ThermoFischer Scientific) dosimeter equipped with a proportional-gas detector. The background radiation was calculated for each sampling site and subtracted for each dose measurement. Additionally, 25 soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-15 cm in uncultivated fields. Radiometric measurements for <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra and <sup>232</sup>Th radioisotopes were performed by low-level gamma spectrometry with coaxial-type germanium detectors (Canberra Industries Inc., USA).</p><p>The gamma absorbed dose rates showed a log-normal distribution, ranging from 37.2 up to 134.0 nGy·h<sup>-1</sup>, with a geometric mean of 64.5 nGy·h<sup>-1</sup>. The observed mean gamma absorbed dose rate in La Palma Island was higher than those measured in La Gomera Island (43.9 nGy·h<sup>-1</sup>), and lower than those measured in Tenerife (89.2 nGy·h<sup>-1</sup>) and El Hierro islands (93.3 nGy·h<sup>-1</sup>) (publication in preparation). The geometric means of <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra and <sup>232</sup>Th activity concentration were 216.1 Bq·Kg<sup>-1</sup>, 22.0 Bq·Kg<sup>-1</sup> and 23.6 Bq·Kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively.</p><p>Maps with the spatial distribution of the terrestrial natural gamma radiation and <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra and <sup>232</sup>Th radioisotopes were also prepared and compared with the geochemical composition of soils. Contour maps for the terrestrial radiation component of the absorbed dose rate and radioisotope distributions were obtained using ordinary Kriging interpolation. Lower absorbed dose rates (between 45 and 70 nGy h<sup>-1</sup>) were observed in the oldest northern part of the island, corresponding to the Taburiente and Garafía basaltic shields. Two anomalies were found with absorbed dose rate values between 80 and 110 nGy h<sup>-1</sup>. The first one is located at the Bejenado stratovolcano, extending north to the Caldera de Taburiente, and south to the Aridane Valley. The second anomaly was found in the southeastern part of the Cumbre Vieja ridge. This last volcanic edifice corresponds to the youngest part of the island, where several historical eruptions have occurred. These anomalies might be related to phonotrephritic and phonolitic rocks identified at the upper part of the Bejenado sequence and Cumbre Vieja edifice.</p><p> </p>

Acaricidal and sublethal effects of tobacco leaf and garlic bulb extract and soft soap on Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Akyazi ◽  
Mete Soysal ◽  
Yunus Emre Altunc ◽  
Allan Lisle ◽  
Errol Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Soft Soap ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Garlic Bulb ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

The ovicidal, adulticidal and fecundity effects of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaf extract, garlic (Allium sativum L.) bulb extract, soft soap and their binary mixtures were investigated against Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) eggs and adult females under controlled conditions [25°C±1, 65±5% R.H. (mean±SD) and a photoperiod of 16L: 8D (Light: Dark)]. The concentrations used for the ovicidal and adulticidal effect were chosen after preliminary bioassays to obtained mortality rates equally distributed between 0%–100%. However, one concentration giving around 50 % percent adult mortality of each compound was tested for fecundity effect. Each stock solution was diluted separately with distilled water to give the desired different concentrations of each extract. The results showed that the tobacco leaf extract, the soft soap and the garlic extract+soap mixture were the most toxic against adult females. Although the garlic bulb extract had the lowest toxic effect, its mixtures with the soft soap and tobacco extract showed higher toxicity against the adults. Moreover, the tobacco application at the tested dose significantly reduced the T. urticae fecundity. It is also determined that the tobacco leaf and garlic bulb extracts have potential to be used in the control of T. urticae eggs. On the other hand, the ovicidal activity of soft soap can be increased by addition of the garlic extract.  However, further investigation is needed to assess their phytotoxicity under greenhouse and field conditions. The efficacy of these compounds to natural enemies should also be measured. 

