Soil nematode community changes associated with windfall and wildfire in forest soil at the High Tatras National Park, Slovak Republic

AbstractThe paper presents research findings on the influence of windfall and wildfire on nematode communities in Lariceto-Piceetum forest in the High Tatras in Slovakia. Comparison was made of an intact (REF), affected and extracted (EXT), non-extracted (NEX) and burnt (FIR) forest stand. A total of 55 species belonging to 36 genera were found. The EXT locality harboured the majority of the identified species, but the highest abundance of nematodes was observed in the FIR locality. Bacterial feeders were the dominant trophic group in all investigated plots. In the REF bacterial feeders were followed by root-fungal feeders, fungal feeders and omnivores, in the EXT by omnivores and plant parasites, in the FIR by omnivores and root-fungal feeders and in the NEX by fungal feeders and omnivores. The MI and SI were higher in the REF and the EXT compared to those in the FIR and the NEX, the highest B/F ratio was observed in the FIR and the highest EI was found in the REF. We can conclude that disturbance of forest vegetation and soil has had a clear and demonstrable impact on nematode communities.

Download Full-text

Seasonal fluctuations of the nematode communities in a hop garden soil

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-010-0018-7 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 115-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Renčo ◽

M. Lišková ◽

A. Čerevková

Keyword(s):

Slovak Republic ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Seasonal Fluctuation ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Garden Soil ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Seasonal Fluctuations ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Soil Nematode Community ◽

Nematode Abundance

AbstractA study on the seasonal fluctuation of nematode population was conducted during three vegetation periods (2005 – 2007), at 20 and 40 cm soil depth, from May to October, in a hop garden at Nemšová (Slovak Republic). The seasonal fluctuation of the nematode population was related to temperature and rainfall. At 20 cm soil depth of each year, the largest nematode population was recorded in July, and the smallest from July to October. At 40 cm soil depth, nematode abundance was not significantly different between the years 2006 and 2007. In general, at the same depth, a decrease of nematode abundance was observed from May to October. The soil nematode community was rich in bacteriovorous nematodes, especially in the top 20 cm soil. The genus Rhabditis was the eudominant taxon at both soil depths. This genus with the genera Cephalobus, Heterodera, Merlinius and Aglenchus represented the 50 % of the total nematode population at 20 cm soil depth and with the genera Cephalobus, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera and Merlinius represented the 52 % of total nematodes abundance at 40 cm depth.

Download Full-text

Soil nematode assemblages in an acid soil as affected by lime application

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00002860 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 179-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jie Zhao ◽

Cancan Zhao ◽

Songze Wan ◽

Xiaoli Wang ◽

Lixia Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Soil ◽

Trophic Group ◽

Nematode Community ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Soil Nematode Community ◽

Lime Application ◽

Statistical Approaches ◽

Over Time ◽

Soil Nematode Communities

Liming can affect soil biota through alterations in soil pH and soil structure. Many earlier studies monitored the responses of soil nematode communities to lime application but they did not come to a consensus and did not use indices of soil nematode community and multivariate statistical approaches developed over the past two decades. The present research explored the short-term effects of lime application on soil nematode communities in an acrisol in three Eucalyptus plantations in southern China. Nematodes were sampled from control and lime-treated plots at three periods from October 2011 to February 2012 at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil depths. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that lime application significantly reduced the abundance of herbivores at 10-20 cm depth during the study. Lime application tended to increase the bacterivore index at 0-10 cm depth over time. Principal response curves of soil nematode community structure, in terms of nematode trophic group composition, revealed that the differences between control and lime application treatments increased over time, primarily because of the decline of fungivores in plots treated with lime. The decline in fungivores resulted mainly from declines of Filenchus and Ditylenchus. The results suggest that the fungal-mediated decomposition channel in the soil food web was suppressed by lime application. Our study also demonstrated that the sensitivity of different nematode genera to lime application varied widely, even for genera within the same trophic group. In particular, the abundance of several bacterivorous genera (Prismatolaimus, Plectus, Wilsonema, Protorhabditis, Diploscapter and Heterocephalobus) gradually declined and that of Rhabditonema at 0-10 cm depth gradually increased following lime application during the study; two herbivorous genera, Trophotylenchulus and Helicotylenchus, had opposite responses to lime application at 0-10 cm depth. Integrating univariate statistical approaches with multivariate approaches facilitated the analysis of soil nematode responses to lime application.

