scholarly journals Determination of Recent Movements of Lithosphere in Regions with Chemogenic Sediments on the Surface in the Dinarides Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Almin Đapo ◽  
Boško Pribičević ◽  
Lidija Špiranec
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Isostatic Equilibrium ◽  
Tectonic Movements ◽  
Chemical Sediments ◽  
Carbonate Deposits ◽  
Significant Mass

Abstract In the area of carbonate or karst Dinarides, besides the dominant carbonate rocks and subordinate clastics, in more places more significant mass of chemical sediments can be found, represented by gypsum and anhydrite. As chemical sediments are specifically lighter than overlying rocks, they have been, during the long geological history, trying to achieve isostatic equilibrium, or get out on the ground surface. In recent times, in areas with chemical sediments, a larger tectonic activity is noted than in the wider environment. This is certainly reflected in increased vertical and tangential displacements along major faults in relation to the surrounding area, which are built mainly of carbonate deposits. Determining the amount of movement of diapiric bodies, as absolute and relative, using the most modern surveying methods, precisely would assist the understanding of the tectonic movements and recent structural relations in a wider area

Determination of the Recent Tectonic Movements Using GPS and Insar Methods; The First Results From the Eastern Part of the Gediz Graben

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih POYRAZ ◽  
Orhan TATAR ◽  
Kemal Özgür HASTAOĞLU ◽  
İbrahim TİRYAKİOĞLU ◽  
Önder GÜRSOY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Results ◽  
Tectonic Movements

scholarly journals Active tectonics around the Mediterranean region: site studies and application of new methodologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cucci ◽  
Paolo Marco De Martini ◽  
Eulalia Masana ◽  
Kris Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
Tectonic Movements

<p>More than 25 years have passed since the definition of Active Tectonics as "tectonic movements that are expected to occur within a future time span of concern to society", formulated in a milestone book by the National Research Council on this topic (Studies in Geophysics, Active Tectonics, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1986), and those words have still to be considered the most suitable and exhaustive way to explain this branch of the Earth Sciences. Indeed only bridging together basic studies ("tectonic movements"), rates of occurrence ("time span") and hazard assessment ("society") can we fully evaluate ongoing tectonic activity and its associated hazards. The broad Mediterranean Sea region is a paradigmatic area from this point of view, as on one hand this region displays in a relatively limited geographic extent a great variety of tectonic processes such as plate collision, subduction, volcanic activity, large-magnitude earthquakes, active folding and faulting, vertical uplift and/or subsidence. On the other hand, all the above mentioned tectonic processes can potentially affect a total population of about 450 million, mostly concentrated in fast-growing urban areas and/or close to industrial compounds and critical facilities often located nearby hazard sources. […]</p>

scholarly journals Liquefaction Susceptibility of an Earth Dam Foundation: A Case Study 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatem karoui ◽  
Mounir Bouassida
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Dam Foundation ◽  
Liquefaction Susceptibility ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Earth Embankment ◽  
Heterogeneous Foundation

Abstract Sidi El Barrak earth dam is a compacted earth embankment of height 28 m built in 1999 on a heterogeneous foundation with strong dominance of sandy formations. The dam foundation was subjected to several tests to predict its behavior against the liquefaction risk. Standard penetration test (SPT) results served to evaluate the liquefaction risk in an earthquake occurrence. This article, firstly, presents an interpretation of data collected from SPT tests. Determination of liquefaction risk resulted from the empirical methods proposed by Seed & Idriss, (1985) and Idriss & Boulanger, (2008). Obtained results by those methods showed that, for different earthquake magnitudes equal to 5.25, 6 and 6.75, the risk of liquefaction exists in the pure sand layer located between the ground surface and 15 m depth of the foundation of the earth dam. An UBC3D-PLM constitutive model was adopted for studying the numerical response of sand layer subjected to an earthquake of acceleration equal 0.2 g to estimate its liquefaction risk. Recorded SPT data and laboratory tests results served for the determination of geotechnical parameters of this model. From numerical predictions it revealed that the liquefaction risk is greater for an earthquake characterized by an acceleration equal 0.2g.

scholarly journals The seisniicity of Iran. The Silakhor (Luristan) earthquake of 23rd Ianuary, 1909 (Part II)

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. AMBRASEYS
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
Source Mechanisms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Remote Part

