Phosphonium ionic liquids as new, reactive extractants of lactic acid

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marták ◽  
Š. Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Reverse Micelles ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Cyphos Il 101 ◽  
Cyphos Il 104 ◽  
Phosphonium Ionic Liquids

AbstractSolvent properties of ionic liquids with trihexyltetradecylphosphonium cation and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate anion (Cyphos IL-104) or chloride anion (Cyphos IL-101) were studied. IL-104 effectively extracted lactic acid (LA) with distribution coefficients above 40 at low acid concentrations. IL-104 extracted only undissociated acid (LAH) what supported the coordination mechanism of lactic acid extraction via H-bonding. In the extraction of lactic acid by phosphonium chloride (IL-101) an ion-exchange mechanism contributed remarkably to the extraction especially at basic pH where anionic form of this acid predominated. A high solubility of water in hydrophobic IL-104 up to 14.4 mass % was connected with the formation of reverse micelles. A dual mechanism of water extraction to phosphonium ionic liquids was identified, which consisted of water incorporation into reverse micelles and the inclusion of water into the hydrated complex of lactic acid with ionic liquid (IL). The extraction of lactic acid caused splitting of reverse micelles with liberation of water from the solvent. In the saturated solvent only hydration water remained in the complex of lactic acid with phosphonium ionic liquid, with the suggested structure (LAH)p(IL)(H2O)2, where the value of p ranged from 1 to 3.

scholarly journals Characterization of PVC-based polymer inclusion membranes with phosphonium ionic liquids

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 4437-4443
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Witt ◽  
Elżbieta Radzymińska-Lenarcik
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cyphos Il 101 ◽  
Cyphos Il 104 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Phosphonium Ionic Liquids

Abstract Membrane techniques can be used to separate different compounds, i.e., toxic metal ions from waste waters. As any other method of separation, also this one, based on polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), has certain limitations. One of them is the stability of membranes. In the present paper, the dependence of the physical and chemical properties on composition of PVC-based polymer inclusion membranes doped with phosphonium ionic liquids (CYPHOS IL 101, CYPHOS IL 104, CYPHOS IL 105 and CYPHOS IL 109) was studied. The thermal stability of investigated membranes was examined by thermogravimetry together with differential thermogravimetry analysis. Obtained results showed that studied PIMs are stable to the temperature of about 170 °C. The membrane morphology was examined by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The visibility of all characteristic bands in the ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of individual components in the membranes: a polymer, a plasticizer and the carriers. It also suggested that there were no signs of the covalent bond formation between the polymer, the plasticizer and the carrier. Only van der Waals or hydrogen bonds could be present. Moreover, in the SEM images of the investigated PIMs a rough surface without pores was observed.

Electrochemistry of Neodymium in Phosphonium Ionic Liquids: The Influence of Cation, Water Content, and Mixed Anions

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Laura Sanchez-Cupido ◽  
Jennifer M. Pringle ◽  
Amal Siriwardana ◽  
Cristina Pozo-Gonzalo ◽  
Maria Forsyth
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Deposition Mechanism ◽  
Reduction Processes ◽  
Constant Potential ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach ◽  
Phosphonium Ionic Liquids

Electrodeposition using ionic liquids has emerged as an environmentally friendly approach to recover critical metals, such a neodymium. The investigation of ionic liquid chemistries and compositions is an important part of the move towards efficient neodymium recovery from end-of-life products that needs further research. Thus, in this paper we have investigated a series of phosphonium ionic liquids as potential electrolytic media. Anions such as bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI), dicyanamide (DCA), and triflate (TfO) have been investigated, in combination with short- and long-alkyl-chain phosphonium cations. The work here suggests that [TFSI]– is one of the most promising anions for successful deposition of Nd and that water plays an important role. In contrast, electrochemical behaviour was significantly hindered in the case of DCA ionic liquid, most likely owing to strong coordination between [DCA]– and Nd3+. Mixtures of anions, [TfO]– and [TFSI]–, have also been investigated in this work, resulting in two reduction processes that could be related to a different deposition mechanism involving two steps, as observed in the case of dysprosium or, alternatively, different coordination environments that have distinct deposition potentials. Additionally, we investigated the influence of electrode substrates – glassy carbon and copper. Cu electrodes resulted in the largest current densities and thus were used for subsequent electrodeposition at constant potential. These findings are valuable for optimising the deposition of Nd in order to develop more efficient and inexpensive recycling technologies for rare earth metals.

scholarly journals Highly Efficient Biphasic System for the Synthesis of Alkyl Lactates in the Presence of Acidic Ionic Liquids

