scholarly journals Investigation of EDFA Performance in DWDM Transmission Systems Under Different Operating Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
J. Putrina ◽  
S. Olonkins ◽  
V. Bobrovs ◽  
J. Porins
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Power Penalty ◽  
Channel Spacing ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Error Ratio ◽  
Bit Error Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The article investigates dependence of EDFA performance on its operating conditions. First of all, the impact of changes in channel spacing on the quality of the amplifier signal and on the desired EDFA configuration is observed – three different values of channel spacing are considered – 37.5 GHz, 50 GHz and 100 GHz. Afterwards, the impact of EDFA positioning on the quality of the amplified signal and the desired configuration is assessed. Three different EDFA positioning scenarios are considered – when the EDFA is used as a power booster, as an in-line amplifier and as a preamplifier. In all cases, such configuration of the EDFA is found that can ensure bit-error ratio (BER) values below 1·10−9 in all channels of the system. To assess the performance of the amplifiers, power penalty values are obtained in respect to identical transmission systems but without amplification.

Research on Recognition of the Two-Dimensional Barcode

2012 ◽  
Vol 546-547 ◽  
pp. 582-587
Author(s):  
Xiao Wu Zhang ◽  
Wen Xing Bao ◽  
Hui Pu
Keyword(s):  
Projection Algorithm ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Bar Code ◽  
Error Ratio ◽  
Bit Error Ratio ◽  
Blurred Images ◽  
The Impact

Based on barcode PDF417 image’s characteristics, in order to improve the recognition of bar code, and reduce the bit error ratio, we proposed two methods. One way is to separate the calculation of the width of barcode’s unit from the extract codeword, another is the Recognition of bar blank sequence by using projection algorithm. Thereby, both methods reduce the impact of blurred images made by noisy pollution; the test proved that these two methods can deal with contaminated barcode image effectively.

scholarly journals RISK- ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSTIC DIAGNOSIS DURING OPERATION OF SELF-PROPELLED LOADING CRANES OF THE ARROW TYPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (154) ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
О. Skrypnyk ◽  
V. Abrakitov ◽  
A. Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Current Time ◽  
The Impact

The problem of managing the safe operation of hoisting machines with an expired service life is associated with solving extremely complex interrelated tasks through a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at establishing the actual risk and economic feasibility of further operation. The most important condition in this case is the conduct of an expert examination of industrial safety and technical diagnostics, the results of which make it possible to establish the real state of hoisting machines at the current time. The safety of hoisting machines, including after the expiration of the standard service life (assigned resource), is associated with design features, workmanship, installation quality, their operation modes and a number of other factors. However, for heavily loaded hoisting machines, the main technical obstacle to safe operation is metal fatigue The results of a statistical analysis of defects detected by expert diagnosis of self-propelled boom-type cranes that have fulfilled the standard operating period are presented. The largest number of defects is associated with the destruction and wear of structural elements, the occurrence of fatigue cracks and the violation of the operating conditions of the equipment. The greatest number of defects is found in the hydraulic system of cranes, elements of the cable-block system, less often in metal construction. To conduct a risk analysis of self-propelled jib cranes in conditions of insufficient information, a methodology for expert assessments is proposed. It allows you to evaluate the impact of potential defects of self-propelled jib cranes on the amount of economic damage to the crane itself and the transported load and on the magnitude of the traumatic impact on humans. Defects and damage to the metal structures of the cranes discovered during the examinations are the result of the following combination of reasons: low quality of the metal (mild steel); unsatisfactory design; unsatisfactory quality of manufacture and installation of individual elements; environmental aggressiveness; operation of cranes in an unintended mode, poor maintenance and repair Keywords: safety, propelled jib crane, defect, expert assessment, risk analysis, diagnosis.

scholarly journals Current Planning for Internal Audit of Risk Assessment of the Company Activities

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
М. SHYGUN
Keyword(s):  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Working Plan ◽  
The Impact