Download Full-text

Soil nematode community characteristics around the Gangue hill of Fushun West Open-pit mine

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-011-0018-2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 116-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

W. Zhang ◽

Y. Xiao ◽

X. Wang ◽

Y. Lv

Keyword(s):

Trophic Group ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Open Pit Mine ◽

Open Pit ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Healthy Development ◽

Soil Nematode Community ◽

Single Factor Analysis ◽

Nematode Abundance ◽

Almost All

AbstractDiversity and nematode abundance were investigated in soils collected around the Gangue hill of Fushun West open-pit mine to evaluate soil pollution, due to heavy metals contents, using nematodes as bioindicators. Nematodes were collected from soil samples using elutriate-sievingflotation and centrifugation methods. The species richness and ecological indices were analyzed. On the base of chemical and nematological analysis, the results indicated that the area around the Gangue hill of Fushun West Openpit mine was polluted by heavy metal, but the degree of pollution was not very serious. According to the results obtained from single-factor analysis, cadmium soil content was ten times higher than the background; 29 genera of nematodes were identified and Acrobeloides, Cervidellus and Mesorhabtidis were the dominant genera in almost all sampling sites. The dominant genera were different as the distances to the Gangue hill changed. In particular, in the investigated areas bacterivores and plant-parasites nematodes were more diffuse than fungivores and omnivorepredators. Copper soil content was significantly correlated with plant parasitic trophic group and with total number of nematodes, thus suggesting that nematode communities studies are important scientific basis for understanding the healthy development of soil ecosystem.

Download Full-text

Impact of biochar amendment on soil nematode communities in a West African rain-fed rice cropland

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10121 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Segun O. Oladele ◽

Adebayo Adeyemo ◽

Moses Awodun ◽

Ajoke Adegaye ◽

Mariko Ingold

Keyword(s):

Trophic Group ◽

West African ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Trophic Groups ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Study Results ◽

Inorganic Fertiliser ◽

Plant Parasitic

Summary Nematode population and diversity in a West African rain-fed rice cropland amended with biochar (B), biochar plus inorganic fertiliser (B + NPK), inorganic fertiliser (NPK) and control (CK) without amendments were investigated in a 3-year field study. Results demonstrated that significant differences exist between treatments and years of study for total nematode population and nematode trophic groups. Total nematode density, nematode trophic group (bacterivore and plant-parasitic) density were increased and dominant in B + NPK compared with CK after 3 years. Relative abundance of nematode genera according to trophic group across treatments showed Hirschmanniella (23%) as the dominant plant parasites in NPK, and Heterocephalobus (27%), Aphelenchoides (22%) and Eudorylaimus (9%) as dominant bacterivores, fungivores and omnivores-predators, respectively, in B + NPK. Trophic group indicators showed that the fungivore plus bacterivore to plant-parasitic ratio (73%) was significantly increased by B + NPK treatment in comparison to CK. Conversely, treatments exerted no significant effect on the fungivore to bacterivore ratio (F/B) throughout the period of study, which implies less disturbance and adverse impact of biochar on nematode communities. Apart from treatments and environmental factors, changes in nematode trophic groups were strongly related to soil chemical properties, such as soil pH, total nitrogen and available phosphorus, which shows their influence on soil nematode community. Our result shows the positive effect of integrated addition of biochar and inorganic fertiliser in balancing nematode diversity and building a resilient soil ecosystem in a low input rain-fed rice cropping system.

Download Full-text

Dynamics of Soil Nematode Communities Revealed Significant Variation in Greenhouse with Different Continuous Cropping Years

10.1101/593541 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xueliang Tian ◽

Xiaoman Zhao ◽

Zhenchuan Mao ◽

Bingyan Xie

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Growing Season ◽

Continuous Cropping ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Dominant Group ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Soil Nematode Community ◽

Soil Nematode Communities

AbstractContinuous cropping usually resulted in a series of soil problems, especially root knot nematode disaster in greenhouse because of imbalance in soil nematode community. However, the dynamic change in soil nematode community in greenhouse with various continuous cropping years during plant growing season is unclear. Here, soil nematode communities in greenhouse after 2 and 10 years of continuous cropping were comparatively analyzed using 18S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to reveal the changing processes in soil nematode communities. Compared to the 2-year greenhouse, soil in the 10-year greenhouse showed soil acidification, nutrients accumulation, salinization. In term of α-diversity, Bacterial-feeding nematodes (BF) were dominant in the 2-year greenhouse over the whole growing season, but plant-parasitic nematodes (PP) became the dominant group in the 10-year greenhouse in the late growing season.Meloidogynegradually became the dominant group (Relative abundance 70.9%) in the 10-year greenhouse, whileRhabditidae(Relative abundance from 99.8% to 26.8%) was the predominant members in the 2-year greenhouse. For β-diversity, hierarchical clustering analysis, unWeighted UniFrac principal component analysis (PCA) and principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) all revealed that soil nematode communities in the two types of greenhouses exhibited significant differences. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil nematode communities in the 10-year greenhouse were related to high soil organic material, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity and disease index of root knot nematode. Fisher’ exact test and Pearson correlation coefficients revealed thatMeloidogynecaused main differences in soil nematode communities between the two types of greenhouses. Meanwhile, population dynamics ofMeloidogynewere divided into dormant phase, low-level increasing phase and exponential phase during the whole season. In total, the significant variation led different dynamics of soil nematode communities in the 2-year and 10-year greenhouse.