This paper shows t h a t given certain conditions it is perfectly feasible to study an earthquake that occurred three-quarters of a century ago in a remote part of the world. Also, it shows that there are many large earthquakes which, because of lack of interdisciplinary efforts to study such events, have remained hitherto little known or totally unknown. The case of the Silakhor earthquake revealed deficiencies in the determination of epicentres by ISS and Gutenberg; the difference between macroseismic and instrumental position for the Silakhor earthquake is 380 kilometres, a difference which lias caused a serious problem in the assessment of seisniicity of Iran. Accurate macroseismic d a t a may be used to minimize bias in t h e instrumental relocation of the larger events and to study source mechanisms. Untili this study was undertaken, the faulting associated with the Silakhor earthquake was totally unknown. Even more important t h a n the value of recent faulting for its significance in resolving ambiguities in t h e choice of the t r u e source parametres, is the information that can be gleaned from evidence for the mechanism of earthquakes that occurred long before t h e advent of modern seismology and in particular, for the pattern of recent tectonic activity.

scholarly journals The -158 site 5' to the G gamma gene and G gamma expression

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1463-1465
Author(s):  
D Labie ◽  
O Dunda-Belkhodja ◽  
F Rouabhi ◽  
J Pagnier ◽  
A Ragusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Area 5 ◽  
Highly Correlated

To test the hypothesis advanced by Gilman and Huisman that the -158 site 5′ to the G gamma gene determines the G gamma expression after the first 4 months of life, we have examined DNA from sickle cell anemia (SS) patients from Africa and beta-thalassemic homozygotes from Algeria. We find that the Xmnl site is strongly linked to the Senegal haplotype among SS patients, to haplotype IX (most probably identical to the Senegal haplotype), and to haplotype III among the Algerian thalassemics. Thalassemics with haplotypes I/I and V/V have no Xmnl site and low G gamma expression. In contrast, beta-thalassemia- associated haplotype II (also characterized by high G gamma expression) fails to exhibit the Xmnl site. We conclude that, although highly correlated, the -158 C----T substitution does not perfectly predict the presence of high G gamma expression. These findings also exclude the possibility that the Xmnl site is solely involved in the determination of high G gamma expression and suggest that either several different site substitutions in the area 5′ to the gamma gene might have the same effect or that, alternatively, the Xmnl site and its surrounding area is not involved in G gamma expression and may be only in linkage disequilibrium with a controlling sequence elsewhere.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Speciation in Surface Waters by Ion Chromatography With High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Packa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Total P ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Phosphorus (P) containing compounds, depending on their origin, can enter freshwater systems in variety of forms. Utilization of bioavailable P, a key nutrient in living organisms, is a crucial factor in biological productivity in aquatic environment¹. An increase in the P concentration in water, resulting from both natural and anthropogenic processes, can lead to eutrophication and an excessive growth of vegetative biomass. Determination of organic and inorganic P species in ground, surface and waster is an important part of water quality control and monitoring². Analytical determination of P compounds, quantification, identification (Chapter 2) and P speciation process can be problematic due to P adsorption on storage containers, sulfate interference, presence of acid hydrolysable P species and colloidal matter, association of both inorganic and organic phosphates with iron, manganese and aluminum, biological uptake of P. Such processes have to be considered when designing an analytical procedure for analysis of P species. Analytical P compound separation by ion chromatography with mass spectrometry/Orbitrap technology for compound detection (Chapter 3) is a powerful technology with highly sensitive and selective properties capable of performing P speciation in one analytical run. Selectivity of the Orbitrap detector also allows for utilization of isotope dilution technique which can compensate for loss of P compounds during storage and transportation and thus increase accuracy of measurements and holding time of sample matrices. Analytical techniques used in the past were able to determine broad P-fractions, such as total P, total P or functional groups of inorganic and organic P compounds. Identification of variety of specific P-containing compounds of inorganic and organic origin by the methodology used in this thesis in combination with multivariate statistical analysis can be used to explain the large sets of intercorrelated analytical variables with a smaller set of independent variables (Chapter 4) and help in source identification in water pollution studies³.

