Ethio-Semitic

2020 ◽  
pp. 358-363
Author(s):  
Victor Porkhomovsky
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
The World ◽  
Genetic Unit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Areal Linguistics

Ethio-Semitic languages form a group within the Semitic family of the Afro-Asiatic language phylum. In all the surveys of languages and language families of the world this group of languages in Ethiopia and Eritrea is always present and is by default treated as a genetic unit within Semitic. Its traditional status is supported by a long history of population medley, language contacts, and interference within the framework of areal linguistics, comparative linguistics, and sociocultural, geographical, and ecological paradigms. The internal classification of Ethio-Semitic provokes many controversies on all levels, including the language ~ dialect level. This chapter describes and explains this problematic nature, taking into account morphological isoglosses such as prefix conjugation and suffix conjugation.

Evolution and environment in the late Silurian-early Devonian: the rise of the pteridophytes

1985 ◽  
Vol 309 (1138) ◽  
pp. 147-165 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Early History ◽  
Flora Of Australia ◽  
Early Devonian ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

A brief review of the major advances since 1979 in Silurian and Devonian palaeobotany is followed by a preliminary report on a Gedinnian assemblage from the Welsh Borderland. This is dominated by rhyniopsids and includes several species of Cooksonia and Salopella . Spores have been isolated from a number of taxa. The assemblage is used to illustrate the problems of recognition and classification of early vascular plants. Parallel sedimentological and palaeogeographical studies permit speculation on the ecology and life histories of the plants that colonized the Old Red Continent. It is concluded that the lack of well preserved and independently dated assemblages from elsewhere in the world (an exception being the Baragwanathia flora of Australia) prevents the detection of any provincialism in the late Silurian and early Devonian and makes generalizations on the early history of vascular plants premature.

scholarly journals New perspectives on the evolution of the genus Typhlatya (Crustacea, Decapoda): first record of a cavernicolous atyid in the Iberian Peninsula, Typhlatya miravetensis n. sp.

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Sebastián Sanz ◽  
Dirk Platvoet
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
First Record ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
A New Species

On several occasions, shrimps belonging to a new species of the genus Typhlatya were collected in a cave in the province of Castellón, Spain. This is the first record of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula. The species is described and the validity, distribution, and zoogeography of the genus, as well as the status of the genus Spelaeocaris, are discussed. Former models for the evolution of the genus Typhlatya and its genus group are reviewed, as well as the system of inner classification of the Atyidae and its biogeographical meaning. For the age and evolution of the genus we developed a new model based on vicariance principles that involves further evolution of each species after the disruption of the ancestral range. This allows new estimations for the age of the genus. Accordingly, we suppose that other proposals, such as recent dispersal through the sea, should be disregarded for this genus. The evolutionary development of this species is discussed in the context of the geological history of the area and the world distribution of the genus, the genus group, and the family.

The Semitic languages of Ethiopia and their classification

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Goldenbekg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Linguistic Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Language Area

The accumulation of knowledge concerning the Semitic languages of Ethiopia has reached a stage when one may wish to venture upon a systematic comparative investigation of this linguistic group. Such an attempt is E. Hetzron'sEthiopian Semitic: studies in classification, which represents, in terms of genetic classification, the most detailed and penetrating comparative study hitherto undertaken in this field. The book is somewhat more ambitious than its subtitle would suggest; in fact it offers a fairly comprehensive exposition, well reasoned and carefully elaborated, of a new classification of the Ethiopian Semitic languages. And, as already argued a century ago, ‘in the field of cognate languages, classification is but a “modification” of the history of a language’, since ‘eo ipsothe history of language turns into a genetic classification’, or, as postulated in a more recent study, ‘the establishment of valid hypotheses concerning genetic relationships among languages is a necessary preliminary to the systematic reconstruction of their historical development’. The Ethiopian language area is sometimes mentioned as especially convenient for the comparativist. Indeed, ‘the field is inexhaustible and exceptionally fascinating’, as it comprises a rich variety of languages, dialects and ‘sub-dialects’’, Semitic and non-Semitic, spoken side by side in adjacent regions and at various substrata. However, such a linguistic situation is not necessarily favourable for applying the genealogical-comparative method, especially as regards interrelations between close, and rather fragmented, dialects.

scholarly journals MEETING ROOMS NAMING IN EAST JAVA GOVERNMENTAL BUILDING: A STUDY OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUSITICS

JURNAL BASIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Elvana Permataswari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important People ◽  
The Many

Naming is a specific linguistic act, intimately linked with values, traditions, hopes, fears and events in people’s lives. Names reveal the many preferences of their owners (or givers) in terms of real life objects, actions, features and beliefs. Place names provide the most useful geographical reference system in the world. The topic of names is a multidisciplinary field that has occupied the attention of philosophers of language, anthropologists, linguists and ordinary people. In this study, I try to analyze the names of meeting rooms in the East Java Governmental Building. The reason to choose this object is because the East Java Governmental Building is the center of government/ administration in East Java. This study aims to find out the kinds of names applied in the naming of meeting rooms in the East Java Governmental Building and the presuppose reasons behind the name chosen of the East Java Governmental Building. This study is a qualitative study. Based on the classification of the data, they were classified to two groups: the names of governors in East Java and the names of the kings or military chief of great kingdoms in East Java. The meeting rooms in the governmental building of East Java are named after important people in the history of the province. To conclude, the administration named all the meeting rooms, as the most important rooms in the building to welcome guests, using the name of people who have big influence and involvement in the history of East Java so that it has roots to its history.

