scholarly journals Nematicidal effect of chestnut tannin solutions on the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Barhens

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Renčo ◽  
N. Sasanelli ◽  
I. Papajová ◽  
L. Maistrello
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractRecently, tannins have been reported for their nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica both in vitro and in pot experiments in addition to a biocidal effect on a wide range of fungi, bacteria and yeasts. However, no information is available on the effect of these polyphenols on plant parasitic cyst nematodes. Therefore, an in vitro and a pot experiments on potato were undertaken to investigate the nematicidal activity of tannin aqueous solutions at different concentrations on the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. In the in vitro experiment different tannin concentrations in a geometric scale (from 0.32 to 20.48 g/l) were tested for their effect on the egg hatch of the nematode. All tested tannin concentrations were effective to reduce egg viability from 56 to 87%, in comparison to the untreated control. In the pot experiment, tannins, as aqueous solutions at rates of 100, 250 and 450 g/m2, were applied to soil at two different application times (at sowing and at sowing and two weeks later). All tested doses were effective to reduce the number of cyst/100 g soil, eggs and juveniles/g soil and reproduction rate in comparison to untreated control. The number of eggs and juveniles/cyst was not influenced by the different applied rates of tannins.

scholarly journals Effects of bacterial endophytes from potato roots and tubers on potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOOR ISTIFADAH ◽  
NURHAYATI PRATAMA ◽  
SYAHRIZAL TAQWIM ◽  
TOTO SUNARTO
Keyword(s):  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Bacterial Endophyte ◽  
Potato Growth

Istifadah N, Pratama N, Taqwim S, Sunarto T. 2018. Effects of bacterial endophytes from potato roots and tubers on potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis). Biodiversitas 19: 47-51. Bacterial endophytes are bacteria that inhabit plant tissues without causing any diseases. The endophytes existence may have negative, neutral, or positive effects on the host plants. This paper discusses the effects of bacterial endophytes isolated from potato roots and tubers on potato growth and their abilities to suppress potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis. The bacterial endophytes were isolated from roots and tubers of potatoes obtained from six plantation areas in West Java. The endophyte isolates were examined for their effects on potato growth. The non-pathogenic isolates were tested for their abilities to suppress G. rostochiensis in vitro and in potato plants. The results showed that from 88 bacterial endophyte isolates obtained, 13 isolates caused rot in potato seed pieces, 22 isolates inhibited the potato growth, while, 2 isolates increased the growth, and as many as 51 isolates did not influence the growth. The in vitro test using the isolate culture filtrate revealed that there were seven isolates that caused mortality of G. rostochiensis juvenile-2 by 67.5-97.7%. These isolates, however, were not effective in damaging the nematode eggs. In the greenhouse experiment, the bacterial endophyte isolates suppressed the number of cysts by 51.7-65.4% and that of the juvenile-2 of G. rostochiensis by 48.6-76.4%.

scholarly journals The Golden Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera rostochiensis Pathotype Ro1 in the Saint-Amable Regulated Area in Quebec, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1510-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mahran ◽  
S. Turner ◽  
T. Martin ◽  
Q. Yu ◽  
S. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Randomized Design