Leaf development and morphology in ash: influence of gamma radiation

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1458-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet R. Dugle ◽  
Janice L. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Black Ash

Under the stress of long-term exposure to gamma radiation at dose rates ranging from 1.83 to 62.48 mGy/h, planted saplings of black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marsh.) responded in a variety of ways. These were compared with naturally growing black ash trees and saplings and with green ash (F. pennsylvanica Marsh.). With increasing dose, development time shortened, the number of leaflets decreased, and phyllotaxy changed from opposite to helical. The LD50 (lethal dose to 50% of exposed plants) (acute, seed germination) was 98 for F. nigra and 174 Gy for F. pennsylvanica. In black ash, the long-term LR50 (lethal dose rate to 50% of exposed plants, in milligrays per hour) has leveled off at approximately 14 mGy/h, while the accumulative LD50 (total accumulated lethal dose to 50% of exposed plants, in grays) continued to increase with additional irradiation, and after 11 years of irradiation was over 900 Gy. Plantation black ash is surviving, and even thriving, at a dose rate of 15.6 mGy/h, which may be a stable survival dose rate. Leaves in the two species are similar, with more leaflets per leaf on later developed nodes. Leaf size increased with total accumulated dose. Green ash is surviving at the highest dose rate at which it has been found (5.93 mGy/h). The frequency of morphological changes, most of which are teratological (e.g., apparent fused leaves, alternate or missing leaflets, chlorophyll mottling and sectoring, abnormal venation, irregular leaves), increased with radiation dose. In locations with severe winters, stresses during the winter dormant period are very important to survival. It is proposed that some of the features that enable ash to survive in a "harsh" environment may help it to tolerate the stress of gamma irradiation better than other species.

Effect of Dose Rate on Iron Incorporation Into Newly Formed Erythrocytes of Rats Exposed to Gamma Radiation

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegmund J. Baum ◽  
Donald J. Kimeldorf
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Iron Incorporation

Rats were subjected to 240 r gamma radiation at several dose rates (10 r/hr., 30 r/hr., 60 r/hr. and 120 r/hr.). At various days postradiation the animals were injected with radioactive iron and the appearance of the isotope in newly formed erythrocytes was measured in the circulation until it reached a maximum. Lowest Fe59 uptake was noted in animals injected with the isotope 24 hours postradiation. It was observed that dose rate influenced inversely the extent of iron incorporation during the recovery phase.

Sila-Pharmaka, 35. Mitt. [1] Sila-Substitution des Akarizids Fenbutatinoxid und einiger seiner Derivate: Synthese und Eigenschaften von Hexakis[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methyl]distannoxan und Tris[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methyl](1,2,4-triazoI-l-yl)stannan / Sila-Pharmaca, 35th Communication [1] Sila-Substitution of the Acaricide Fenbutatinoxide and Some of its Derivatives: Synthesis and Properties of Hexakis[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methyl]distannoxane and Tris[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methyl]1,2,4-triazol-l-yl)stannane

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Tacke ◽  
Matthias Link ◽  
Hartmut Joppien ◽  
Ludger Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Abstract Starting from SnCl4. hexasila-fenbutatinoxide (2b) [a silicon analogue of the acaricide fenbutatinoxide (2b)] and its derivatives lb and 3b were prepared (SnCl4 → 1b → 2b -> 3b). The distannoxanes 2a and 2b were found to react very easily with H2O to give the corresponding stannols 4a and 4b, respectively. In solution (C6D6 or CDCl3) the equilibria 2a/2b + H2O ⇄ 2 4a/4b were observed (1H NMR). With regard to the system 2a/4a/H2O, this observation is at variance with an earlier report in which the sterically bulky neophyl substituents [C6H5(CH3)2CCH2] are said to prevent the condensation of 4a to give 2a. - 1b -3b were found to be potent acaricides showing activities similar to those of their carbon analogues 1a -3a (test organisms: adult females of Tetranychus urticae Koch)

scholarly journals Оптические характеристики облученных гамма-лучами полимерных сцинтилляторов

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (9) ◽  
pp. 1249
Author(s):  
С.В. Афанасьев ◽  
А.Ю. Бояринцев ◽  
И.А. Голутвин ◽  
Э.М. Ибрагимова ◽  
А.И. Малахов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Optical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Losses ◽  
Optical Losses ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
60Co Gamma ◽  
Plastic Scintillators ◽  
Transmission And Absorption

The effects of dose rate and dose of 60Co gamma-irradiation and oxidation on optical transmission and absorption spectra of plastic scintillators of BC-408 (USA), UPS-923A (Ukraine) and LHE (JINR) were studied at 300 K in air and hermetic pack at dose rates within 0.00022 до 0.0032 МGy/h and to doses 0.043 и 0.2 МGy. The irradiation increases the transmission losses in the range of 400-850 nm as the dose grows. It was not found a noticeable influence of adsorbed oxygen on the induced optical losses at the mentioned conditions.

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