scholarly journals Changes in the course of ice phenomena on Morskie Oko in the Tatra Mountains from 1963 to 2012 and the implications for tourism

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Ice Cover ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
Ice Phenomena

AbstractThe article presents changes in the course of ice phenomena on Lake Morskie Oko over 50 years. It comprises detailed data of the course of the main parameters of ice regime of the lake in the years 1963–1970. Such a reference period yielded substantial differences in the obtained values of trends in comparison with the period 1971–2010, which is most common in literature. The trends obtained differed substantially from those describing the years 1971–2010, and the change in the parameters – scaled to a year of the analysed period – was about half the size. Attention was also drawn to the practical aspect of the changes in the duration and thickness of ice cover on the lake. In the years 1963–2012 the period of safe movement on the frozen lake was reduced by only 10 days.

scholarly journals Variability and course of occurrence of ice cover on selected lakes of the Gnieźnieńskie Lakeland (Central Poland) in the period 1976–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogumił Nowak ◽  
Dominik Nowak ◽  
Mariusz Ptak
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Maximum Thickness ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Winter Half ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
Ice Phenomena

The paper presents the analysis of the course of ice phenomena on four lakes (Lednica, Żnińskie Duże, Biskupińskie, Powidzkie) in central Poland in the period 1976–2015. The obtained results show changes in their ice regime that occurred over the last 40 years. An advance of the term of decline of ice cover was determined (by 2.5 day·dec-1on average for all lakes), as well as a reduction of duration of ice cover (by 4.4 day·dec-1 on average for all lakes), and a decrease in its maximum thickness (by 2 cm·dec-1 on average for all lakes). Such a situation should be associated with the observed warming, as confirmed by the course of air temperature for station Gniezno, where in the period of the winter half-year (November-April), an increase in temperature was recorded by 0.37°C·dec-1.

scholarly journals Conditions of spatiotemporal variability of the thickness of the ice cover on lakes in the Tatra Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2369-2386
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Solarski ◽  
Mirosław Szumny
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This research aimed to identify the impact of local climatic and topographic conditions on the formation and development of the ice cover in high-mountain lakes and the representativeness assessment of periodic point measurements of the ice cover thickness by taking into consideration the role of the avalanches on the icing of the lakes. Field works included measurement of the ice and snow cover thickness of seven lakes situated in the Tatra Mountains (UNESCO biosphere reserve) at the beginning and the end of the 2017/2018 winter season. In addition, morphometric, topographic and daily meteorological data of lakes from local IMGW (Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management) stations and satellite images were used. The obtained results enabled us to quantify the impact of the winter eolian snow accumulation on the variation in ice thickness. This variation was ranging from several centimetres up to about 2 meters and had a tendency to increase during the winter season. The thickest ice covers occurred in the most shaded places in the direct vicinity of rock walls. The obtained results confirm a dominating role of the snow cover in the variation of the ice thickness within individual lakes.

scholarly journals Long-Term Variability in the Course of Ice Phenomena on the Vistula River in Toruń

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
River Control ◽  
Ice Phenomena

Abstract Our first information of ice cover on the Vistula River in Poland dates from the Middle Ages. However, only since the 19th century have continuous observations been available. This study makes use of a data series, obtained mainly from IMGW (Institute of Meteorology and Water Management), covering the years 1861-2003 for ice phenomena and 1814-2003 for ice cover. Considerable shortening has been observed in the duration of both ice phenomena (from 60-120 days to 30-80 days) and ice cover (from 40-100 days to 20-60 days). These trends correspond well with the trend in winter temperatures becoming warmer. However, the transformation of the ice regime on the Vistula River in Toruń has also been affected by the river control, the construction and operation of the Włocławek Dam and (to a lesser degree than at Korzeniewo) icebreaking activities.

scholarly journals The ice regime of Lake Raduńskie Górne (Kashubian Lakeland, northern Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Barańczuk ◽  
Elżbieta Bajkiewicz-Grabowska ◽  
Katarzyna Barańczuk ◽  
Wojciech Staszek
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Winter Half ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
Ice Phenomena ◽  
Ice Phenology

