Angas-Sura Etymologies VII

Abstract The paper as part of a long-running series is devoted to the etymological analysis of a new segment (namely that with initial dental *d-) of the Angas-Sura root stock, a small group of modern languages remotely and ultimately akin to pharaonic Egyptian and the well-known Semitic languages or Twareg in the Sahara etc. Doing so, I wish to continue the noble tradition initiated by J.H. Greenberg (1958), the founding father of modern Afro-Asiatic comparative linguistics (along with I.M. Diakonoff), who was the first scholar ever to have established by Neo-Grammarian the methods regular consonantal correspondences between Angas-Sura and ancient Egyptian in his pioneering (painfully isolated) paper on the ancient trichtomomy of the word-initial labials in both branches. Nowadays our chances in following this path are substantially more favourable being equipped with our gigantic comparative root catalogue system of the Egyptian etymologies ever published (ongoing since 1994) and of the Afro-Asiatic parental lexical stock (ongoing since 1999).

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Notation of Fractions

Mathematics in Ancient Egypt ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691117133.003.0008 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Annette Imhausen

Keyword(s):

Small Group ◽

Ancient Egypt ◽

Ancient Egyptian

This chapter discusses the development of the ancient Egyptian concept of fractions. The beginnings of fractions in ancient Egypt consisted of a small group of specific fractions written by special signs. These fractions are first attested within the context of metrological systems, but they retain their notation in later times as abstract fractions. The list of earliest fractions comprises 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4, and it may be inferred that fractions came to be understood as the inverses of integers. As a consequence, the Egyptian notation of fractions did not consist of numerator and denominator but rather of the respective integer of which the fraction was the inverse and a symbol to designate it as an inverse, that is, a fraction. Following the concept of fractions as inverses of integers, the next step would have been to express parts that consist of more than one of these inverses. This was done by (additive) juxtaposition of different inverses.

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The ‘Risala’ of Yehuda Ibn Quraysh and its Place in Hebrew Linguistics

Historiographia Linguistica ◽

10.1075/hl.8.2-3.06bek ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 8 (2-3) ◽

pp. 307-327

Author(s):

W. Jacques Van Bekkum

Keyword(s):

Direct Influence ◽

Comparative Linguistics ◽

Semitic Languages ◽

Interesting Connection ◽

Comparative Aspect ◽

Hebrew Language ◽

History Of ◽

Linguistic Approach ◽

Lasting Influence ◽

Hebrew Linguistics

Summary The Risāla of Yěhuda Ibn Quraysh (10th century) has evoked many suggestions and presuppositions among modern scholars with regard to its place within the development of Hebrew linguistics. This paper does not deal extensively with the Risāla on its own, but examines possible connections of the Risāla with contemporary and later linguistic works. In the first place, an article of Allony (1970) is discussed, in which the author states that the second chapter of the Risāla was influenced by a work of Sacadya Gaon, the Kitāb al-sab-cīn lafza al-mufrada. However, his arguments are not convincing, as already observed by Becker (1977) and Téné (1980). Ibn Quraysh was completely independent from the works of Sacadya Gaon and in fact stood outside the tradition in the study of the Hebrew language which Sacadya Gaon had established. Ibn Quraysh did not have a lasting influence on later grammarians because of his unusual linguistic approach. Direct influence is demonstrable in the Kitāb Jāmic al-’Alfāz of al-Fāsī. In this connection the problem is discussed, whether Ibn Quraysh was a Qaraite, like al-Fāsī, as some scholars have thought. Works of later grammarians like Ibn Tamīm, Ibn Janāh and Ibn Hayyūj are considered, but their alleged dependence upon the Risāla is disproved. The most interesting connection lies between the Risāla and the Kitāb al-Muwāzana by Ibn Bārūn. This book is clearly a comparative work like the Risāla. Ibn Bārūn, too, is aware of the kinship of certain Semitic languages and he shares particular views of Ibn Quraysh regarding lexical explanations and Hebrew grammar. But it is remarkable that the works of Ibn Quraysh and Ibn Bārūn did not make an impact on the later development of Hebrew linguistics and did not succeed in focusing attention on the comparative aspect in the study of Hebrew and Arabic. Reasons for this are given by Téné (1980). It is clear that both the Risāla and the Kitāb al-Muwāzana represent an episodic development within the history of Hebrew linguistics, which was not developed by later Hebrew linguists until modern scholars of comparative linguistics took it up again.