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behren, is an economically important parasite of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum) and is recognized as a quarantine pest internationally (2). This pest attacks potato plants and causes stunting of the haulm and the root system, leaf yellowing, and tuber yield losses (2). The pathotype scheme proposed by Kort et al. distinguishes five pathotypes (Ro1, Ro2, Ro3, Ro4, and Ro5) of G. rostochiensis using differential Solanum clones (1). Several resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) that have been identified in wild Solanum species confer resistance to different G. rostochiensis pathotypes and have been introgressed into commercial potato cultivars (2). Determining G. rostochiensis pathotype(s) is essential to implement efficient management strategies, which include using resistant potato varieties. G. rostochiensis was discovered in the municipality of Saint-Amable, Quebec (QC), Canada in 2006 (3) and was subsequently characterized (4). In this study, cysts were collected from 11 representative infested fields and confirmed to be G. rostochiensis (3). The pathotypes of these nematodes were assessed on seven differential clones (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum cv. Desiree, S. tuberosum × S. andigena cv. Maris Piper, S. kurtzianum hybrid 60.21.19, S. vernei hybrid 62.33.3, S. vernei hybrid 58.1642/4, S. vernei hybrid 65.346/19, and S. multidissectum hybrid P55/7) in 2007 and 2009. Briefly, in each 1-liter plastic pot containing 907 g (2 lbs) of soil (3:1 loam/grit v v-1), a single differential Solanum clone was planted and 15 cysts from 1 of 11 fields were inoculated. Five replicates were set up for each Solanum-nematode combination and the pots were arranged in a completely randomized design in a greenhouse at 22°C with a 16-h light period per day. Nine weeks after inoculation, cysts were extracted from each pot and counted. Reproduction factor (Rf) for each replicate was calculated (Rf = Pf/Pi; Pf is the final cyst number and Pi is the initial cyst number added to each pot). Rf values were used to categorize the differential clones into two groups, “susceptible” leading to increase in nematode numbers (Rf > 1) and “resistant” resulting in decrease in nematode numbers (Rf ≤ 1) (1). Our results in 2007 and 2009 were consistent and the pathotype of the nematodes collected from all the fields were identified as Ro1. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the pathotype of G. rostochiensis in the Saint-Amable regulated area was identified. Accordingly, potato cultivars carrying genes or QTL resistant to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 can be used to reduce the nematode numbers in infested fields in the Saint-Amable area, QC. References: (1) J. Kort et al. Nematologica 23:333, 1977. (2) R. J. Marks and B. B. Brodie. Potato Cyst Nematodes: Biology, Distribution, and Control. 1st ed. CAB International, Wallingford, 1998. (3) F. Sun et al. Plant Dis. 91:908, 2007. (4) Q. Yu et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 32:264, 2010.

scholarly journals Resistance and tolerance to potato cyst nematodes among Ukrainian potato cultivars and breeding materials

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
L.A. Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Field Plots

Potato is the fourth important cultivated crop in Ukraine; the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis, Ro1 consists<br />one of the most serious threats to its industry. A total of 3769 cultivars and hybrids were assessed for resistance<br />to G. rostochiensis from 1992 to 2002. On the base of the two-stages assay, resistance was identified at 419 and partial<br />resistance at 90 genotypes, which had inherited resistance from 39 resistant cultivars and 23 hybrids. Resistance of the<br />74 genotypes was confirmed in both greenhouse and field plots; their effectiveness in reduction of population densities<br />of G. rostochiensis varied from 51 to 96% in one season. The tolerance of 5 Ukrainian potato resistant cultivars was<br />investigated in the field plots and all of them were classified as intolerant.

scholarly journals First Report of the Golden Potato Cyst Nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-883
Author(s):  
I. Ostojić ◽  
D. Grubišić ◽  
M. Zovko ◽  
T. Miličević ◽  
T. Gotlin Čuljak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Ware Potato ◽  
Quarantine Species