Determination of coefficient of friction between the equine foot and different ground surfaces: an in vitro study

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas J Vos ◽  
Dirk J Riemersma
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Gravity Force ◽  
Uniform Motion ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Equine Industry

AbstractSlippery surfaces are a continuous concern in equine veterinary practice during both treatment and orthopaedic work-ups, especially when horses have to trot on circles. Sliding of the equine foot on the ground with the potential of injury is prevented if the horizontally acting accelerating or decelerating forces on the foot do not exceed maximal friction. Friction can be calculated and therefore anticipated if the coefficient of friction (μ) between the foot of the horse and the particular ground surface is known. Friction between shod and unshod cadaver equine hooves and different ground surfaces (concrete, tarmac and rubber) was determined by pulling the hooves horizontally in a uniform motion. Horizontal forces (Fh) were measured on a force plate and with a portable digital electronic force meter. The coefficient of friction (μ) was calculated as the quotient between Fh and the gravity force (N) of the object, hence: μ = Fh /N. This study has shown that the coefficient of friction between equine hooves and a specific ground surface can be determined using a portable digital force meter or a force plate. Friction significantly depended not only on the type of surface but also on shoeing of the equine foot. Bare feet showed more friction with the hard surfaces (bricks and tarmac), the shod feet showing more friction with the rubber surfaces. Coefficients of friction could be used to estimate the possibility of injuries occurring in the equine industry during exercise and/or lameness or pre-purchase examinations.

Determination of the Ultrasonic Velocity on a Recent and Aged Pine Wood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Carreon ◽  
Mayra Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Velocity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Ultrasonic Emission ◽  
Significant Mass

Abstract Aging in wood is the inevitable modification of physical and mechanical properties due to deterioration caused by different factors such as organisms that destroy wood, photodegradation, weathering or long-term loading. During the wood degradation process, significant mass, stiffness and strength are lost. Therefore, it is relevant to monitor the wood decomposition process to guarantee the structural requirements in buildings. This research work aims to report the influence of degradation in wood due to deterioration through the use of ultrasonic measurements. Longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic velocities were calculated using the ultrasonic emission-transmission technique for aged and unaged Mexican pine (Pinus Strobus) wood. The experimental measurements were carried out using longitudinal and shear wave ultrasonic transducers with a center frequency of 1.0 MHz and 0.5MHz respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to establish a direct correlation with the behavior of the ultrasonic wave developed in naturally aged and unaged wood. Measurements revealed higher ultrasonic velocity values for unaged wood samples in longitudinal, tangential and radial directions compared to aged wood samples, but no significant differences were found in all other wood directions.

scholarly journals Recent active faults in Belgian Ardenne revealed in Rochefort Karstic network (Namur Province, Belgium)

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vandycke ◽  
Y. Quinif
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Regional Stress ◽  
Bedding Planes ◽  
Local Modification ◽  
A Minor

AbstractThis paper presents observations of recent faulting activity in the karstic network of the Rochefort Cave (Namur Province, Belgium, Europe). The principal recent tectonic features are bedding planes reactivated as normal faults, neo-formatted normal faults in calcite flowstone, fresh scaling, extensional features, fallen blocks and displacement of karstic tube. The seismo-tectonic aspect is expanded by the presence of fallen blocks where normally the cavity must be very stable and in equilibrium. Three main N 070° fault planes and a minor one affect, at a decimetre scale, the karst features and morphology. The faults are still active because recent fresh scaling and fallen blocks are observable. The breaking of Holocene soda straw stalactites and displacements of artificial features observed since the beginning of the tourist activity, in the last century, also suggest very recent reactivation of these faults. This recent faulting can be correlated to present-day tectonic activity, already evidenced by earthquakes in the neighbouring area. Therefore, karstic caves are favourable sites for the observation and the quantification of recent tectonic activity because they constitute a 3-D framework, protected from erosion. Fault planes with this recent faulting present slickensides. Thus a quantitative analysis in term of stress inversion, with the help of striated faults, has permitted to reconstruct the stress tensor responsible for the brittle deformation. The principal NW-SE extension (σ3 horizontal) is nearly perpendicular to that of the present regional stress as illustrated by the analysis of the last strong regional earthquake (Roermond, The Netherlands) in 1992. During the Meso-Cenozoic, the main stress tectonics recorded in this part of the European platform is similar to the present one with a NE-SW direction of extension.The discrepancy between the regional stress field and the local stress in the Rochefort cave can be the result of the inversion of the σ2 and σ3 axes of the stress ellipsoid due to its symmetry or of a local modification at the ground surface of the crustal stress field as it has been already observed in active zones.

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