Soliton Model of the Photon / Fotona Solitona Modelis

A three-dimensional soliton model of photon with corpuscular and wave properties is proposed. We consider the Maxwell equations and assume that light induces the polarization and magnetization of vacuum only along the direction of its propagation. The nonlinear equation constructed for the vector potential is similar to the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation and comprises a dimensionless constant μ that determines the size-scale of soliton and is expected to be small. The obtained one-soliton solution of the proposed nonlinear equation describes a three-dimensional object identified as photon.

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Reconstruction of Objects from their Projections Using Orthogonal Functions

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100071788 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 268-269

Author(s):

Elrnar Zeitler

Keyword(s):

Unit Area ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

One Dimension ◽

Spatial Density ◽

Dimensional Representation ◽

Orthogonal Functions ◽

Object A ◽

Plane Normal ◽

Dimensional Object ◽

Spatial Density Distribution

Considering any finite three-dimensional object, a “projection” is here defined as a two-dimensional representation of the object's mass per unit area on a plane normal to a given projection axis, here taken as they-axis. Since the object can be seen as being built from parallel, thin slices, the relation between object structure and its projection can be reduced by one dimension. It is assumed that an electron microscope equipped with a tilting stage records the projectionWhere the object has a spatial density distribution p(r,ϕ) within a limiting radius taken to be unity, and the stage is tilted by an angle 9 with respect to the x-axis of the recording plane.

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EFFECTS OF GEOMETRIC FORM FEATURES ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECT CATEGORIZATION

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.100.4.899-912 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 899

Author(s):

SHANG H. HSU

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Object Categorization ◽

Geometric Form ◽

Form Features ◽

Dimensional Object

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Imaging of bi-anisotropic periodic structures from electromagnetic near-field data

Journal of Inverse and Ill-Posed Problems ◽

10.1515/jiip-2020-0114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Dinh-Liem Nguyen ◽

Trung Truong

Keyword(s):

Inverse Scattering ◽

Maxwell Equations ◽

Field Data ◽

Periodic Structures ◽

Near Field ◽

Scattering Problem ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Inverse Scattering Problem ◽

Factorization Method ◽

Unique Determination

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the inverse scattering problem for the three-dimensional Maxwell equations in bi-anisotropic periodic structures. The inverse scattering problem aims to determine the shape of bi-anisotropic periodic scatterers from electromagnetic near-field data at a fixed frequency. The factorization method is studied as an analytical and numerical tool for solving the inverse problem. We provide a rigorous justification of the factorization method which results in the unique determination and a fast imaging algorithm for the periodic scatterer. Numerical examples for imaging three-dimensional periodic structures are presented to examine the efficiency of the method.

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The time domain numerical method of three-dimensional conductors including radiation with lumped parameter circuit

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83916-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Souma Jinno ◽

Shuji Kitora ◽

Hiroshi Toki ◽

Masayuki Abe

Keyword(s):

Numerical Method ◽

Time Domain ◽

Maxwell Equations ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

New Formalism ◽

Vector Potentials ◽

Lumped Parameter ◽

Radiation Theory ◽

Stable Solutions ◽

The Time Domain

AbstractWe formulate a numerical method on the transmission and radiation theory of three-dimensional conductors starting from the Maxwell equations in the time domain. We include the delay effect in the integral equations for the scalar and vector potentials rigorously, which is vital to obtain numerically stable solutions for transmission and radiation phenomena in conductors. We provide a formalism to connect the conductors to any passive lumped-parameter circuits. We show one example of numerical calculations, demonstrating that the new formalism provides stable solutions to the transmission and radiation phenomena.

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