AbstractThe paper presents assessment results of the ice dynamics on Lake Raduńskie Górne (Upper Radunia Lake) based on long-term observations of the course of ice phenomena. Interannual changes in lake ice phenology parameters (freeze-onset, ice-on, freeze duration, melt-onset, permanent ice cover duration, ice-off, melt duration) in the years 1961–2010 are discussed. In addition, the ice cover thickness was taken into consideration. The analysed parameters of ice phenology were compared to each other as well as to the mean air and water temperatures of the winter half-year (November–April). The main periods of the ice regime of the lake have been determined and described. The permanent ice cover constitutes on average 79%, freeze-up period 13%, and break-up period 8% of the whole time of ice phenomena. It was shown that the weather parameters crucial for ice formation are the mean air and surface water temperatures. On Lake Raduńskie Górne the ice phenomena can only occur when mean air temperature in the winter half-year, at Borucino wheather station, is lower than 4.9°C, and water temperature (at a depth of 0.4 m) is lower than 5.7°C. In turn permanent ice cover is created when the mean air temperature of the winter half-year is lower than 3.9°C. The maximum and mean ice cover thickness on Lake Raduńskie Górne ranged, respectively, from 0.5 to 50 cm, and from 0.5 to 38.3 cm. These parameters were strongly positively correlated (r = 0.87–0.88, p <0.05) with the duration of the ice cover period.

scholarly journals The ice regime of Lake Ostrzyckie (Kashubian Lakeland, northern Poland)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Barańczuk ◽  
Jacek Barańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Duration Time ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
Freezing Period ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
Ice Phenomena

Abstract The article presents the ice phenology of Lake Ostrzyckie, which is a water body covering an area of 308 ha located in the central part of the Kashubian Lakeland, northern Poland. The analysis presented in the article is based on data from daily ice phenomena monitoring for the period of 1971–2010. Data including forms of lake ice, as well as the thickness of the ice cover were obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water. In order to present relations between the ice phenomena and air temperature the meteorological data from the Gdańsk University Limnological Station in Borucino were used. The article presents changes in the duration time of the ice seasons and changes in the ice cover duration time in relation to winter season (November–April) temperatures. The structure of the ice phenomena duration period observed on Lake Ostrzyckie consists of three different stages of ice cover formation. 94% of this time the lake is covered by permanent ice cover, the freezing period takes about 5%, and the break-up takes only 1% of the ice phenomena duration period. In general the ice phenomena in the lake can occur only in the years when the average air temperature in the winter is lower than 5.0°C, whereas the permanent ice cover is created when the average air temperature of the winter season is lower than 4.8°C. The maximum thickness of the ice cover is usually 23 cm, and the average is 14 cm.

scholarly journals The statistical relation/coherence between ice-regimes of Lake Raduńskie Górne and Lake Ostrzyckie

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Jacek Barańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Statistical Relation ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
The University ◽  
Ice Phenomena ◽  
Cover Pattern

AbstractThis article is an attempt to analyse and compare several selected parameters regarding ice phenomena using the correlation analysis of two lakes, which are benchmark lakes located in the central part of the Kashubian Lakeland. These lakes are: Raduńskie Górne, a larger one (387.2 hm2) and Ostrzyckie, a smaller one covering an area of 308.0 hm2. The analysis covered measurement sequences for the period 1971–2010. The material for analysis regarding data on ice phenomena on Lake Raduńskie Górne was obtained from the University of Gdańsk Limnological Station in Borucino while the data for Lake Ostrzyckie was obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW). Relations between the following parameters of the ice regime were analysed: duration of the ice phenomena, duration of the ice cover, average and maximum thickness of the ice cover. The analysis and data comparisons have revealed that there are strong and very strong relations between the analysed parameters, which made it possible to develop proper statistical models. Hence, should there be a lack of data on the ice-cover pattern for one of these lakes it is possible to recreate them using the elaborated empirical models and data for the other.