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behrens, 1975, is the most problematic pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum) worldwide and it is recognized as an A1 plant health quarantine species. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there have been no surveys for the presence of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) in ware potato lands, although they have been documented in the nearby countries of Serbia and Croatia (3). To determine the presence and distribution of PCN and to prevent further spread or increase of PCN populations, a survey in ware potato land was undertaken in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Soil samples consisting of 100 cores of 4 to 5 ml of soil were taken in a grid pattern throughout the plots. Samples of approximately 500 g were processed in the laboratory. The samples were air dried and cysts were extracted using a Spears's flotation method (4) from a 100-ml subsample. Species identification was based on morphometrical characters (2) and real-time PCR where the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS5, PITSr3) region was amplified and detected by the Sequence Dection Software v1.3 (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA) (1). In 2008, soil sampling was conducted in five locations and PCN were not detected in any of 10 soil samples taken. In June 2009, 17 soil samples were collected from seven locations. Two viable cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected in one soil sample from Tihaljina (Zaside; E 6447659.560, N 4797392.101, altitude 130 m). A total of 110 soil samples were collected from 90 locations in May and June 2010. Five viable cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected in one soil sample taken from Čapljina (Opličići – Turajlovina; E 6485169, N 4775964, altitude 222 m). On the basis of the survey results, G. rostochiensis is not widely spread but the cysts are detectable, indicating that the infestation is relatively recent and that there is a threat of further spread of this quarantine species. Consequently, producers need to grow resistant potato cultivars and implement additional control measures to keep the nematode populations below damaging levels. References: (1) J. Bacic et al. Russ. J. Nematol. 16:1, 61, 2008. (2) C. C. Fleming and T. O. Powers. Potato Cyst Nematodes: Biology, Distribution and Control. R. J. Marks and B. B. Brodie, eds.CAB International, Wallingford, 1998. (3) D. Grubišic et al. J. Pest Sci. 80:21, 2007. (4) J. F. Spears. Agr. Handb. No. 353. U.S. Dep. Agric., 1968.

Identification of RFLP markers linked to the H1 gene conferring resistance to the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omaira Pineda ◽  
Merideth W. Bonierbale ◽  
Robert L. Plaisted ◽  
Bill B. Brodie ◽  
Steven D. Tanksley
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Rflp Map ◽  
Starting Point

The H1 gene from Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena confers high levels of resistance to the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis and is used extensively in potato breeding. Using a dihaploid segregating population, a search was conducted for linkage between this gene and markers on the potato/tomato RFLP map. A total of 60 RFLP markers covering the entire genome were screened on bulk resistant and susceptible segregants. Linkage was indicated for eight markers on chromosome 5. Individual plant analysis placed the closest marker, CD78, at a maximum map distance of 2.7 cM from H1. A molecular marker for the H1 should be useful both as a correlative screening tool for incorporation of resistance into new cultivars and as starting point for map-based cloning of this important gene.Key words: Solanum tuberosum, potato, resistance genes, Globodera rostochiensis, H1, RFLP, cyst nematodes.

Allyl isothiocyanate shows promise as a naturally produced suppressant of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, in biofumigation systems

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Wood ◽  
David M. Kenyon ◽  
Julia M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Viability Staining

The ability of isothiocyanates to suppressGlobodera pallidawas evaluated throughin vitroassays. Several isothiocyanates increased juvenile mortality, the most effective being allyl isothiocyanate, which caused 100% mortality at both 25 and 50 ppm after 72 and 24 h exposure, respectively. In a hatching assay, allyl isothiocyanate was able to suppress hatch; in addition, replenishing allyl isothiocyanate every 3 days increased hatch suppression, and viability staining indicated that egg mortality was increased. Allyl isothiocyanate above concentrations of 50 ppm significantly affected both hatch suppression and mortality. Differing effects of isothiocyanates onG. pallidasuggest that their toxicity depends on the pest of interest and this study shows that allyl isothiocyanate is a good candidate for the control of potato cyst nematodes using biofumigation.

The ability of rhizosphere bacteria isolated from nematode host and non-host plants to influence the hatch in vitro of the two potato cyst nematode species, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aileen Ryan ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacillus Spp