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Ethio-Semitic

The Oxford Handbook of African Languages ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199609895.013.22 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 358-363

Author(s):

Victor Porkhomovsky

Keyword(s):

Comparative Linguistics ◽

Semitic Languages ◽

The World ◽

Genetic Unit ◽

History Of ◽

Areal Linguistics

Ethio-Semitic languages form a group within the Semitic family of the Afro-Asiatic language phylum. In all the surveys of languages and language families of the world this group of languages in Ethiopia and Eritrea is always present and is by default treated as a genetic unit within Semitic. Its traditional status is supported by a long history of population medley, language contacts, and interference within the framework of areal linguistics, comparative linguistics, and sociocultural, geographical, and ecological paradigms. The internal classification of Ethio-Semitic provokes many controversies on all levels, including the language ~ dialect level. This chapter describes and explains this problematic nature, taking into account morphological isoglosses such as prefix conjugation and suffix conjugation.

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To William O. Brown

African Studies Review ◽

10.1017/s0002020600037537 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 12 (03) ◽

pp. 243-245

Author(s):

L. Gray Cowan

Keyword(s):

Small Group ◽

African Studies ◽

Founding Father ◽

Field Of Study ◽

Past President ◽

Area Studies ◽

Founding Member ◽

Small Committee ◽

Major Branch ◽

American Academic

For those of us who have been members of the African Studies Association since its founding in 1958, it is hard to believe that Bill Brown will no longer be with us at our annual meetings and as an ever willing member of our committees. We became so accustomed to calling on Bill for advice and guidance at moments of crisis that we are just a bit at a loss when we realize we can no longer turn to him in need. Bill was a founding member of the ASA, a member of its board, and its past President. These offices, to which Bill was overwhelmingly elected, were no more than fitting tributes to his qualities as a scholar and a leader in his field of study -- qualities which the members of the Association recognized and to which they gladly paid tribute. But Bill was much more than a founding father; he was one of the small group who saw in the early fifties that African studies were to grow from the concern of a handful of devoted men to a major branch of area studies in the American academic roster. Bill was a member of the small committee which met from time to time in 1956 and 1957 to lay out the goals and purposes of the future association. Bill's wise counsel then, as it has so often since, prevented us from making irretrievable errors. I can remember sitting in several long and confused planning meetings in the Spring of 1958 in which alternative forms of the Association were brought up, one after another, and at the end, the group turned to Bill, who, seemingly, had absorbed all the confusing threads of the discussion. He was able to weave them together into a series of decisions which sounded much more intelligent than they ever were, I am sure, during our discussion; and out of them came the Association as it now is.

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Within-Subject Variability in Ingratiation as a Function of Self-Esteem and Time

Journal of Personnel Psychology ◽

10.1027/1866-5888/a000237 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 216-226

Author(s):

Katharina Schmitte ◽

Bert Schreurs ◽

Mien Segers ◽

I. M. “Jim” Jawahar

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Small Group ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Random Coefficient ◽

Person Perspective ◽

Authority Figure ◽

Subject Variability ◽

Over Time ◽

Within Subject Variability

Abstract. Adopting a within-person perspective, we theorize why ingratiation use directed toward an authority figure increases over time and for whom. We posit that as the appraisal event draws closer, the salience of achieving good evaluations increases, leading to an increasing use of ingratiation. We further propose that the increase will be stronger for individuals with low relative to high self-esteem. Participants were 349 students enrolled in a small-group, tutor-led management course. Data were collected in three bi-weekly waves and analyzed using random coefficient modeling. Results show that ingratiation use increased as time to the evaluation decreased, and low self-esteem students ingratiated more as time progressed. We conclude that ingratiation use varies as a function of contextual and inter-individual differences.

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