Water temperatures and ice cover in lakes of the Tatra Mountains

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Šporka ◽  
David Livingstone ◽  
Evžen Stuchlík ◽  
Jan Turek ◽  
Joanna Galas
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Mountain Lakes ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Lake Surface ◽  
Quantitative Characterization ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

AbstractIn 2000 and 2001, miniature thermistors with integrated data loggers were employed to measure lake surface water temperatures (LSWTs) and temperature profiles in high-altitude mountain lakes lying between 1580 and 2145 m a.s.l. on both the Slovak and Polish sides of the Tatra Mountains. This allowed the annual cycle of water temperatures and ice cover in these lakes to be described quantitatively, and their dependence on lake altitude above sea level to be investigated. LSWTs in the Tatra Mountains are found to decrease approximately linearly with increasing altitude from late spring to autumn. LSWT in summer can be modelled well in terms of exponentially smoothed ambient air temperature. Although the timing of ice-off is dependent on altitude, the timing of ice-on is not; the dependence of the duration of ice cover on altitude is therefore wholly due to the altitudinal dependence of the timing of ice-off. The temperature profile measurements allow quantitative characterization of summer and winter stagnation, and spring and autumn turnover.

scholarly journals Recent trends in ice cover duration for Lake Morskie Oko (Tatra Mountains, East-Central Europe)

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Pociask-Karteczka ◽  
Adam Choiński
Keyword(s):  
Ice Cover ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Maximum Elevation ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
New Evidence

The study examined the formation, break-up, and duration of ice phenomena and ice cover on Lake Morskie Oko (1,395.4 metres above sea level (masl)), which is a representative of high mountain lakes in the Tatra Mountains located in the western Carpathian Mountains with a maximum elevation of 2,655 masl in the period 1971–2010. The maximum thickness was analyzed additionally. The lake covers an area of nearly 32 hectares and its greatest depth is 51.8 m. Its water is very clear with transparency reaching 12.5 m in depth. The trend towards a delayed freeze-up reaches 4.1 days per decade (d decade−1) (p &lt; 0.01) and the ablation of ice on Lake Morskie Oko tends to take place earlier at a rate of 4.5 d decade−1 (p &lt; 0.05). The time period with ice cover on the lake has been getting shorter at a rate of 10 d decade−1 during the time frame of interest. Results of ice cover research on Lake Morskie Oko are consistent with recent studies which have shown that ice duration on lakes throughout the Northern Hemisphere has decreased over the last few decades and they serve as new evidence which confirms a warming of the climate in this section of Europe.

scholarly journals Long-term changes in the hydrological regime of high mountain Lake Morskie Oko (Tatra Mountains, Central Europe)

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Ptak ◽  
Dariusz Wrzesiński ◽  
Adam Choiński
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Mountain Lake ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
High Mountain Lake ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

AbstractThe paper discusses changes in the hydrological regime of high mountain Lake Morskie Oko located in the Tatra Mountains, in the Tatra Mountains National Park, a UNESCO biosphere reserve (MaB). According to the research conducted in the years 1971–2015, its water stages decreased by 3.5 cm·dec−1, mean annual water temperature increased by 0.3°C·dec−1and the duration of ice phenomena and ice cover was reduced by 10 day·dec−1. No considerable changes in maximum values of ice cover thickness were recorded. Such tendencies are primarily caused by long-term changes in climatic conditions – air temperature and atmospheric precipitation. The hydrological regime of the lake was also determined by changes in land use in the lake’s catchment and its location in high mountains.

scholarly journals Determinants of change in the duration of ice phenomena on the Vistula River in Toruń

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
River Engineering ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
The City ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Ice Phenomena

Abstract Winter season temperatures are becoming warmer. However, the transformation of the ice regime on the Vistula River in Toruń has also been affected by river engineering. In particular, the construction and operation of the Włocławek Dam had a significant impact on ice processes. The article presents the results of an analysis determining the contribution of natural and anthropogenic factors to the duration of ice phenomena and ice cover on the Vistula River in the city of Toruń. Compared to the end of the nineteenth century, there has been a reduction in the duration of ice phenomena from 88 to 53 days and of ice cover from 40 to 7 days (in the period of 1882-2011). The article compares the duration of ice cover and winter temperature in three different periods: before the completion of river engineering works (1882-1907); for the controlled river (1908-1969), and for the controlled river with the Włocławek Dam upstream of Toruń (1970-2011). The results showed a significant role of these anthropogenic factors in the changes of the ice cover duration on the Vistula River in Toruń.

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