Lack of management control of the activity risks creates critical operating conditions for the enterprise, in which the financial indicators may change unexpectedly and unfavorably. Avoidance of the risks of an entity's activity is possible if effective interaction is made primarily between economic security and internal audit departments. Productive work of internal auditors to identify, evaluate and reduce the impact of risks on the performance of the enterprise is possible with its proper organization. The article describes the key principles for planning the activities of internal auditors to ensure the quality of audit procedures. Approaches to the organization and planning of the Internal Audit Department's work on identifying risks of the entity's activities, minimizing them and preventing them in the future are disclosed. A working plan for the application of audit procedures in the department of accounting, cashier and warehouse is presented, which demonstrates procedures for identifying and assessing such types of risks as market, payment, currency, financial, tax, credit, loss of assets. The working plan of the audit procedures developed contains the most effective procedures, depending on the objects of the audit, determines the scope of the audit, the procedure of its carrying out, responsible executors, the terms of the procedures. The use of the following suggestions for the planning of internal audit allows to apply qualitatively different forms and methods of audit, types of audit procedures, specialize the audit activities, correctly establish the order of audits, take into account the results of audit in the preparation and approval of various types of enterprise reports.

Bit Error Ratio Performance of 112 Gb/s PM-QPSK Transmission Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Cartledge ◽  
John Downie ◽  
Jason E. Hurley ◽  
Xiaming Zhu ◽  
Ioannis Roudas
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Error Ratio ◽  
Bit Error Ratio

scholarly journals A Digital Twin for Friction Prediction in Dynamic Rubber Applications with Surface Textures

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Valentina Zambrano ◽  
Markus Brase ◽  
Belén Hernández-Gascón ◽  
Matthias Wangenheim ◽  
Leticia A. Gracia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Laser Surface Texturing ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Surface Textures ◽  
Friction Measurements ◽  
Friction Prediction ◽  
The Impact

Surface texturing is an effective method to reduce friction without the need to change materials. In this study, surface textures were transferred to rubber samples in the form of dimples, using a novel laser surface texturing (LST)—based texturing during moulding (TDM) production process, developed within the European Project MouldTex. The rubber samples were used to experimentally determine texture-induced friction variations, although, due to the complexity of manufacturing, only a limited amount was available. The tribological friction measurements were hence combined with an artificial intelligence (AI) technique, i.e., Reduced Order Modelling (ROM). ROM allows obtaining a virtual representation of reality through a set of numerical strategies for problem simplification. The ROM model was created to predict the friction outcome under different operating conditions and to find optimised dimple parameters, i.e., depth, diameter and distance, for friction reduction. Moreover, the ROM model was used to evaluate the impact on friction when manufacturing deviations on dimple dimensions were observed. These results enable industrial producers to improve the quality of their products by finding optimised textures and controlling nominal surface texture tolerances prior to the rubber components production.

Effects of ASE on DPSK Modulation Formats with Different Duty-Ratio in Optical Transmission System

2013 ◽  
Vol 385-386 ◽  
pp. 1595-1598
Author(s):  
Jin Hang Hu ◽  
Ya Lin Guan ◽  
Jin Cai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Fiber Communication ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
Differential Phase Shift ◽  
Fiber Communication ◽  
Error Ratio ◽  
Bit Error Ratio ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
The Impact

In optical networks, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are used to provide a wide and flat gain spectrum. Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) emitted from EDFA adds to signal and grows rapidly. This accumulated ASE noise may limit the effective amplification due to saturation effect and affects the receivers bit error ratio (BER). In this paper, we show the impact of ASE noise in transmission fiber by using three different modulation formats: 33%DPSK, 66%DPSK and DPSK. In recent years, optical fiber communication system began to use the DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying) format to replace the traditional OOK format, which has been intensively investigated in numerical and experimental works.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Nonlinear Phase Noise in Single-channel Coherent 16-QAM Systems Employing Logistic Regression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romulo de Paula ◽  
Lucas Marim ◽  
Rafael Penchel ◽  
Yessica Rumaldo Bustamante ◽  
Marcelo Francisco Luis Abbade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Phase Noise ◽  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Nonlinear Phase ◽  
Error Ratio ◽  
Bit Error Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
System Operating

Abstract We propose and analyze a classier based on logistic regression (LR) to mitigate the impact of nonlinear phase noise (NPN) caused by Kerr induced self-phase-modulation in digital coherent systems with single-channel unrepeated links. Simulation results reveal that the proposed approach reduces the bit error ratio (BER) in a 100-km-long 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) system operating at 56-Gbps. Thus, the BER is reduced from 6.88·10 -4 when using maximum likelihood to 4.27·10 -4 after applying the LR-based classification, representing an increase of 0.36 dB in the effective Q-factor. This performance enhancement is achieved with only 624 operations per symbol, which can be easily parallelized into 16 lines of 39 operations.