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Dorosz ◽  
Natalia Barteczko ◽  
Piotr Latos ◽  
Karol Erfurt ◽  
Ewa Pankalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
Biphasic System ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Molar Excess ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquids

Alkyl lactates are produced from lactic acid via esterification, and are used in the production of plastics, paints, solvents and detergents. In the pursuit of an inexpensive, industry-suitable catalyst for this reaction, the application of protic ionic liquids based on nitrogen base and sulphuric acid is proposed. The ionic liquid was synthesised via a simple reaction of triethylamine and a threefold molar excess of sulphuric acid. Water was added to remove the heat of the reaction. Next, the reaction conditions for the model esterification of 2-ethylhexanol with lactic acid without additional solvent were optimised. Exceptionally mild conditions, i.e., a twofold molar excess of alcohol to lactic acid with the addition of an ionic liquid in a catalytic amount (15 mol%) at 60 °C, resulted in high yields of ethyl and 2-ethylhexyl lactates (96–97%). The driving force of this reaction is the production of a biphasic system with immiscible ester during the reaction. This phenomenon makes it possible to overcome the reaction equilibrium. Using an inexpensive ionic liquid, which could be recycled up to five times without diminution in conversion or selectivity, leads to both a greener and a more economically-viable process.

scholarly journals Rheology of phosphonium ionic liquids: a molecular dynamics and experimental study

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 10193-10203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Sarman ◽  
Yong-Lei Wang ◽  
Patrick Rohlmann ◽  
Sergei Glavatskih ◽  
Aatto Laaksonen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Phosphonium Ionic Liquids

Comparison between the theoretical and experimental viscosity of an ionic liquid.

Phosphonium ionic liquids as new compatibilizing agents of biopolymer blends composed of poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephtalate)/poly(lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA)

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (73) ◽  
pp. 59082-59092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luanda C. Lins ◽  
Sébastien Livi ◽  
Jannick Duchet-Rumeau ◽  
Jean-François Gérard
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Phosphonium Ionic Liquids ◽  
Biopolymer Blends

Effect of phosphonium ionic liquids on the morphologies of PBAT/PLA blends.

Vibrational relaxation in ionic liquids and ionic liquid reverse micelles

2006 ◽  
Vol 418 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Sando ◽  
Kevin Dahl ◽  
Jeffrey C. Owrutsky
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Vibrational Relaxation ◽  
Reverse Micelles

The Influence of Poly Lactic Acid's Crystalline Behavior and the Compatibility by Poly(Ionic Liquid)

2013 ◽  
Vol 706-708 ◽  
pp. 336-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Xu ◽  
Mi Zhou ◽  
Xin Qian
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Poly Ionic Liquid ◽  
Very High ◽  
Ionic Liquid Concentration

In this paper hexafluorophosphate anionic ionic liquid monomer. Through the ion exchange ([2-(methacryloyloxy) ethy trimethyl ammonium hexafluoro phosphate ionic liquids) ([MATM[PF6]) was prepared. Also through the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), the required poly (ionic liquid) (PIL) was easy to gather and had a very high yield, mixed with polylactic acid in solution and observed on the influence of PLAs crystallinity and compatibility. From differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis results are seen that poly (ionic liquid) concentration in a certain range goes against poly (lactic acid)(PLA) crystallization and reduces the ability of crystallization.

scholarly journals The Potential of Non-Ionic Surfactants for Extraction of Lactic Acid from Aqueous Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5315
Author(s):  
Remil Aguda ◽  
Shayla LeBoeuf ◽  
Cody Stelly ◽  
Samantha Bonilla ◽  
Brandon LeBlanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Acid Water ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Tie Lines

Lactic acid, an important commodity chemical for various applications, is mainly produced through fermentation. In this study, the potential of non-ionic surfactants (an alcohol ethoxylate (AE) and two alcohol alkoxylates (AAs)) as solvents for the extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solutions is reported for the first time. Ternary mixtures containing lactic acid, water, and surfactants were prepared for the assessment. The results indicated that for all the systems, the water–surfactant binary pair exhibits partial immiscibility. Furthermore, the results suggested that with respect to the size of the two-phase region and stability of phases developed, the AE is the suitable solvent for the targeted extraction process. Thus, tie-lines for the system lactic acid + water + AE were then determined to establish the phase diagram of the system at 308.15 K. From the tie-lines, distribution coefficients and separation factors were estimated, which indicated that a compromise between the size and number of extraction units is necessary if AE is to be used as a solvent for lactic acid extraction. The extraction efficiency was estimated to be only about 37–48%. Nevertheless, the biodegradability and non-toxicity of AE makes it a viable solvent for the development of the extractive lactic acid fermentation process.

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