Download Full-text

Short-term effects of cadmium and mercury on soil nematode communities in a pot experiment

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/helm-2020-0015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 145-153

Author(s):

Y. Lü ◽

X. Chen ◽

W.F. Xue ◽

W.D. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Trophic Group ◽

Life History Strategies ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Short Term ◽

Pollution Effects ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Significant Difference

SummaryAnalysis of soil nematode feeding groups and functional guilds were used as a valuable tool to detect heavy metal pollution. Effects of cadmium (Cd) at 5 mg/kg, mercury (Hg) at 20mg/kg, combined Cd and Hg at 5+20mg/kg on the nematode communities were studied after three months application. Nematodes were collected from soil in rhizosphere of Morning glories (Pharhiris nil) which were applied as heavy metal accumulators and were grown in the experimental pots. Both single and combined heavy metals had marked effects on the nematode abundance, life-history strategies and feeding type composition. Bacteriovores and c-p 2 group were found to be the most abundant trophic group and functional guild, respectively. Acrobeloides and Pratylenchus were the most two abundant genera, decreasing number of them was responsible for the significant difference between control and polluted treatments. Cd-5 and Cd-Hg 5+20 presented lower values of nematode diversity index (H’) and evenness index (J’) than Hg-20. The combination of Cd and Hg showed lower nematode trophic diversity (TD), in comparison with single Cd or Hg. Conversely, heavy metals addition exhibited no pronounced effect on Maturity index (MI), structural index (SI) and enrichment index (EI). Our results demonstrate that genera composition is a better indicator to short-term heavy metal effects than some common indicator indices and emphasize that deeper assemblage analyses are needed for a correct interpretation of short-term disturbance on soil nematodes.

Download Full-text

Nature Restoration Shifts the Abundance and Structure of Soil Nematode Communities in Subtropical China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-740625/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jianqing Wang ◽

Yingfeng Zheng ◽

Xiuzhen Shi ◽

Shu Kee Lam ◽

Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Web ◽

Secondary Succession ◽

Forest Stand ◽

Nematode Community ◽

Stand Age ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Soil Food Web ◽

Nature Restoration ◽

Soil Nematode Community ◽

Nematode Abundance

Abstract Aims Soil nematode community is an important component of the soil food web, which has been widely recognized as a key bio-indicator for assessing the influence of nature restoration on ecological functions. However, the dynamics of the abundance, diversity and function of soil nematode community remain unclear under different forest succession phases. Methods The soil nematode community of natural secondary forests was investigated using a chronosequence approach. Nature restoration for five succession stages were sampled in this study to represent a wide range of stand age groups.Results Soil nematode abundance gradually increased with forest stand age, which reached a peak value (574 individuals 100 g-1 dry soil) in the older age classes. In contrast, soil nematode diversity was not affected by forest stand age. Soil available nitrogen and phosphorus were key factors influencing soil nematode abundance and diversity during forest secondary succession. The plant parasite index decreased with forest stand age, which indicated that ecosystem function and health would be improved as nature restoration progresses. In addition, the structure of soil nematode community was more sensitive to forest secondary succession compared to plant community and soil microbial community. The bottom-up effects of the plant and microbial communities on soil nematode community were important drivers of nematode community structure in subtropical forests. Conclusions Overall, this study demonstrates the active responses of soil nematode community to nature restoration, and highlights the importance of the above-ground and below-ground interactions to the soil food web.

Download Full-text

Seasonal Stabilities of Soil Nematode Communities and Their Relationships with Environmental Factors in Different Temperate Forest Types on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12020246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 246

Author(s):

Na Huo ◽

Shiwei Zhao ◽

Jinghua Huang ◽

Dezhou Geng ◽

Nan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Web ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Soil Food Web ◽

Food Web Structure ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Web Structure ◽

