The Evaluation of Meloxicam Nanocrystals by Oral Administration with Different Particle Sizes

Meloxicam (MLX) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. However, its poor water solubility limits the dissolution process and influences absorption. In order to solve this problem and improve its bioavailability, we prepared it in nanocrystals with three different particle sizes to improve solubility and compare the differences between various particle sizes. The nanocrystal particle sizes were studied through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and laser scattering (LS). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the morphology of nanocrystals. The sizes of meloxicam-nanocrystals-A (MLX-NCs-A), meloxicam-nanocrystals-B (MLX-NCs-B), and meloxicam-nanocrystals-C (MLX-NCs-C) were 3.262 ± 0.016 μm, 460.2 ± 9.5 nm, and 204.9 ± 2.8 nm, respectively. Molecular simulation was used to explore the distribution and interaction energy of MLX molecules and stabilizer molecules in water. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) proved that the crystalline state did not change in the preparation process. Transport studies of the Caco-2 cell model indicated that the cumulative degree of transport would increase as the particle size decreased. Additionally, plasma concentration–time curves showed that the AUC0–∞ of MLX-NCs-C were 3.58- and 2.92-fold greater than those of MLX-NCs-A and MLX-NCs-B, respectively. These results indicate that preparing MLX in nanocrystals can effectively improve the bioavailability, and the particle size of nanocrystals is an important factor in transmission and absorption.

Реализация физических подходов к конструированию функциональных металлодиэлектрических систем на основе опалов в фотонике

The possibilities of practical implementation of physical approaches to the design of metal-dielectric photonic crystal systems based on opals, which allow controlling the propagation of electromagnetic waves, are shown. The implemented approaches are based on the effects of excitation of surface plasmon-polaritons capable of propagating along the metal-dielectric interface in plasmonic-photonic layered heterostructures, and modification of the photonic-energy structure of the nanocomposite as a result of dispersion of silver in the opal matrix. Experimental results are presented indicating the occurrence of extraordinary transmission and absorption of light in plasmonic-photonic heterostructures, as well as the asymmetric shape of curves in the reflection spectra of nanocomposites, which is associated with the Fano resonance.

PECULIAR PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION PROPAGATION IN PHOTONIC CRYSTALLINE METAL-DIELECTRIC SYSTEMS BASED ON OPALS

The article studies the propagation of electromagnetic waves in metal-dielectric systems based on opals. We revealed anomalous transmission and absorption of light by hybrid plasmon- photonic layered heterostructures associated with the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons propagating along the metal-dielectric interface. The position of maxima in the reflection spectra of nanocomposites, obtained by filling the opal matrix with metal by the electrothermodiffusion method, is explained by the Bragg diffraction, and the asymmetric form of the spectral curves is attributed to the Fano resonance.

Modifications of microfiber synthetic leather base (MSLB) to enhance the sanitary performances: a review

Microfiber leather is a type of synthetic leather made up of a high-grade polyurethane resin and microfiber bundles that resemble the microscopic characteristics of natural leather. Microfiber has benefited from its smaller diameter, which is similar to that of real leather fibrils. Microfibers have received a lot of focus and are frequently employed in the synthetic leather basis, which is an important factor in regulating synthetic leather functionality. Microfiber synthetic leather has advantages over natural leather in terms of mechanical behavior, for example. However, there is a significant difference between natural leather and microfiber synthetic leather in terms of other aspects, such as hygiene issues. Microfiber synthetic leather, unlike natural leather, has inferior transmission and absorption qualities, making it feel hotter. As a result, there is a pressing need to improve the sanitary performance of superfine synthetic leather. Several studies have endeavored to improve the hygienic qualities of MSLB by modifying it in various ways. It is attempted to make a review on the different types of modifications in brief.