AbstractSeventy bacteria, isolated from the rhizosphere of the potato cyst nematode (PCN) host plant, potato, were cultured in the presence and absence of potato root leachate (PRL) and the resultant culture filtrates were analysed for their ability to affect the hatch in vitro of the two PCN species. Of the isolates tested, nine had a significant effect on PCN hatch. Six affected Globodera pallida hatch and three affected G. rostochiensis hatch. Five of the isolates significantly increased hatch only when cultured in the presence of PRL. Three of the isolates decreased PCN hatch significantly in PRL. Only one isolate increased hatch significantly in the absence of PRL. No isolate affected the hatch of both species. Six of the nine isolates that significantly affected PCN hatch had been pre-selected by culturing on PRL. Bacterial isolates from PCN non-hosts (14 from wheat, 17 from sugar beet) were also tested for hatching activity. The principal effect of the hatch-active isolates from the PCN non-host plants was to increase PCN hatch in the presence of PRL. In contrast to the host bacteria results, the isolates from non-host plants affected only G. rostochiensis hatch (three wheat isolates and four sugar beet isolates significantly increased G. rostochiensis hatch); no such isolate affected G. pallida hatch significantly in the presence of PRL. Ten isolates (32%) from non-host plants had the ability to increase significantly the hatch of PCN in the absence of PRL (eight of these affected G. rostochiensis hatch and four affected G. pallida hatch), compared to only one bacterial isolate (1%) from a host plant. The majority of the isolates from non-hosts produced PCN species-specific effects, as with the bacteria isolated from potatoes, although two wheat isolates increased the hatch of both species significantly in the absence of PRL. Of 20 hatch-active bacterial isolates (from all three plants) identified, 70% were Bacillus spp. Other genera identified were Arthrobacter , Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus .

scholarly journals First Report of the Pale Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nježić ◽  
B. Gerič Stare ◽  
S. Širca ◽  
N. Grujić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Infested Field

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), the golden cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Bahrens, and the pale potato cyst nematode G. pallida (Stone) stand out by their remarkable and efficient parasitic adaptations causing high economic losses in potato production worldwide. They are A2 quarantine pests in EPPO countries as well as in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Up to now, only G. rostochiensis was reported from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2011 (1). A systematic survey on the presence of PCN on entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina started in 2011. During the PCN survey, each year 120 soil samples of 1.5 liters were collected in the Republic of Srpska, one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The samples were collected by soil auger 10 cm in length with a diameter of 1.5 cm consisting of 100 cores. Entire samples were processed by Seinhorst elutriator (4). In autumn of 2012, PCN viable cysts were found in two soil samples originating from one field. From one sample, 12 cysts were extracted, and 2 from another sample. The morphology of cysts and second stage juveniles and molecular analysis established the identity of this species as pale cyst nematode G. pallida (3). In addition, the sequencing of the ribosomal DNA region revealed unequivocal similarity to G. pallida (GenBank Accession No. HF968449), while PCR-RFLP analysis (2) showed European type of G. pallida. The infested field is located in Rogatica, 70 km east of Sarajevo, which is one of the main seed and potato production areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The field history revealed that farm-propagated, farm-saved seed potatoes could spread the nematodes to other fields as well. Therefore, 26 additional samples were taken from the fields that belong to the infested field owner and the surrounding fields, but no cysts were found in additional samples. To determine infestation focus and its size, the infested field (1.1 ha) was divided into 46 plots (25 × 10 m) and resampled by taking samples of 60 cores per plot. The detailed sampling of the field revealed a high infestation of 1 cyst per gram of soil in the infestation focus. The high infestation level and the propagation of farm-own seed potatoes suggest that the introduction of G. pallida might have occurred several years ago, probably with imported seed potatoes. The infested field was subjected to the phytosanitary measure of banning potato production for a period of 6 years with the possibility of its prolongation, if cysts with live content are found afterward. It is expected that the nematode is present in other fields due to the farmer's practices of propagating farm-saved seed potatoes and deficient field machinery hygiene. Therefore, the whole area will be intensively monitored for the presence of PCN in the future. An adequate pest management plan will be prepared after PCN pathotype identification. To our knowledge, only one field was found infested with G. pallida during the 3-year PCN survey in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Strict phytosanitary measures for preventing further PCN introductions and spreading should be intensified. References: (1) I. Ostojić et al. Plant Dis. 95:883, 2011. (2) S. Širca et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 49:361, 2010. (3) A. M. Skantar et al. J. Nematol. 39:133, 2007. (4) J. van Bezooijen. Methods and Techniques for Nematology, Wageningen University, 2006.

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