Soil Nematode Community ◽

Nematode Abundance ◽

Soil Nematode Communities

The bottom-up effects of vegetation have been documented to be strong drivers of the soil food web structure and functioning in temperate forests. However, how the forest type affects the stability of the soil food web is not well known. In the Ziwuling forest region of the Loess Plateau, we selected three typical forests, Pinus tabuliformis Carrière (PT), Betula platyphylla Sukaczev (BP), and Quercus liaotungensis Koidz. (QL), to investigate the soil nematode community characteristics in the dry (April) and rainy (August) season, and analyzed their relationships with the soil properties. The results showed that the characteristics of the soil nematode communities and their seasonal variations differed markedly among the forest types. Compared to P. tabuliformis (PT), the B. platyphylla (BP) and Q. liaotungensis (QL) forests had higher plant diversity and more easily decomposed litters, which were more effective for improving the soil resource availability, thus, leading to more beneficial effects on the soil nematode community. In both the dry and rainy season, the soil nematode abundance was the highest in the BP forest. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’), Pielou’s evenness index (J’), and nematode channel ratio index (NCR) were higher, while the Simpson dominance index (λ) and plant parasite index (PPI) were lower, in the BP and QL forests compared with in the PT forest. From the dry to rainy season, the total nematode abundance and the abundance of fungivores, bacterivores, and omnivore-predators, significantly increased in the QL and PT forests, and the values of the Wasilewska index (WI), maturity index (MI), H’, J’, λ, and NCR showed the most significant seasonal variability in the PT forest, which were mainly driven by changes in the soil labile C and N and the moisture content between the two seasons. Generally, the seasonal stability of the soil nematode communities was the highest in the BP forest and the poorest in the PT forest, probably due to variations in the plant diversity. Our results suggest the importance of tree species and diversity as bottom-up regulating factors of the soil food web structure, function, and seasonal stability, which has important implications for sustainable forest management in the Loess Plateau and other temperate regions.

Download Full-text

Large-Scale Patterns of Soil Nematodes across Grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau: Relationships with Climate, Soil and Plants

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13080369 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 369

Author(s):

Han Chen ◽

Shuaiwei Luo ◽

Guixin Li ◽

Wanyanhan Jiang ◽

Wei Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Large Scale ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Soil Nematodes ◽

Soil Factors ◽

Alpine Meadows ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Soil Nematode Community ◽

Genus Richness

Soil nematodes are important contributors to soil biodiversity. Nonetheless, the distribution patterns and environmental drivers of soil nematode communities are poorly understood, especially at the large scale, where multiple environmental variables covary. We collected 520 soil samples from 104 sites representing alpine meadow and steppe ecosystems. First, we explored the soil nematode community characteristics and compared community patterns between the ecosystems. Then, we examined the contributions of aboveground and belowground factors on these patterns. The genus richness and abundance of nematodes on the Tibetan Plateau are lower than other alpine ecosystems, but are comparable to desert or polar ecosystems. Alpine meadows supported a higher nematode abundance and genus richness than alpine steppes; bacterial-based energy channels were pre-dominant in both the ecosystems. Soil factors explained the most variation in the soil nematode community composition in the alpine meadows, while plant factors were as essential as soil factors in the alpine steppes. Unexpectedly, the climate variables barely impacted the nematode communities. This is the first study to explore the spatial patterns of soil nematode compositions on the Tibetan Plateau, and we found that the contributions of climate, plants, and soil properties on soil nematodes community were essentially different from the previous knowledge for well-studied plant and animal communities.

Download Full-text

Effects of the invasive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) on nematode communities in natural grasslands

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003314 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 423-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jana Jurová ◽

Marek Renčo ◽

Erika Gömöryová ◽

Andrea Čerevková

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Plant Species ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Native Plant ◽

Asclepias Syriaca ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Natural Grasslands ◽

Wide Range

Summary Thousands of plant species have been introduced, both deliberately and accidentally, to native ecosystems across the globe. The common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca, is an invasive fast-growing plant species that has invaded natural and managed areas in Europe in recent years. However, only a few studies have investigated its impacts on above-ground and below-ground native biota. Soil nematodes are considered to be the most abundant metazoans, comprising different trophic groups. We examined soil nematode populations on several independent sites invaded and non-invaded by A. syriaca in southern Slovak Republic. We hypothesised that alteration of above-ground nutrient sources caused by invasion would alter nematode abundance, species diversity and trophic structure. Our study revealed that the nematode communities were not negatively affected by A. syriaca invasion over a period of two vegetation seasons. The most surprising results were that common milkweed did not decrease the abundance of plant parasites, bacterivores or fungivores and did not affect species diversity. Moreover, basic physicochemical soil parameters were similar in both invaded and non-invaded sites, although there is evidence that invasive milkweed considerably decreases native plant species cover. It is thus reasonable to conclude that A. syriaca does not pose a threat to soil nematode communities but has a negative impact on native plants. As there is an absence of nematological studies from A. syriaca-invaded ecosystems and considering it has invaded a wide range of habitats, it is impossible to generalise our findings and further studies are required.

Download Full-text