Optical properties of two-dimensional materials with tilted anisotropic Dirac cones: theoretical modelling with application to doped 8-Pmmn borophene

The optical reflection, transmission and absorption properties of borophene, a newly discovered two-dimensional material with tilted anisotropic Dirac cones, are explored within a simple electronic band structure model of 8-Pmmn borophene, proposed by Zabolotskiy and Lozovik (2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 165403). It is assumed that the borophene layer is deposited on a dielectric substrate, such as Al2O3, and that the borophene's electron density is controlled by an external gate voltage. The reflectance, transmittance and absorbance of the borophene layer, the conduction band of which is filled with electrons up to the Fermi level, are calculated against the frequency of the incident radiation, as well as on the angle of its incidence on the layer. Considered are the two principal cases of the incident radiation polarization either parallel to or normal to the plane of incidence. We reveal that the optical characteristics of 8-Pmmn borophene are distinctly different for the above two cases at all angles of radiation incidence, excepting the grazing incidence, for which the borophene layer is found to behave like a mirror regardless of the wave polarization. The results obtained indicate the possibility of visualizing the borophene layer deposited on a dielectric substrate by observing the minimum reflectivity of this layer at a certain angle incidence (called the quasi-Brewster angle) of the p-polarized radiation, which may differ by a value of about ten degrees from the Brewster angle of the substrate.

Interaction of an electromagnetic E-wave with a thin conducting film between two dielectric media in the case of an anisotropic isoenergetic surface and impurity scattering

The coefficients of reflection, transmission and absorption are calculated in the framework of the kinetic approach, when an electromagnetic E-wave interacts with a thin conducting film located between two dielectric media. To account for the surface scattering of charge carriers is used a model of mirror-diffuse boundary conditions, assuming that the specularity coefficients of the upper and lower surfaces of the film differ from each other. The electromagnetic wave falls on the upper surface of the film at an arbitrary angle. The case of an anisotropic isoenergetic surface of a conductor having the form of a three-axis ellipsoid, one of the main axes of which is parallel to the magnetic field strength of the wave, and the other is perpendicular to the film surfaces, is considered. The impurity scattering of electrons (holes) is dominated in the volume of the conductor. The dependence of the absorption coefficient on the parameters of the isoenergetic surface of the conductor is analyzed.

Transcriptome Spectral Analysis using Hyperspectral Imaging for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a noteworthy health problem with a poor diagnosis due to limited detection techniques. Transcriptome studies can be used to classify cancer further away from anatomical location and histopathology. Recent studies demonstrated the novelty of numerous types of specific RNA biomarkers that differentially expressed both the normal liver and the HCC tissues, but those specific types overlapped with the detection of other types of cancers. In this study, total RNA was used to ensure the existence of differences between different cancer types. A multispectral light source (340-1000 nm) interacted with the sample. Multi-wavelengths images were captured using a hyperspectral camera (wavelength 380-1000 nm). The optimum wavelength to discriminate between the normal and HCC samples was selected by calculating the optical properties (transmission, absorption and scattered light). Results showed specific spectral signatures for total RNA within the red-band (633-700 nm) that discriminate HCC from control. The amount of light scattering, transmission and absorption relatively changed due to the variations of size, shape, and concentration of total RNA. The spectral RNA signature that is dependent on the shape and size of total RNA may be utilized as the gold standard for HCC detection.

Ultra-wideband Transmissive Linear Polarization Device Based on Graphene

In order to achieve both adjustable wideband and high Polarization Conversion Rate (PCR) of the transmitted waves, a novelty tri-layered structure is proposed for terahertz applications. The Rhombus Hollow Square (RHS) is built up by top and bottom gold gratings on Silicon Dioxide and Polyamide substrate with graphene strips. The proposed polarizer broadens the bandwidth and has well performance. As chemical potential increases, the bandwidth is also broadened by adjusting the graphene. From 0.5 THz to 3 THz, the PCR is greater than 90%, and the relative bandwidth up to 142.9%. The transmission and absorption of polarizer are analyzed at the oblique incidence with chemical potential 0.1eV. By simulating and analyzing the performance, a new result of maintaining broadband and high transmittance in oblique incidence is obtained.