scholarly journals Analisis Kualitas Jaringan Akses Tembaga Terhadap Layanan Speedy Studi Kasus Di PT.Telkom,Tbk Divisi Access Site Operation Purwokerto

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Wahyu Pamungkas ◽  
Nunung Sadtomo ◽  
Erlinda Febrianingtyas
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Digital Subscriber Line ◽  
Access Technology ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Error Ratio ◽  
Network Media ◽  
Bit Error Ratio ◽  
Network Quality

The development of fast evolving telecomunication technologies starting from communications cable to wireless communications. One of the communication cable for data is a technology Asymetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL). ADSL technology is an access technology that enable data communications, voice and video simultaneously at cooper access network media. Speedy service is one example of the use of ADSL technology. Telkom Speedy offers internet access speeds ranging from 384 Kbps for downstream speed and 3 Mbps for upstream speed. Speed of access internet is affected by the quality of the network. Parameters that effect the quality of network are : attenuation, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Packet Loss, Bit Error Ratio (BER), jitter and time to life (TTL). In this study analysis of network quality affected by these parameters were measured advance to the quality of the network by using the EMBASSY software, while the perform measurements speedtest by using internal web aplications PT.Telkom,Tbk. After measurement is complete then performed the analysis for determine network quality. Based on observations can be known on the upload and download speed the capacity of 384 Kbps, 1024 Kbps and 3 Mbps. Of these three on capacity can be known to the average percentage of the upload speed is found to be 83,33 %, while the percentage of download speeds is found to be 76,67 %

scholarly journals The Optimal Carrier-Secret Ratio for Wireless Covert Channels Based on Constellation Shaping Modulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sen Qiao ◽  
Guangjie Liu ◽  
Xiaopeng Ji ◽  
Weiwei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Total Power ◽  
Covert Communication ◽  
Transmission Performance ◽  
Covert Channels ◽  
Constellation Shaping ◽  
Communication Technique ◽  
Error Ratio ◽  
Bit Error Ratio ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

Wireless covert communication is an emerging communication technique that prevents eavesdropping. This paper considers the bit error ratio (BER) problem of covert communication based on constellation shaping modulation (CSM). The impact of carrier-secret ratio (CSR) on BER is studied and the approximate solution of optimal CSR is obtained. Then, we extended the conclusion to typical communication scenarios with one and more relays where the undetectability and reliability were analyzed and inspected. It is proved that there also exists the optimal CSR in scenarios with relays. Additionally, it is found that the undetectability under the constraints of constant total power depends on the eavesdropper’s position, and we found an undetectability deterioration area (UDA) in the scenario of relays. Simulation results show the existence of optimal CSR and its impact on transmission performance.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL HEREDITY ON INDICATORS OF RELIABILITY, DURABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF ELEMENTS OF GAS TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kotukh ◽  
Natalia Kaptsova ◽  
Dmitry Donskoy ◽  
Kateryna Paleyeva
Keyword(s):  
Technological Property ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Main Pipeline ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Technological Heredity ◽  
Pipe Fittings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Required Quality

Modern gas transmission systems are power facilities based on a main pipeline, which is a continuous pipe, along which devices are placed that provide gas pumping at predetermined parameters. Unlike other linear structures, such as roads, railways, the main pipeline throughout the entire period of operation is in a complex stress state under the influence of the internal pressure of the pumped product and functions as a pressure vessel. The operational reliability, durability and environmental safety of gas transmission systems are ensured by various control devices and pipe fittings. The article discusses issues related to predicting the operation of pipe fittings during the operation of the gas transmission system, while ensuring the required reliability, durability and environmental safety. An analysis of the phenomena of technical heredity is given, with the help of which it is possible to determine the causes of deviations in the output parameters of pipe fittings in the process of their manufacture or repair. It has been proved that the main feature of technological heredity is the transfer of a certain technological property from the previous technological operation to subsequent ones, characterized by the transfer coefficient of technological heredity. An indispensable condition for the monotonicity of changes in the transmission coefficient of technological heredity in order to ensure the required quality of manufacture or repair of pipe fittings is revealed. The economic principle of predicting the quality of manufacturing or repair of products is proposed for use, a relationship is found between the initial and output technological properties of pipe fittings, a route is chosen to achieve the required quality of its manufacture or repair, including procurement and finishing technological operations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document