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC INVESTIGATION OF CONDITIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE WORLD LINGUISTICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-77
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Linguistic Description ◽  
Componential Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic Approaches

The article is devoted to the investigation of the problem of conditional relationships and their expression peculiarities in the world linguistics. In particular, a special emphasis is placed on the discussion of leading approaches, perspectives from which conditional relationships are studied, their representation and classification from different viewpoints. The aim of the research is determined by the analysis of the expression of conditional relationships from different perspectives and the formulation of main principles and basis of such approaches to the study of the issue under discussion. The following tasks have been set to reach the goal: a) description of the history of the study of conditional relationships in the world linguistics; b) investigation of peculiarities of the expression of conditional relationships in world linguistics; c) analysis of the basic approaches to the investigation of conditional relationships in the world linguistics and identification of certain principles of each approach which focus on the study of conditional relationships from a particular angle; d) identification of classification of conditional relationships in the world linguistics and analysis of criteria for such classifications. The following methods of investigation have been used: linguistic description (to analyze and criticize the works related to the problem of conditional relationships in world linguistics), componential analysis (to reveal semantic peculiarities of conditional relationships in world linguistics), classification (to classify conditional relationships in world linguistics). The following results have been obtained: a) the conditional relationships in world linguistics have been studied from the following perspectives: semantic, syntactic, stylistic, functional, speech act, pragmatic, comparative-typological, pedagogical, historical-etymological; b) each perspective is characterized by certain principles; c) the conditional relationships can be classified from the viewpoints of semantics, syntax, speech act and pragmatics; d) each classification is based on certain criteria.

scholarly journals Classification of Mode Archetypes and Modern Problems of Music Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-95
Author(s):  
Elena M. Alkon
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Musical Mode

Modern problems of musical education are connected with the search for new and more efficient approaches considering the challenges of our time. One of such challenges is unprecedented in history of culture music stream falling upon the modern human. The relict musical mode archetypes, on the basis of which the music of the peoples of the world has been formed for centuries, and which nourish the creativity of the professionals, could be considered as ecologically friendly “musical products”. In this article, following a number of the range of previous publications, the author offers a new classification of mode archetypes based on previously designed principle of asymmetry/symmetry supplemented with several novel approaches. This classification obviously cannot cover all existing mode archetypes of music of people of the world, but definitely addresses their considerable part. Several tables with index-based ordering the most common mode archetypes are considered to be especially significant result of this paper. The author hopes that this method of designation will contribute to the development of a methodology for the analysis of the behavior of mode archetypes in various melodic contexts. The “Solveig’s Song” by E. Grieg is regarded as one of the most famous melodies, in which the musical mode archetype of Norwegian folk music occupies an important place.

The ‘Risala’ of Yehuda Ibn Quraysh and its Place in Hebrew Linguistics

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 307-327
Author(s):  
W. Jacques Van Bekkum
Keyword(s):  
Direct Influence ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Interesting Connection ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
Lasting Influence ◽  
Hebrew Linguistics

Summary The Risāla of Yěhuda Ibn Quraysh (10th century) has evoked many suggestions and presuppositions among modern scholars with regard to its place within the development of Hebrew linguistics. This paper does not deal extensively with the Risāla on its own, but examines possible connections of the Risāla with contemporary and later linguistic works. In the first place, an article of Allony (1970) is discussed, in which the author states that the second chapter of the Risāla was influenced by a work of Sacadya Gaon, the Kitāb al-sab-cīn lafza al-mufrada. However, his arguments are not convincing, as already observed by Becker (1977) and Téné (1980). Ibn Quraysh was completely independent from the works of Sacadya Gaon and in fact stood outside the tradition in the study of the Hebrew language which Sacadya Gaon had established. Ibn Quraysh did not have a lasting influence on later grammarians because of his unusual linguistic approach. Direct influence is demonstrable in the Kitāb Jāmic al-’Alfāz of al-Fāsī. In this connection the problem is discussed, whether Ibn Quraysh was a Qaraite, like al-Fāsī, as some scholars have thought. Works of later grammarians like Ibn Tamīm, Ibn Janāh and Ibn Hayyūj are considered, but their alleged dependence upon the Risāla is disproved. The most interesting connection lies between the Risāla and the Kitāb al-Muwāzana by Ibn Bārūn. This book is clearly a comparative work like the Risāla. Ibn Bārūn, too, is aware of the kinship of certain Semitic languages and he shares particular views of Ibn Quraysh regarding lexical explanations and Hebrew grammar. But it is remarkable that the works of Ibn Quraysh and Ibn Bārūn did not make an impact on the later development of Hebrew linguistics and did not succeed in focusing attention on the comparative aspect in the study of Hebrew and Arabic. Reasons for this are given by Téné (1980). It is clear that both the Risāla and the Kitāb al-Muwāzana represent an episodic development within the history of Hebrew linguistics, which was not developed by later Hebrew linguists until modern scholars of comparative linguistics took it up again.

scholarly journals Fifty Years of Research and One Conclusion: Opium Causes Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 757-760
Author(s):  
Mahdi Sheikh ◽  
Farin Kamangar ◽  
Reza Malekzadeh
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Short History ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Opium Use ◽  
Group 1

In September 2020, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) announced that opium consumption causes cancer in humans – a conclusion drawn after reviewing data from five decades of research. Given the widespread use of opium and its derivatives by millions of people across the world, the classification of opium consumption as a "Group 1" carcinogen has important public health ramifications. In this mini-review, we offer a short history of opium use in humans and briefly review the body of research that led to the classification of opium consumption as carcinogenic. We also discuss possible mechanisms of opium’s carcinogenicity and potential avenues for future research.

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